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Paik, Yong‐,Han,Iwaisako, Keiko,Seki, Ekihiro,Inokuchi, Sayaka,Schnabl, Bernd,Ö,sterreicher, Christoph H.,Kisseleva, Tatiana,Brenner, David A. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2011 Hepatology Vol.53 No.5
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) is a multicomponent enzyme that mediates electron transfer from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate to molecular oxygen, which leads to the production of superoxide. NOX2/gp91<SUP>phox</SUP> is a catalytic subunit of NOX expressed in phagocytic cells. Several homologues of NOX2, including NOX1, have been identified in nonphagocytic cells. We investigated the contributory role of NOX1 and NOX2 in hepatic fibrosis. Hepatic fibrosis was induced in wild‐type (WT) mice, NOX1 knockout (NOX1KO) mice, and NOX2 knockout (NOX2KO) mice by way of either carbon tetrachloride (CCl<SUB>4</SUB>) injection or bile duct ligation (BDL). The functional contribution of NOX1 and NOX2 in endogenous liver cells, including hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and bone marrow (BM)‐derived cells, including Kupffer cells (KCs), to hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and hepatic fibrosis was assessed <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> using NOX1 or NOX2 BM chimeric mice. Hepatic NOX1 and NOX2 messenger RNA expression was increased in the two experimental mouse models of hepatic fibrosis. Whereas NOX1 was expressed in HSCs but not in KCs, NOX2 was expressed in both HSCs and KCs. Hepatic fibrosis and ROS generation were attenuated in both NOX1KO and NOX2KO mice after CCl<SUB>4</SUB> or BDL. Liver fibrosis in chimeric mice indicated that NOX1 mediates the profibrogenic effects in endogenous liver cells, whereas NOX2 mediates the profibrogenic effects in both endogenous liver cells and BM‐derived cells. Multiple NOX1 and NOX2 components were up‐regulated in activated HSCs. Both NOX1‐ and NOX2‐deficient HSCs had decreased ROS generation and failed to up‐regulate collagen α1(I) and transforming growth factor β in response to angiotensin II. <I>Conclusion:</I> Both NOX1 and NOX2 have an important role in hepatic fibrosis in endogenous liver cells, including HSCs, whereas NOX2 has a lesser role in BM‐derived cells. (H<SMALL>EPATOLOGY</SMALL> 2011;)</P>
Tanaka, K.,Nagaoka, K.,Murakami, S.,Takahashi, H.,Osakabe, M.,Yokoyama, M.,Seki, R.,Michael, C.A.,Yamaguchi, H.,Suzuki, C.,Shimizu, A.,Tokuzawa, T.,Yoshinuma, M.,Akiyama, T.,Ida, K.,Yamada, I.,Yasuhar IOP 2017 Nuclear fusion Vol.57 No.11
<P>Surveys of the ion and electron heat transports of neutral beam (NB) heating plasma were carried out by power balance analysis in He and H rich plasma at LHD. Collisionality was scanned by changing density and heating power. The characteristics of the transport vary depending on collisionality. In low collisionality, with low density and high heating power, an ion internal transport barrier (ITB) was formed. The ion heat conductivity (<I>χ</I> <SUB>i</SUB>) is lower than electron heat conductivity (<I>χ</I> <SUB>e</SUB>) in the core region at <I>ρ</I> < 0.7. On the other hand, in high collisionality, with high density and low heating power, <I>χ</I> <SUB>i</SUB> is higher than <I>χ</I> <SUB>e</SUB> across the entire range of plasma. These different confinement regimes are associated with different fluctuation characteristics. In ion ITB, fluctuation has a peak at <I>ρ</I> = 0.7, and in normal confinement, fluctuation has a peak at <I>ρ</I> = 1.0. The two confinement modes change gradually depending on the collisionality. Scans of concentration ratio between He and H were also performed. The ion confinement improvements were investigated using gyro-Bohm normalization, taking account of the effective mass and charge. The concentration ratio affected the normalized <I>χ</I> <SUB>i</SUB> only in the edge region (<I>ρ</I> ~ 1.0). This indicates ion species effects vary depending on collisionality. Turbulence was modulated by the fast ion loss instability. The modulation of turbulence is higher in H rich than in He rich plasma.</P>
Fine Impedance Matching by Use of Liquid Stub Tuners in ICRF Experiment on LHD
kenji Saito,C. Takahashi,H. Takeuchi,J. G. Kwak,J. S. Yoon,M. Yokota,R. Kumazawa,T. Seki,T. Mutoh,Y. P. Zhao 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.III
An impedance-matching system with liquid stub tuners was developed for high-power, long-pulse ICRF injection in LHD. In order to predict the optimum liquid heights, a loading resistance and an effective length were calculated. We used a complex reflection coefficient measured at a directional coupler attached to the outlet of an oscillator. The effective length changed, as well as the loading resistance, when the plasma condition was changed. Moreover, the effective length changed during long-pulse ICRF injection. By using the loading resistance and the effective length, the liquid heights for impedance matching were calculated and the reflected power was reduced in discharges having similar plasma parameters. Application of this method to real-time feedback control for long-pulse discharges is now being prepared.
Polymer surfaces studied by sum - frequency vibrational spectroscopy
D. Kim,J. Sung,H. M. Cheong,C. N. Whang,Y. Ouchi,T. Iimori,N. Matsuie,K. Seki 한국진공학회(ASCT) 2003 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.12 No.S1
Sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy has recently been used to investigate the surface of the various polymers and was able to find the chemical compositions and structures specific to the surface. Here we report our studies on two specific polymer samples to demonstrate its capability. Polyimide thin films were made by spin coating on fused quartz and CaF₂ substrates. The sum-frequency signal originating mainly from the air/polymer interface showed markedly different spectra, indicating the structural change of the polymer surface depending on the underlying substrate. Various polyethylene surfaces were also investigated by sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy. The surface of polyethylene samples in the CH-region showed different sum-frequency spectra, presumably due to the trace amount of additives having much higher concentration at the air/polymer interface. These examples demonstrate the surface and interface of the polymer could have different structure and chemical composition from those of a bulk, which can be studied effectively by surface nonlinear optical spectroscopy.
T. Oka,M. Furusawa,K. Sudo,L. Dadiel,N. Sakai,H. Seki,M. Miryala,M. Murakami,T. Nakano,M. Ooizumi,K. Yokoyama,M. Tsujimura 한국초전도저온공학회 2021 초전도와 저온공학 Vol.23 No.3
Nickel (Ni) is a kind of the rare earth resources. Since Ni-containing waste is drained after several plating operations in the factories, the effective recycling technique has been expected to be introduced. An actual magnetic separation technique using HTS bulk magnet generating the strong magnetic field has succeeded in collecting the paramagnetic slurry containing Ni-sulphate coarse crystals which were fabricated from the Ni-plating waste. The Ni compound in the collected slurry was identified as NiSO4/6H2O, showing slight differences in the particle size and magnetic susceptibility between the samples attracted and not-attract to the magnetic pole. This preferential extraction suggests us a novel recycling method of Ni resource because the compound is capable of recycling back to the plating processes as a raw material.
Dependency of the Plasma Loading Resistance on the RF Power for KSTAR ICRF Heating
S. J. Wang,김선호,J. G. Kwak,S. K. Kim,H. Kasahara,T. Seki,T. Mutoh 한국물리학회 2010 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.57 No.5
The ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) experiment on the KSTAR tokamak is performed without the interference of ion cyclotron resonances so that only electrons are heated component. Maximum 150% local Te increase is measured by the ECE with PRF ∼ 300 kW of f = 44.2 MHz RF pulse with wide range of plasma parameters. The averaged RL deduced from the ICRF pulses during this campaign shows that RL has an increasing trend as PRF increases in the range of PRF = 70 ∼ 280 kW. If the local electron density, ne, around an antenna is added by Δne due to the near-field ionization of the outgassed neutral particles, fast wave propagation will be enhanced by a modified fast wave cutoff layer. This enhancement can be represented by RL showing its linearity as a function of n1/2 e = (n'e +Δne)1/2. The experimental result of a monotonic increase in RL with PRF will give a qualitative base to support recent activities to achieve a high-power-density ITER ICRF antenna by actively increasing RL with additional gas puffing in the vicinity of the antenna.
Oka, T.,Furusawa, M.,Sudo, K.,Dadiel, L.,Sakai, N.,Seki, H.,Miryala, M.,Murakami, M.,Nakano, T.,Ooizumi, M.,Yokoyama, K.,Tsujimura, M. The Korean Society of Superconductivity and Cryoge 2021 한국초전도저온공학회논문지 Vol.23 No.3
Nickel (Ni) is a kind of the rare earth resources. Since Ni-containing waste is drained after several plating operations in the factories, the effective recycling technique has been expected to be introduced. An actual magnetic separation technique using HTS bulk magnet generating the strong magnetic field has succeeded in collecting the paramagnetic slurry containing Ni-sulphate coarse crystals which were fabricated from the Ni-plating waste. The Ni compound in the collected slurry was identified as NiSO<sub>4</sub>/6H<sub>2</sub>O, showing slight differences in the particle size and magnetic susceptibility between the samples attracted and not-attract to the magnetic pole. This preferential extraction suggests us a novel recycling method of Ni resource because the compound is capable of recycling back to the plating processes as a raw material.