A Case Study on Current Issues in Artificial Intelligence and its’ Ethical Implications

Gyunyeol Park(Gyunyeol Park),Myungwoo Bae(Myungwoo Bae) J-INSTITUTE 2022 Robotics & AI Ethics Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: This study aims to explore ethical implications by looking at some examples of what ethical issues the advent of AI poses to humans. Method: For this purpose, this study showed 7 cases on AI issues. Results: Case1 is a helper that performs a passive function. Case 2, Case 3, and Case 4 are events that take place in an uncanny valley. Case 5 and Case 6 show that AI plays the role of a major agent in the capitalist market in a new virtual or offline space. In this way, human-to-human, human-to-human AI, AI-to-AI can lead to complex and diverse ownership disputes. Finally, Case 7 is a case in which AI itself performs not only cognitive functions but also emotional functions based on information based on deep learning. Conclusion: AI can change the algorithm initially entered by a human by itself. This is a characteristic different from the civilizations that have arrived in the past. In the cognitive realm, AI has already surpassed humans. In other words, the cognitive singularity has already been occupied by AI. We need to prepare for the next step.

The Emergence of Artificial Intelligence and Ethical Challenges

( Gyunyeol Park ) 국제인문사회연구학회 2023 Studies on Humanities and Social Sciences (SHSC) Vol.5 No.1

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a part of material civilization that has emerged to promote the convenience of mankind. However, this new form of civilization has given the advantage of convenience to mankind, but at the same time contains all kinds of unethical elements such as discomfort, racism, and inequality. Moreover, it is a bigger problem that this does not happen only within the AI algorithm itself, but can be ubiquitous throughout related networking. In this regard, this study aims to present practical ways to diagnose, respond to, and solve ethical problems related to artificial intelligence for each of the various actors involved.

Reforming Tool to Measure SPORTS Ethics Consciounsness of Korean College Students

Gyunyeol Park J-INSTITUTE 2021 Kinesiology Vol.6 No.2

Purpose: This study complements some of the shortcomings of the past developed tool for measuring sports ethics consciousness of Korean college students. Method: The past tool used the basic principles developed by G. Lind of Germany. The validity was also based on the verification procedure proposed by G. Lind. To get better validation, this study got comments from 3 advisors who are very specialized in the sphere of moral education. Results: This sports ethics consciousness measurement tool is generally good at verifying the order of preference for each moral development stage. The experts’ reactions in 1st, 4th, and 5th stage were slightly out of the normal range. The quasi-simplex structure validation was clearly classified and guaranteed, and cognitive-emotional parallel validation also not bad. In the past researches, the 4th and 5th stages were slightly higher than the 6th stage. But the result of this study could be acceptable. To overcome the weakness the past tool, this study got interview with three domestic moral education based doctors. Mostly they commented trivial problems in the past tool which contains weakness at the stage of moral development. According to these aids, this study could change the sentences at the 4th stage. Conclusion: This study showed the a little corrected tool for measuring sports ethics awareness of Korean college students that has been developed. Later the result of this study will be verified through statistical study.

Cyber Education for Korean Traditional Seodang Culture and Its Some Implication to Multiculturalism in the Korean Society

Gyunyeol Park,Kyungjoo Lee J-INSTITUTE 2022 Robotics & AI Ethics Vol.7 No.1

Purpose: This study aims to find a way to apply Korean traditional Seodang culture to cyber education and bring some implication to modern Korean society’s multiculturalism. To this end, it understands the characteristics of knowledge and education in the era of the 4th industrial revolution. That is the next-generation industrial revolution made up of the convergence of information and communication technology (ICT). Method: The specific method for this study is based on literature research. To back up the field experience, authors visited the Korean traditional Seodang and interviewed with its Teacher (called Hunjang). Results: The 4th industrial revolution has brought about digital natives who can understand and utilize that civilization freely. They make great use of and enjoy digital environments such as personal computer, cellular phone, and the internet. These digital natives are consumers and producers of civilization at the same time. In particular, there has been a great transition from untact to ontact after beginning of COVID-19. Requests to consider virtual reality and metaverse have increased. This study suggested some concrete ways to respond to such a trend of civilization transformation. Conclusion: Digital civilization is not limited to education, but dominates the entire modern civilization. There-fore, a practical way to adapt the very traditional Seodang culture to this modern civilization was presented. Such efforts break away from the passive attitude of continuing the tradition. Furthermore, it will contribute to strengthening the media literacy competency of today s youth and bridging the digital gap between the traditions of the past and modern civilization. Seodang, a traditional cultural content in modern Korean society, is expected to be a medium that goes beyond just one of cultural assets and enriches the complex and diverse multicultural situation. This idea comes from that Seodang in the Korean tradition attempted a voluntary bottum-up of voluntary education oriented toward the spirit of the times in a rural society. Modern Seodang culture can be contribut-ed to Korean modern multicultural society.

Sustainable Land Redevelopment Strategy of Morocco Based on an Eco Ethics Perspective

( Gyunyeol Park ),( Jungbae Bang ),( Hojong Lee ),( Daechol Kwon ),( Jongnam Choi ) 국제인문사회연구학회 2024 Studies on Humanities and Social Sciences (SHSC) Vol.6 No.1

This study aims to explore sustainable land redevelopment strategies in Morocco based on an eco-ethical perspective, taking into account the complexity of Morocco's topography and climate. Specifically, this study presents practical measures for national development suited to Morocco’s socioeconomic conditions and natural environment, including Morocco’s climate, topography, vegetation, and geographical location around the Sahara Desert. To this end, this study takes an interdisciplinary approach including policy, finance, ethics, geography, and education. As a result of the research, we propose the following sustainable land redevelopment plan that can promote development while maintaining Morocco's natural environment. First, mountain lake maintenance and water retention are carried out using bamboo, an eco-friendly material. Second, rainwater storage tanks and sewage treatment facilities are utilized as an efficient way to preserve groundwater. Third, to secure absolute green space, cultivation of farmland in hilly areas and construction of houses in mountainous areas are restricted. Fourth, in order to secure biodiversity when restoring forests, it is necessary to limit the types of crops and tree species planted. Fifth, voluntary participation of the people is necessary for sustainable national land development, and to this end, democratic citizenship education and environmental ethics education for youth and citizens must be strengthened. This study will contribute to establishing theoretical and practical directions that the Moroccan government should consider when pursuing national redevelopment.

통일안보의식에 미치는 영향 요인: 한국학중앙연구원의 ‘시민의식조사’결과를 중심으로

박균열(Park GyunYeol),조홍제(Cho Hong Je),박동준(Park Dong Jun) 한국테러학회 2016 한국테러학회보 Vol.9 No.1

이 연구는 2015 AKS 시민의식 실태조사 결과 중에서 통일안보의식을 분석하고 이를 2013년의 조사결과와 비교한 것이다. 통일의식은 “남북한 통일의 필요성”과 “현 정권의 대북 정책에 대한 만족도”를 주요변수로 잡았다. 그리고 여기에 영향을 미치는 요인은 선행연구를 토대로 “남북한 관계 인식”, “개별국가보다 국제기구에 더 많은 권한 부여 인식”, “각 나라별 가깝게 느끼는 정도”를 주요변수로 잡았다. 우선, 남북한 통일의 필요성에 영향을 미치는 요인과 관련해서, 남북한 관계 인식이 우호적일수록 통일의 필요성은 높게 나타났다. 2015년도에는 국제기구에 더 많은 권한을 부여에 대한 의식이 통일의 필요성에 미치는 영향은 의미 있는 인식 차이를 나타냈고, 미국, 북한, 러시아 순으로 친밀감을 느끼는 정도에 따라 통일의 필요성이 높았다. 그리고 현 정권의 대북 정책에 대한 만족도와 관련해서 2013년도와 2015년도 모두 남북한 관계 인식이 우호적일수록 만족도가 높았다. 2015년도에는 국제기구에 더 많은 권한을 부여하는 정도가 높을수록 대북정책의 만족도가 높았다. 2015년도에서 일본을 제외하고, 미국, 북한, 러시아, 중국과 가깝게 느끼는 정도에서 만족도에 대한 유의미한 차이를 나타냈다. This paper is to analyze the consciousness of unification and national security in the survey of 2015 AKS Civic Value Consciousness and to compare with 2013 AKS survey. As prime variables, ‘the necessity of unification between North and South Korea’ and ‘the satisfaction for the policy of North Korea of the present government’ are analyzed in accordance with the influence of ‘the cognition of relation between North and South Korea’, ‘the cognition of the stronger authorization to international organization than to each country’, and ‘the level of the feeling of closeness to each country.’ Concerning the variable of ‘the necessity of unification between North and South Korea’ in 2013 and in 2015, higher is the necessity, 1) more friendly the relation between North and South Korea is recognized, 2) the stronger authorization to international organization in 2015, 3) accordance to the feeling of closeness to U.S.A, North Korea, and Russia. Higher is the satisfaction for the policy of North Korea of the present government, 1) more friendly the relation between North and South Korea is recognized in 2013 and in 2015, 2) the stronger authorization to international organization in 2015, 3) accordance to the feeling of closeness to U.S.A, North Korea, Russia, and China, except Japan.

The NATIONAL SECURITY Perspective of the First President Rhee Syngman of Korea

Hongje Cho,Gyunyeol Park,Yooshin Im J-INSTITUTE 2021 International Journal of Military Affairs Vol.6 No.2

Purpose: This study aims to examine the security perspective of the first president Rhee Syngman of ROK and bring some implications in making defense policy making. Method: This paper utilizes multidisciplinary approach. This contains the perspective of threat, allies, defense policy, independent defense. Specifically this uses various speeches, interviews, memoirs, and testimonies about and by Rhee Syngman. Results: This paper did find out that President Syngman Rhee not only had a firm view against communism, but also maintained a thorough anti-Japanese view against Japan. However, the Korea-US Mutual Defense Treaty and the resulting South Korea-U.S. alliance, which were agreed upon with the U.S. during the Korean War. And his security perspective could actually play a major role in curbing the recurrence of the war on the Korean Peninsula and securing South Korea s sustainability and security. Conclusion: The first President Rhee Syngman had tried to devote his best efforts to settle down Korea’s solid dynamic security through closely good friendship with US. To make this objective he took very a serious vigilance and concerns to North Korea and the revival of expansionist Japanese militarism. As a first president of ROK, he made fundamental base of ROK and its security.

Multicultural Education of South Korea through the VIRTUAL REALITY

Seongran Ha,Gyunyeol Park J-INSTITUTE 2021 Robotics & AI Ethics Vol.6 No.3

Purpose: The framework of online education is evolving from e-learning to XR-learning. As expectations for the educational effect and market growth of reality contents increase, the South Korean government has established related education policies and is making intensive investments. Generation C, Z, and Alpha learners, Digital Na-tives, are quickly responding and adapting to the concept of Metaverse. Thus, this study suggests the need for the transition of multicultural education in line with the changes in social, educational technology, and intends to present a rough direction of multicultural education. Method: This study used the approach of literature review and document analysis. The results of this study should be supplemented by quantitative and qualitative studies in the future. For a literature-oriented approach, refer to the government agencies presentation materials and academic studies. Document survey is mainly relat-ed to cyber education materials presented on the Internet and various resources. Results: This study presented three ways of multicultural education using VR: First, Korean Culture Experience Program offering experience of traditional Korean culture or historical facts; Second, Korean Life Adaptation Program to settle down in Korean life including markets, banks, or community service centers; Third, education program for multicultural understanding and sensitivity providing virtual cases of language barrier, social exclu-sion, and discrimination. In reality, there are still problems that require a lot of investment in content formulation, equipment purchase, maintenance, etc., and securing quality of content and finding suitable education methods. Conclusion: This study aims to present the direction of multicultural education in Korea using the virtual reality. Producing feasible contents needs expensive and very complicated procedures. This study proposes a basic con-cept how multicultural education in Korean society can be made in virtual space. These VR contents have the ad-vantage of being able to be an education suitable for the actual environment because they have the advantage of allowing learners to experience and discuss directly in virtual spaces. To this end, there remain challenges to overcome both ethical issues and budget problems of developing high-level contents.

Reforming Tool to Measure MEDICAL ETHICS CONSCIOUSNESS of Korean Young Students

Wonbong Lee,Gyunyeol Park J-INSTITUTE 2021 Public Value Vol.6 No.2

Purpose: This study complements some of the limitations of the past developed tool for measuring medical ethics consciousness of Korean young students. Method: This study was based on the past tool which was developed according to G. Lind of Germany. The validity process followed the verification procedure of Moral Competence Test (MCT) proposed by G. Lind. To get much higher validation, this study got advices from 3 specialist in the sphere of moral education. Results: This study adopted the result of the past medical ethics consciousness measurement tool. Its whole validation did cover three major processes, preference hierarchy by moral development, affective-cognitive par-allelism test, quasi-simplex structure of inter-correlations between the six moral orientations test by L. Kohlberg. This past tool showed weakness in the point of preference hierarchy test. Especially the tool got some strange situation at 1st stage and 4th stage. To back up this weakness, we made a decision to receive specialists’ advices. So we interviewed 3 people who is professor or research fellow in the sphere of moral education. We could arrived at more advanced level for medical ethics consciousness. Conclusion: This study showed the more advanced medical ethics consciousness tool. Next time it is necessary to generalized through deep research using much broader topics in the medical ethics.

Uprising of ChatGPT and Ethical Problems

Jungbae Bang,Gyunyeol Park J-INSTITUTE 2023 Robotics & AI Ethics Vol.8 No.-

Purpose: This study aims to examine ethical issues following the emergence of ChatGPT, evaluate ChatGPT with a focus on moral competence, and seek ethical solutions. Methods: This study tries to use various literature and various media reports from the East and West dealing with the technology, operation method, and ethical issues of ChatGPT. In the detailed analysis of moral problems following the emergence of ChatGPT, the satisfaction of each element was evaluated based on moral competence, and alternatives were presented. Result: As a result of the study, the ethical issues that can be raised following the emergence of ChatGPT include the possibility of plagiarism and copyright infringement, damage to the fairness of the test, use for criminal purposes, occurrence of social stereotypes and unfair discrimination, invasion of personal privacy and organization's Security exposure, reduced critical thinking, and loss of genuine human relationships. And as a result of evaluating the ethical issues of ChatGPT centering on moral competence, it is evaluated that moral identity, moral sensitivity, and moral practice are possible to implement, but moral judgment is evaluated to have many limitations. In order to solve these ethical problems, a utilitarian approach was proposed. Conclusion: The most optimal decisions and actions related to the design, development, adoption, deployment, maintenance and evolution of ChatGPT should do the most good or the least harm to society. To do this, responsible AI toolkits and frameworks must have an ethical perspective built in, allowing for a balanced view of what is right and wrong. Along with this, a multi-stakeholder approach is needed to create a good AI society.