Study on the differential gene expression of elm leaves fed on by Tetraneura akinire Sasaki

Hai‑bo Lu,Ling‑pin Jin,Dong Wei,Zhi‑hong Huang 한국유전학회 2019 Genes & Genomics Vol.41 No.12

Background To study the essential molecular mechanism of gall formation is very important. Objective To investigate the differential gene expression in leaves fed on by Tetraneura akinire Sasaki and to provide a basis for the better understanding of the essential molecular mechanism of gall formation. Methods The infected leaves of the elm were divided into three periods: initial formation period (T2), growth and differentiation period (T3), and cracking period (T4). The untouched leaves were used as the control (T1). RNA-Seq was performed, and the high-quality sequences were mapped to the reference genome and the elm gene database to obtain the gene expression profiles. The expression level of each gene was calculated by the RPKM method. A combination of FDR ≤ 0.01 and the absolute value of |log2 ratio (T/CK)| ≥ 2 was used as the threshold to determine the significance of gene expression. Finally, GO and pathway enrichment analyses were used to identify the significantly enriched functional classification and metabolic pathways in DEGs. Results The results revealed that approximately 244 mRNAs were detected between T1 and T2, including 192 up-regulated and 52 down-regulated mRNAs; approximately 175 mRNAs were detected between T1 and T3, including 145 up-regulated and 30 down-regulated mRNAs; and approximately 372 mRNAs were detected between T1 and T4, including 360 up-regulated and 12 down-regulated mRNAs. Approximately 34 differentially expressed genes were identified by Venn analysis. Comparing the three infection periods to the control, there were 28 up-regulated and six down-regulated mRNAs. Additionally, 562 genes were used for cluster analysis, which revealed that the gene expression in T2 and T3 changed greatly. Genes related to cell proliferation and respiration, such as microtubulin and 6-phosphoric acid fructose kinase were mainly up-regulated during the T2 period. Genes encoding lipoxygenase, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and protease inhibitor were up-regulated during T2 and T3. Genes encoding lignocellulose synthase were up-regulated during T4, which suggests the reinforcement of the cell wall to improve the resistance to the damage of the Tetraneura akinire Sasaki. Conclusions The results showed that the feeding of Tetraneura akinire Sasaki caused the differential expression of elm genes and influenced cellular energy metabolism. These changes in physiological response and gene expression of the elm compose the physiological and molecular basis of the gall formation and may improve the resistance of elm to Tetraneura akinire Sasaki.

들깨(Perilla frutescens) 잎과 줄기에서의 정유특성과 안정성

金海洙,金鐘熙 慶南大學校 附設 基礎科學硏究所 2000 硏究論文集 Vol.14 No.-

5개의 다른 장소에서 경작된 들깨를 대상으로 생잎과 줄기를 채취하여, Gas Chromatography Mass spectrometer(GC-MS)를 이용하여, 잎과 줄기에 함유된 정유의 조성과 함량을 분석하였다. 잎과 줄기의 정유의 조성은 매우 단순하였고(주요 성분은 8종류), 총함량은 건중의 1%정도였고, 그중 2-butanoyl furan 한 성분이 90%이상을 차지하였다. 줄기의 정유조성은 잎과 유사하나 함량은 잎의 1%정도에 불과하였다. 정유 총 함량은 계절에 따라 뚜렷한 차이가 있었고 7월이 가장 높았다. 각각 다른 온도에서 한시간 건조한 들깨잎은 여전히 30℃, 50℃에서는 약 90%, 80℃는 60%, 100℃ 40%이상의 정유를 함유하였고, 염수(salt solution)처리 6개월후의 들깨잎은 염농도와 관계없이 90%이상의 정유를 함유하고 있었다. The composition of essential oil in Perilla frutescens leaves and stems were identified and measured quantitatively by using Gas Chromatography and Mass Spetrometer (GC-MS). The total amount of essential oil in the leaf was much high, the highest total amount exhibited in July and varied with season, but the essential oil composition was much simple(the major composition was only eight kinds) and only 2-butanoyl furan composed over 90% of the total amount. The total amount in stem was very low and the composition also was very simple (only four kinds). After treatment with different temperature.(30℃, 50℃ 80℃ and 100℃), Perilla frutescens leaf still remained much of oil(at 30℃, 50℃ remained 90℃, 80℃ remained 60%, at 100℃ remained 40%) and after treatment with different concentration of salt solution (10%, 30%, 50% 80%)six months, it still remained over 90% of essential oil in fresh leaf.

들깨의 수용성화합물질과 그들의 타감작용

金海洙,金鐘熙 慶南大學校 附設 基礎科學硏究所 2000 硏究論文集 Vol.14 No.-

생잎과 뿌리 수용추출물이 함유하고 있는 화합물질은 phenolic compounds가 주였고, 잎추출물은 17종 acids와 9종의 비acids화합물질, 뿌리추출물에서는 15종의 acids와 6종의 비acids가 검정 및 동정되었다. 잎과 뿌리의 수용 추출물은 선정된 수용체 식물의 발아를 억제하였으며, 추출액 농도가 높을수록 억제 효과도 컸다. 잎의 경우 발아억제 효과는 고추, 쇠무름, 달맞이꽃 순 이었고, 뿌리는 쇄무름, 달맞이꽃, 고추, 상추 순이었다. 잎 추출물 억제효과는 뿌리추출물 보다 상대적으로 높았다. 그러나 오이, 배추, 무는 잎과 뿌리추출물 모두에서 억제효과가 현저히 낮지는 않았다. 잎과 뿌리의 수용 추출물은 선정된 수용체 식물의 성장에 상당한 억제효과를 일으켰다. 수용추출의 농도증가에 따라 억제효과가 현저히 증가되었으며, 잎의 경우 억제효과가 상대적으로 낮았다. 억제 효과는 잎과 뿌리모두에서 고추, 달맞이, 쇠무름이 낮았으며, 오이에 대한 억제효과가 가장 낮았다. 또한 잎과 뿌리수용추출물의 발아 및 성장 억제효과에서 야생종 쇠무름, 달맞이꽃에서 총체적으로 억제효과가 경작종 보다 높음을 보여주었다. The main compounds in aqueous extract of P. frutescens leaves and roots were the phenolic compounds. 17 acids and 9 non-acids compounds in leaves, 15 acids, and 6 non acids compounds in roots were identified. Aqueous extract of P. frutescens leaf and root had an inhibition effect on the germination of selected receptor plant species. The inhibition effects were higher along with the concentration raising, and inhibition effect from leaf extracts was much higher than in the root extracts. The leaf-extract inhibition effects on Capsicum annuum linne. Achyrant japonica. Oenothera odorta leaf extracts, and root-extract inhibition effects on Achyrant japonica. Oenothera odorta, Capsicum annuum. Lactuca sativa were much higher than others. Aqueous extract of P. frutescens leaves and roots also had inhibition effects on the elongation of selected receptor-plant species. The inhibition effects were represented higher along with the concentration raising, and effects on Capsicum annuum. Achyrant japonica. Oenothera odorta were much higher than others.

고체 과산화물-철 라디칼 생성제를 이용한 토양오염 윤활유 분해에 대한 연구

김해봉,이기세 한국공업화학회 2004 응용화학 Vol.8 No.1

Lipopolysaccharide로 유발된 생쥐 무릎 관절염 완화에 미치는 진통산의 효과 : 윤활관절막과 섬유관절막의 형태 변화를 중심으로 Based on the Morphological Change of Synovial Membrane and Fibrous Membrane

김진택,최홍식,안상현,박인식,강윤호,김호현,이해풍 동국대학교 경주대학 1999 東國論集 Vol.18 No.-

Knee joint BALB/C mice were administered with JINTONGSAN(JTS) extract after Lipopolysaccaride(LPS) injection were observed to investigate the anti-inflammatiory effect of JTS for arthritis. The JTS extract(3.3 ㎖/㎏/day) were daily administered to mice suffered from arthritis of knee joint induced by LPS injection, as dose of 300㎖/㎏. The specimen were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and were decalcificate in EDTA solution for 4 Weeks. In synovial membrane, the hyperplasia of synovial lining cell(fibroblast like synoviocytes) on JTS group were diminished then LPS group. The number of synovial lining cell(synovial phagocytic cells) with filopodia and the infiltrated of lymphocyte on JTS group were decreased. In fibrous membrane, The region of fibrosis on JTS group were mitigated than LPS group and the appearance of fibroblast and migrated cell, as neutrophil leukocytes and lymphocyte, were decreased. As results indicated that JTS was effective in anti-inflammatory reaction for LPS-induced arthritis.

Lipopolysaccharide 로 유발된 생쥐 무릎관절낭 염증에 관한 형태학적 연구 : 윤활관절막과 섬유관절막의 변화를 중심으로 Based on the Morphological Changes of Synovial Membrane and Fibrous Membrane

김진택,안상현,최난희,정재만,박인식,강윤호,김호현,이해풍 동국대학교 한의학연구소 1999 東國韓醫學硏究所論文集 Vol.7 No.2

본 연구는 관절염 유발시 일어나는 관절낭의 형태학적 변화를 조사하기위해 ljpopolysaccharide(LPS)주사로 인위적 관절낭 염증을 유발시킨 후 시간경과에 따른 윤활관절막과 섬유관절막의 형태 변화를 관찰하였다. BALB/C 암컷 생쥐 오른쪽 무릎관절낭에 LPS 300㎍/㎏를 주사한 후 3, 7 그리고 14일에 무릎관절을 얻었다. 무릎관절은 4주동안 EDTA용액에 탈회한 후 통상적 방법으로 paraffin에 포매하였다. 또한 윤활관절막의 미세구조변화는 embed812로 포매한 후 관찰하였다. LPS 주사후 관절연골 인접부위의 윤활관절막에서 시작된 세포과형성(hyperplasia)은 시간 경과후 전체 윤활관절막으로 확대되었다. 윤활관절막내의 미세구조의 변화로는 윤활포식세포(type 1)가 관절강내로의 많은 돌기(filopodia)를 내었고, 잘 발달된 과립형질내세망을 가지는 type 2 윤활분비세포의 숫적 증가가 보였다. 한편 LPS 주사후 섬유관절막에서 나타나는 형태학적 변화는 collagen fiber 생성에 의한 섬유화가 증가되며, 이러한 섬유화를 주도하는 섬유모세포의 이주증가파 관찰되었다. 또한 혈관 주위에서는 백혈구의 이주 증가가 나타났으며, 탈과립형(degranulated type) 비만세포가 많이 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과로 LPS 주사로 관절낭에서 염증이 유발되어 윤활관전막과 섬유관절막에서 형태학적 변화가 나타났다. 이러한 일련의 형태학적 변화는 발병초기 류마티스성 관절염에서 나타나는 병리학적 소건과 동일한 결과로서, 앞으로 진행될 치료제 개발과 유발기전에 관한 해석을 위한 in vivo 실험의 적절한 모델로 기여한 것으로 기대된다. Synovial joint of BALB/C mice were injeced with Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) were observed to investigate the morphological changes of synovial capsule caused by rheumatoid arthritis(RA). The RA on female Balb/c mice were induced by LPS injection, as dose of 300㎍/㎏, into synovial cavity of knee joint. And then these specimen were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and were decalcificated in EDTA solution for 4 weeks. The hyperplasia of synovium were appeared in synovial membrane. The filopodia of phagocytic like synoviocyte(type Ⅰ synoviocyte) projected into synovial cavity and the number of fibroblast like synoviocyte(type Ⅱ synoviocyte) with well-developed endoplasmic reticulum were increased in synovium. In fibrous membrane, the fibrosis induced by synthesis of collagen fiber were enlarged to all fibrous membrane, and the number of fibroblast were increased. A great number of inflammation component cell as Iymphocyte and neutrophil leukocyte were infiltrated around capillary and the degranulate typed mast cell were increased. As results indicated that the hyperplasia of synovium induced by LPS, subsequently to cause the fibrosis, infiltration of imflammation component cell, and increase of degranulated type mast call as same as symptoms of RA.

肺膿瘍患者 186例에 對한 臨床觀察

朴海珍 全南大醫大 1973 전남의대학술지 Vol.10 No.2

디자인경영의 유형별 전략모델에 관한 연구

이해묵,황세민,김규진 경기대학교 부설 산업디자인연구소 2010 조형논총 Vol.- No.7

중국조선족교육 그 현황과 과제

박금해 전남대학교 아시아태평양지역연구소 2000 아시아태평양지역연구 Vol.3 No.1

자고로 조선족은 드높은 교육열로 소문 높았다. 천임과 더불어 서당, 서숙으로 부터 흥기한 조선족교육은 중국의 부동한 시기 격변하는 이념과 경제구도의 변화속에서 왕성한 생명력으로 민족교육의 맥을 이어왔으며 조선 족으로 하여금 중국 56개 민족 중에서 문화소질이 가장 높은 민족으로 자리 메김 하였다. 그러나 개혁개방후 특히는 90년대에 진입한 후 조선족교육은 심각한 도적과 위기에 직면하였으며 그것은 궁극적으로 조선족공동천의 정책성보존을 위협하고 있다. 산업화, 도시화진척과정에서의 조선족인구의 대 유동 및 그에 따른 농촌교육의 장터와 도시교육의 포화상태, 조선족학생들의 동화위기, 편향된 입시위주교육과 창의성의 결여, 학교교육의 고립과 민족성의 결여 및 이밖에 교육내연에서 재기되는 여러가지 문제점들, 이 모두가 조선족교육에 낙관할 수 없는 그림자를 던져주고 있다. 이제 조선족 교육의 미래는 바로 여하히 당면의 위기를 극복하고 민족성을 고수하면서 다가오는 미래사회의 다원성의 도전에 응전하느냐에 달려 있다. 교육주체를 포함한 전 사회가 민족적 사명감으로 민족교육의 중책을 짊어진다면 우리 교육의 전망은 결코 암담한 것만은 아닐 것이다. The korean's search for knowledge and her enthusiasm for the education of their children and noted heritages from ancient days. It has been elevated to a sort of national paranoia to educate next generation, in order to regain independence. After Korea was forcibly annexed by Japanese with tacit approval of imperialist nations. A horde of Koreans, either educated people or ignorant peasants forcibly ousted from their land, crossed the Duman river to set up settlements by pioneering rice cultivation in the northeastern comer of China, used to be called Gando. The first thing they did was, needless to mention, to set up schools, from elementary to high schools, to educate their children. Thus the Korean communities here had succeeded in fostering patriotism, preserving cultural traditions and educating able leaders in various fields. even under the oppression of Japanese Army and bureaucrats. It was because of this tradition that ethnic Koreans, though small in number, were better educated than other ethnic minorities in China and highly regarded by the leaders of the new Republic With the establishment of the Peoples Republic of China, for which a number of Korean youths sacrificed their lives, ethnic Koreans were allowed to have citizenship and autonomy in the region. With the help and understanding from the centra government the educational systems was greatly expanded to include a university, the first of its kind in China for ethnic minorities. Following the periods of upheaval and confusion and subsequent reform and marke economy, heretofore successful educational system of ethnic Korean began to face problems, challenges and tribulations that become common China since nineties: 1) The quality of education in urban area was greatly affected by the unplanned influx of students. due to shifting of population to cities from countryside, in terms of shortage of teachers, classes overcrowding, lack of better facilities, etc., while the rural schools had to be closed; 2) Enforcement of outdated policy to infuse knowledge through one-sided lecture is stifling budding interests on various subject and original ideas of students which could be fostered through open discussions in the class, and seriously obstructs educating all-around students to lead the nation into the 21st century; 3) National or regional (ethnic) educational policy lacking, and schools being located in ethnic villages with limited source of educational tools and reading materials, the passion of the parents for the ethnic educational is slowly on the wane. 4) With the strong emphasis of the importance of education by the national government and dissemination of the importance of knowledge economy, the education has once again in the focus of government policy. To us ethnic educators, however, the setting of new goals for ethnic educational policy. To us ethnic educators. however, the setting of new goals for ethnic educational policy is extremely urgent, because the assimilation process with Han tribe is proceeding speedily making ethnic education a futile effort. These are the kind of environment we ethnic educators are now faced with. Should we continue to preserve our heritage in terms of language and culture. and let our descendents be a proud minority in China contributing to its extort to attain the greatness among the nations in the world, or simply let them go the way to become nameless Chinese people. There is a way if there is will. We can get helps if we are really set our mind to do something. Let's be a proud Korean-Chinese. if it has to be.

PLD 박막의 물리적 성질

한용진,조봉균,정재훈,이수빈,박해윤,이태기,채희백,홍진수 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 1998 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.4 No.2

Thin amorphous carbon films were deposited by a Q-switched Nd;YAG 532nm with beam power density of ?? on the high purity graphite (99.7%). The pressure of vacuum chamber was ?? Torr. In order to estimate the quality of the Pulsed Laser Deposition films one of the most important optical properties, bandgap energy, was characterized by transmission and reflection in the range of the visible, and an optical direct bandgap energy of 2.45eV and indirect bandgap energy 0.36eV were obtained. Surface morphology of amorphous film was investigated by AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy). Its surface roughness is 70nm. Comparing our results with the published values in the literature we have confidence that our films show the good quality for optical properties.