정상 한국인에서 연령증가에 따른 혈장 Dehydroepiandrosteronesulfate ( DHEA-S ) 농도 및 DHEA - S / cortisol 비의 변화

박성우,유형준,임성희,최문기,유재명,박민숙,이권엽,박철수,김철홍,김현규,김두만,박규용 대한내분비학회 1997 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.12 No.2

Backgroud: DHEA-S is the most abundant steroid hormone in circulation, and primarily secreted from the adrenal cortex, but its physiological role is little known. One of the characteristic features of DHEA-S is progressive decrement of plasma DHEA-S level with advancing age, in contrast, plasma levels of other adrenal hormones are not chaging or littie decreasing. To grasp the trends of plasma DHEA-S level and DHEA-S/cortisol ratio by age in healthy Korean, we measured the plasma DHEA-S levels and DHEA-S/cortisol ratios in healthy Korean. Methods: Healthy Korean(men: 99, women: 102, age range: 15-97 year old)were studied. Subjects were not taking drugs(such as glucocorticoid or androgenic medication) or cigarettes known to modify the plasma level of DHEA-S and cortisol, and had no evidence of hepatic, renal disease or hyperlipidemia as determined by serum lipid, bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, BUN, creatinine. Data were analyzed by 10-year age group for men and women: i.e, 10-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40- 49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, 80-89 and 90 year or more. Plasma DHEA-S levels were measured by using a commercially available RIA kit with 125I labeled-DHEA-SO4(Coat-A Count DHEA-SO4), and for the measurement of plasma cortisol levels, commercial Gamma Coat TM[125I] Cortisol Radioimmunassay Kit was used. Results:. 1) In both men and women, plasma DHEA-S level showed high interindividual variation within the same age group. 2) There were individual sex differences in plasma levels of DHEA-S, in all age groups, plasma DHEA-S levels were significantly higher values for men than for women. 3) Maximum plasma DHEA-S levels(men; 237+-3.35 ug/dL, women; 108+-17.5 ug/dL) were at third decade in both men and women. 4) Both men and women showed the continuous decline in plasma DHEA-S level with age. These age-related decline was more prominent in men than in women(men; y= -3.152 * +292.6, r2= 0.8459, P$lt;0.05, women; y= -1.417 * +143.3, r2 = 0.7278, P$lt; 0.05). 5) As an index of aging, there was no stastical difference between DHEA-S and DHEA- S/cortisol ratio. Conclusion: In healthy Korean, there were high interindividual variation of plasrna DHEA-S levels. In both men and women plasma DHEA-S level was peak at third decade, and from when it declined progressively with age. These results suggest that although the reliability of single plasma DHEA-S measurement are limited, the decline of DHEA-S with advancing age might be a specific marker of endocrinologic hormonal milieu(aging index). Also, concerning to individual adrenal secreting capacity, we measured DHEA-S/cortisol ratio. But we did not found that plasma DHEA-S/cortisol ratio is superior to the plasma DHEA-S level as an aging index. (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 12:245-254, 1997)

단무지 공장에서 발생한 질식 사고의 원인과 방사선학적 소견: 중례보고 및 가스분석 결과

박충기,김만구,김흥철,안범규,박만수,황우철,최철순,강익원 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1994 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.-

목 적:단무지 공장에서 질식사고를 일으켰던 가스의 종류를 알아내고, 이러한 가스중독의 방서선학적 소견을 소개하기 위하여 본 연구를 하였다. 대상 및 방법:단무지 공장에서 발생한 질식 사고자 3예중 생존자 1예를 대상으로 단순흥부X-선검사와 CT 소견을 분석하였으며, 가스의 종류를 알아내기 위하여 단무지를 유리병에 넣어 발생된 가스를 가스크로마토그래픽을 이용하여 분석하였다. 결 과:단무지 공장에서 발생한 질식사고자중 생존한 1명의 방사선학적 검사에서 신속히 호전되는 폐경결(consolidation)을 볼 수 있었으며 이는 폐부종의 소견임을 알 수 있었다. 협기성 상태에서 단무지를 담은 유리병의 상층부 가스를 실험 분석한 결과 이산화탄소, 에칠알코올이 다량으로 검출되었으나 독성가스는 주로 황화수소이였다. 결 론:단무지 공장의 질식 사고자에서 폐방사선학적 소견은 폐경결을 보이는 폐부증으로서 이는 실험을 통해 단무지에서 발생되는 유독가스인 황화수소 때문임을 입증하였다. Purpose: To identify the main toxic gas released from salted radish in rice bran(Dan-M-Ji) and to introduce the radiological findings of the patient who was exposed to the gas. Materials and Methods: Chest radiographs and CT scans of one survivor among three men who were exposed to the gas from Dan-Mu-Ji were reviewed. Gas obtained from the closed bottle containing Dan-Mu-Ji was analized by using the gas chromatography. Results: The radiographlc examinations of the survivor were suggestive of pulmonary edema with it's rapidly improving consolidations in both lung. The headapace gas within the bottle containing Dan-Mu-Ji was mainly composed with carbon dioxide, ethyl alcohol and hydrogen sulfide, of which hydrogen sulfide was considered the main toxic gas released. Conclusion: Under the anaerobic condition, Dan-Mu-Ji released toxic hydrogen sulfide. Inhalation of hydrogen sulfide might produce non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

다공성 LiTi_2(PO_4)_3 Glass-Ceramics에서 기공 크기 제어에 관한 연구

박만규,강원호 단국대학교 신소재기술연구소 1997 신소재 Vol.7 No.-

다공성 LiTi_2(PO_4)_3 Glass-Ceramics에서 Li_2O 함량을 0∼8 mole ratio로 변화시켜 기공의 크기, 기공율 등을 측정·분석하였고, 최적 조성을 선정한 후 분상 열처리 온도와 시간의 변화에 의해 기공의 크기를 제어하였다. Li_2O 함량이 4 mole ratio일 때 16.85%로 가장 큰 기공율을 나타내었으며, 기공의 평균 직경은 약 0.2㎛였다. 열처리 온도와 시간이 증가함에 따라 기공의 크기도 증가하였고, 약 0.01∼0.2㎛까지 기공 크기의 제어가 가능하였다. The variations of pore size and porosity were examined with the Li_2O content from 0 to 8 mole ratio in the porous LiTi_2(PO_4)_3 glass-ceramics. After selection the optimum composition, pore size was controlled by phase separation time and temperature. The porosity was 16.85% and the mean pore diameter was about 0.2 ㎛ when the Li_2O content was 4 mole ratio. The pore size was extended by increasing the phase separation time and temperature. The pore size was able to be controlled from 0.01 to 0.2㎛.

東漢所見特殊語言現象

朴万圭 중국어문연구회 2000 中國語文論叢 Vol.19 No.-

개인의 특성과 검사조건이 신경행동검사의 신뢰도에 미치는 영향

사공준,전만중,성낙정,김규태 大韓産業醫學會 2003 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.15 No.2

목적: 대상자의 특성과 검사조건 중 성, 연령, 교육수준, 컴퓨터 친숙도, 검사간격 및 검사시간대의 차이가 신경행동검사의 재검사 신뢰도에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 방법: 의과대학생 85명(남자 45명, 여자 40명)과 병원근무자 35명(남자 23명, 여자 12명)을 대상으로 연령, 성 교육수준, 컴퓨터 친숙도를 조사하였다. 84명을 1개월 간격, 20명을 1년 간격, 16명을 3년 간격으로 검사 및 재검사를 실시하였으며 65명을 동일한 검사시간대에, 44명을 다른 시간대에 재검사를 실시하였다. 컴퓨터 신경행동검사로는 SPES-K 중 단순반응시간, 숫자더하기, 부호숫자 짝짓기, 숫자외우기 및 손가락 두드리기를, 면접식 신경행동검사 중 Benton 시각기억검사, 숫자부호 짝짓기, 숫자외우기, 목적점찍기 및 핀꽂기의 재검사 신뢰도를 요인에 따라 층화하여 비교하였다. 결과: 컴퓨터 신경행동검사 중 숫자더하기, 부호숫자 짝짓기, 숫자외우기 및 손가락 두드리기의 재검사 신뢰도가 다른 검사에 비해 연령과 성별의 영향을 적게 받았으며 손가락 두드리기의 재검사 신뢰도가 다른 검사항목에 비해 교육수준의 차이의 영향을 적게 받았다. 컴퓨터 신경행동검사항목 중 단순반응시간의 재검사 신뢰도가 다른 검사들에 비해 컴퓨터에 대한 친숙도에 따른 차이가 크게 나타났다. 부호숫자 짝짓기와 손가락 두드리기의 재검사 신뢰도는 다른 검사에 비해 검사간격의 영향을 적게 받았으며 컴퓨터 신경행동검사 중 숫자더하기, 숫자외우기와 손가락 두드리기 및 면접식의 숫자부호 짝짓기의 재검사 신뢰도가 다른 검사들에 비해 검사시간대 차이의 영향을 적게 받았다. 결론: 향후 산업장 근로자들을 대상으로 한 신경행동검사를 선택하는데 있어 면접식 신경행동검사에 비해 컴퓨터 신경행동검사의 재검사 신뢰도가 상대적으로 안정적으로 나타났으며 이는 우리 나라 근로자의 특성과 산업보건제도에 적합한 신경행동검사 배터리의 구성에 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다. Objectives: This study was conducted to select neurobehavioral tests that are more reliable and less affected by subjects characteristics and test conditions. Methods: Five computerized and five traditional neurobehavioral tests and retests were administered to 85 medical school students and 35 hospital workers. The computerized tests consisted of the Simple Reaction Time, Addition, Symbol Digit, Digit Span, and Finger Tapping Speed, while the traditional tests comprised the Benton Visual Retention test, Digit Symbol, Digit Span, Pursuit Aiming, and pegboard. In addition, the effects of various factors on the reliability of the neurobehavioral tests, including age, sex, educational level, computer familiarity, test intervals, and test time of day, were also evaluated. Results: Among the computerized neurobehavioral tests, the reliability of Addition, Symbol Digit, Digit Span, and Finger Tapping Speed were not affected significantly by age, sex, test interval, or computer familiarity. It was found that Finger Tapping Speed is not affected by educational level. When the time of retest was incongruous with the time of the first test, test-retest reliability was lower in most neurobehavioral tests except computerized Addition, Digit Span, and Finger Tapping Speed, and traditional Digit Symbol. Conclusions: These results suggest that the computerized Addition, Symbol Digit, Digit Span, and Finger Tapping Speed, and the traditional Digit Symbol are more satisfactory for our purposes. These results should facilitate selection of the most appropriate tests for periodical evaluation of the central nervous system of workers exposed to neurotoxic substances in Korea.

大邱地域 中小企業의 效率的인 技術開發 方案에 관한 硏究

全瑨文,張晩植,尹在坤,金圭昌,李栽燁,朴筍植,黃建夏 효성여자대학교 산업경영연구소 1988 경영경제 Vol.5 No.-

For modern business firms, the most important factor in determining comprtitiveness of a firm is technology, rather than capital. Technogical innovation is a driving force to develop an economy and is essential in growth and/or survival of a business firm. Following studies concerned with this subject, small business firms seem to be more efficient in technological innovation and developing new technology in several respects. Espercially in the new technology based industries, the small business firms have several advantages in technological innovation. In this study, we tried to show how to plan a technology development strategy in relation to management strategy when small business of theoretical and empirical study, we aimed to show the way to efficient management and procedure of technological innovation. For the research methodology, we firstly reviewed and analyzed current and previous studies about technological innovation strategy, efficient management, and selection of R&D projects. Secondly, the results of this theoretical study was examined empirically. The empirical study contains 153 questionaires and 30 interviews for business firms of this area. In addition, for the evaluation criteria for the selection of R&D projects, we sent questionaires to 60 professors who teaches R&D OR in university or college level. The result of these questionaires was analyzed and compared with that of the business firms of this area. The result of this empirical study shows that top management of small business firms should notice the importance of technological innovation and try to stimulate R&D activity. For the evaluation criteria for R&D projection, the criteria which could reduce the possibility of future uncertainty, maximize profit, and he suited for the situation of the business firm, should be established.

식중독균 항원(Salmonella typhimurium)에 의한 계란항체(IgY) 생산성과 항체특성 및 항균효과

백경연,손규목,배만종,백반석,한준표 경산대학교 생명자원개발연구소 1999 생명자원과 산업 Vol.3 No.-

본 연구는 식중독균을 항원으로 하여 산란계에 면역시킨 후 계란 항체(IgY)의 생산 가능성을 검토하고, 그 항체의 특성과 항균성을 조사하고자 실시하였다. 그 방법으로는 항원으로 사용된 Salmonella typhimurium(ATCC 14028) 등을 incomplete Freund's adjuvant와 동량으로 혼합하여 면역시킨 후 10주간 생산된 계란을 수집하여, 계란항체(IgY)의 분리 및 식중독균 항원에 대한 항체의 특성, 항균성, 생화학적 특성을 측정하였다. S. typhimurium 항원에 면역된 산란계의 계란항체(IgY)생산 및 증가를 측정한 결과, 산란계가 이들 항원에 면역반응을 일으켜 2주 후 혈청과 난황에서 각각 normal군에 비하여 뚜렷한 항체가 생성능을 보였으며, 혈청내의 IgG생성에 비하여 계란항체(IgY)의 생성이 다소 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 혈청 및 난황내의 단백질 함량은 normol군에 비하여 약간 높은 경향을 나타내어 산란계의 혈청 및 난황내의 단백질이 이들 항원에 의하여 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. DEAE-Sephacel column을 통과한 fraction은 두 개의 peak를 나타내었다. 각 fraction의 IgY농도를 ELISA법으로 확인한 결과 두 번째 peak에서 대부분 측정되었다. 분리 정제된 IgY의 분자량을 SDS-polyacrylamide 전기영동법으로 측정한 결과, heavy chain 72∼75KD, light chain 30∼40KD정도였다. Anti-S. typhimurium 항체의 온도에 대한 활성은 60℃에서 30분 가열시 91.5%, 65℃에서 15분 가열시 각각 73.2%의 활성도를 나타내었으며, 80℃에서 15분간 가열시는 거의 활성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. pH에 대한 안정성은 pH 7부터 pH 4까지는각각 98.7%의 활성도를 유지하다가 pH 3부터 급격히 감소하여, pH 2에서는 9.6%로 거의 활성도를 나타내지 않았다. 항균활성을 응집가, 생균수, disc diffusion susceptibility test 등으로 측정한 결과 anti-S. typhimurium 항체의 항균활성도는 매우 미약하게 나타났다. 이상의 결과에서, 본 실험에서 사용된 IgY는 항원에 대한 특이성 및 생화학적 특성 등을 고려해 볼 때 앞으로 식중독균 제거 및 예방 치료뿐만 아니라 식품산업 소재, 각종 질병예방을 위한 의약품 소재, 연구용 kit와 진단용 kit 및 축산분야 등 여러 분야에 응용될 수 있으리라 기대된다. This study was carried out to investigated to get a industrial information from discussion about productive a possibility if IgY antibody, antimicrobial activity and properties of IgY antibody in egg yolk. Immunoglobulin Y in egg yolk and immunoglobulin G in serum were obtained from gens which were immunized with Salmonella typhimurium(ATCC14028). These antibody titers were evaluated in serum and egg yolk by ELISA. After the initial immunization the anti-Salmonella typhimurium IgY antibody level gradually were decreased from firth week to tenth week. On the other hand, the antibody level in the serum were increased from the first week, reaching its peak in the sixth week. The residual antibody activities of IgY were 91.5% after heating for 30min at 60℃. At the same time, were 73.2% after heating 15min at 65℃ and decreased vapidly at 70℃ and little antibody activity was left after heating for 15min at 80℃. When the prepared IgY was stable from pH 7 to 4 and remained to 69.8% at pH 3, respectively.

α-Alkyl N-Benzylaspartates의 합성

이채호,이만구,채규윤 圓光大學校 基礎自然科學硏究所 1986 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.5 No.2

Synthesis of α-alkyl N-benzylates from maleic anhydride is described. Maleic anhydride was transformed into monoalkyl maleates which were treated which benzylamine to afford β-alkyl N-benzylaspartates(alkyl=methyl and benzyl). Base hydrolysis of these esters and subsequent treatment of the resulting carboxylic acid with HBr in AcOH produced N-benzylaspartic anhydride hydrobromide. Alcoholysis of this salts in methanol and benzyl alchol yielded α-methyl N-benzyl-aspartate and α-benzyl N-benzylaspartate, respectively.

전류형 능동필터를 위한 전압제어형 델타변조방식의 해석

신우석,최규하,정만규 건국대학교 산업기술연구원 1994 건국기술연구논문지 Vol.19 No.-

This paper describes voltage-controlled delta-modulation scheme for active power filters, which is to control the harmonic-compensating current indirectly by adjusting the capacitor voltage to be sinusoidal. The overall control system has two feedback loops : one is the outer proportional feedback for loop regulating the de current of the active filter and the other is the inner feedback loop for maintaining the ac current waveform to be sinusoidal, and to have zero power factor angle(i. e. unity power factor). The characteristics of the proposed scheme are investigated by digital simulation using ACSL.

장기입원환자 관리 방해요인

이경석,윤석만,권희,이호,김혜경,조미자,한규남,김명성 순천향의학연구소 2003 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.9 No.1

Background: Recently the health insurance review agency tried to cut off the cost of unnecessary hospital stay. It is important to reduce the prolonged occupation of the hospital beds. However, there are some obstacles of the management for the prolonged bed occupation. We report our experiences and the problems of bed-control. Methods: To increase the rate of effective bed-usage, a task force was made. This team was consisted of 4 dctors, 2 nurses and 2 personnel of the administrative department. From December 20th 2001 to May 17th 2002, the task force analysed the rate, number and causes of the prolonged (more than 60 days, regardless of the disease entities) bed occupation. We announced and explained the necessity of bed-control and actively pressed to reduce the prolonged bed occupation. Results: The number of the prolonged bed occupation was 71 at the beginning of the management. It was reduced to 46 at best, then turned back to 65 at the end. It seems to be impossible to reduce the prolonged bed occupation until there are sufficient numbers of long-term care facilities. Aggressive bed control makes the sick patients to move every two or three months, it is never desirable. Conclusion: We cannot expect any Quality Improvements without improvement of the wrong system. Prior to the management for the prolonged bed occupation, it is necessary to build a sufficient number of long-term care facilities.