Evaluation for Impacts of Nitrogen Source to Groundwater Quality in Livestock Farming Area

Gyeong-Mi Lee,Sunhwa Park,Ki-In Kim,Sang-Ho Jeon,Dahee Song,Deok-hyun Kim,Tae-Seung Kim,Seong-Taek Yun,Hyen Mi Chung,Hyun-Koo Kim 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.5

We investigated 52 livestock farming complexes in Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces based on low, medium, and high livestock density and groundwater quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate a relationship between nitrate N concentration in groundwater and animal factors, such as livestock density and animal species. 2,200 groundwater samples for 3 years from 2012 to 2014 at Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces were collected and analyzed for pH, EC, DO, ORP, temperature, major anions and cations, such as NO₃-N, HCO₃<SUP>-</SUP>, PO₄<SUP>-</SUP>, SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP>, Cl<SUP>-</SUP>, NH₄-N, K<SUP>+</SUP>, Na<SUP>+</SUP>, Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>, Mg<SUP>2+</SUP>, T-N, and TOC. Average concentration of total N for generated load density was 23,973 g day<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-2</SUP> for cattle, 51,551 g day<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-2</SUP> for pig, and 52,100 g day<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-2</SUP> for poultry. For animal feeding species, average ratio for generated load over discharge load was 16.1% for cattle, 7.8% for pig, and 7.1% for poultry. Therefore, cattle feeding region is highly vulnerable for water pollution compared to pig and poultry feeding areas. The concentrations of chloride, nitrate, and total N in the groundwater samples were higher at high animal farming regions than other regions. The average concentration of nitrate, and chloride in groundwater samples was 5.0 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 16.6 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for low livestock density, 6.9 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 17.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for medium livestock density and 7.6 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 22.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for high livestock density and total nitrogen (T-N) was 7.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for low livestock density, 9.4 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for medium livestock density, 10.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for high livestock density. In conclusion, based on this research, for managing groundwater quality near livestock farming regions, Ca-(Cl+NO₃) group from the Piper diagram is more efficient than using 19 factors for water quality standard.

Evaluation for Impacts of Nitrogen Source to Groundwater Quality in Livestock Farming Area

Lee, Gyeong-Mi,Park, Sunhwa,Kim, Ki-In,Jeon, Sang-Ho,Song, Dahee,Kim, Deok-hyun,Kim, Tae-Seung,Yun, Seong-Taek,Chung, Hyen Mi,Kim, Hyun-Koo 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.5

We investigated 52 livestock farming complexes in Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces based on low, medium, and high livestock density and groundwater quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate a relationship between nitrate N concentration in groundwater and animal factors, such as livestock density and animal species. 2,200 groundwater samples for 3 years from 2012 to 2014 at Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces were collected and analyzed for pH, EC, DO, ORP, temperature, major anions and cations, such as $NO_3-N$, ${HCO_3}^-$, ${PO_4}^-$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, $Cl^-$, $NH_4-N$, $K^+$, $Na^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, T-N, and TOC. Average concentration of total N for generated load density was $23,973g\;day^{-1}\;km^{-2}$ for cattle, $51,551g\;day^{-1}\;km^{-2}$ for pig, and $52,100g\;day^{-1}\;km^{-2}$ for poultry. For animal feeding species, average ratio for generated load over discharge load was 16.1% for cattle, 7.8% for pig, and 7.1% for poultry. Therefore, cattle feeding region is highly vulnerable for water pollution compared to pig and poultry feeding areas. The concentrations of chloride, nitrate, and total N in the groundwater samples were higher at high animal farming regions than other regions. The average concentration of nitrate, and chloride in groundwater samples was $5.0mg\;L^{-1}$, $16.6mg\;L^{-1}$ for low livestock density, $6.9mg\;L^{-1}$, $17.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for medium livestock density and $7.6mg\;L^{-1}$, $22.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for high livestock density and total nitrogen (T-N) was $7.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for low livestock density, $9.4mg\;L^{-1}$ for medium livestock density, $10.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for high livestock density. In conclusion, based on this research, for managing groundwater quality near livestock farming regions, $Ca-(Cl+NO_3)$ group from the Piper diagram is more efficient than using 19 factors for water quality standard.

결핵균항원에 대한 폐결핵환자의 임파구 증식반응에 관한 연구

백태현,김준배,박정규,김화중,조은경,최대경 충남대학교부설 생명공학연구소 1992 생물공학연구지 Vol.2 No.-

T lymphocytes are thought to play a central role in cell mediated immune response. To study the T lymphocyte proliferative response to purified 30-kDa antigen from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBL) isolated from healthy controls and tuberculosis patients were stimulated with the 30-kDa antigen, crude antigen and PHA. Healthy controls and tuberculosis patients were divided into PPD(+), PPD(-) groups and AFB(-), AFB(+) groups, respectively. PBL proliferation were determined by the ^3H-thymidine incorporation assay and MTT colorimetric assay. PBL proliferation with 30-kDa and crude protein antigens measured by both methods were almost identical(r=0.74, p<0.001). The lymphocyte proliferation to 30-kDa antigen and crude antigen were singnificantly increased in PPD(+) healthy controls and tuberculosis patients when compared to those in PPD(-) controls, but response to PHA was no significant difference. Analysis to T cell subsets of proliferated lymphocytes performed by the indirect immunoalkaline phosphatase techniques were no difference between not only healthy controls and patients groups, but also stimulated antigen or PHA, and especially, at all groups, the percentage of T8 cell was higher than that of T4 cell.

환경영향평가와 환경관리의 연계구조

김태경 경인여자대학 1994 경인논집 Vol.- No.3

환경영향평가가 우리나라에서 시행되기 시작한 것은 1982년부터이므로 10년의 세월이 더 지났다. 지난 1993년 6월 개정된 최근의 환경영향평가법에 보면 그 동안에 있어왔던 제도적인 결함들일 많이 보완되어 이제는 제도적으로는 환경영향평가에 크게 걸림이 되지 않는 상황이다. 그러나 환경영향평가가 가지는 근본적인 속성과 사회구조적인 특성들을 살펴보면 그 어떤 제도적 보완이 이루어지더라도 현계를 넘지 못할 구조를 발견할 수 있게 된다. 그 대표적인 것의 첫째가 과학적 평가에 대한 과신에서 오는 구조적 특성이며, 둘째가 환경관리의 연계구조로서의 환경영향평가가 이루어지지 못하고 있다는 것이다. 바로 이런 관점이 필자가 가지는 문제의식이며 이를 극복하기위해서는 개발행위에 대한 악영향을 인간의 눈으로 평가하려고만 들지말고, 그 개발사업이 얼마나 자연과의 조화를 이룰 수 있는 행위인가를 심사하는 방법으로 환경영향평가 개념이 바뀌어져야 할 것이라는 것이 필자의 주장이다. 또한, 환경관리와의 연계를 함으로써 이것이 환경관리의 한 수단이 되기위해서는 환경에 대한 기본 조사를 생태계와 수질, 대기분야등 각 부문별로 나누어 철저한 기초조사가 선행되어야 평가를 하더라도 평가 당사자들이 경각심을 가지고 엄중한 평가를 할 수 있을 뿐만아니라 이 영향평가를 누가 보더라도 객관적인 근거를 가지게 될 것이라고 생각한다. 그러나 현재는 우리의 환경에 대해서 기초 실태를 아무도 자신있게 말할 수 있는 상태가 아니므로 너도 모르고 나도 모르는 식이 되어 있다. 따라서 어는 누구도 평가 당사자에게 경각심을 가지게끔 할 수 없는 구조이다. 또한 그 평가가 진정 생태계의 영향을 제대로 본 것인지도, 이같은 상황에서는 증거가 불충분하고 더 나아가서는 환경관리의 기본정책과도 연계가 되지 않는다. 그 동안 우리 사회에서 이루어졌던 환경영향평가는 심지어 주변 생태자원에 대한 조사 부문은 일제 때나 조사해 놓은 해당지역의 동,식물 기본자료등을 컴퓨터에 입력시켜놓고 환경영향평가때마다 이를 그대로 빼내어 쓴다는 말이 공공연하게 나돈 적도 있다. 이런 상황에서의 환경영향평가란 정말 모든 생태 환경을 망가트리는 면죄부에 불과한 것이다. 이 글을 통하여 환경영향평가가 가지는 구조적 속성을 밝히고 환경영향평가가 결코 개발행위에 대한 우리의 최선의 선택이 아님을 밝히어 보고자 한다. 이는 장차 이런 환경영향평가의 구조를 개선해 보고자 함이다.

경찰조직에서 TQM의 적용방안에 관한 이론적 고찰

김경태 한국경찰학회 2004 한국경찰학회보 Vol.6 No.2

최근 각국에서는 민간경영에 적용되는 관리기법들을 공공부문에 도입하고자 하는 신공공관리에 기초한 이른바 신경찰관리를 향한 개혁이 모색되고 있다. 특히 미국을 중심으로 하여 관심을 받고 있는 것이 '경영행정', '고객만족', '지속적 개선활동' 등 공공부문에의 TQM의 적용이라고 할 수 있다. 국내에서도 TQM이 경찰조직에 적용될 경우 경찰조직이 제공하는 서비스에 대하여 외부고객인 국민의 만족을 충족시킴은 물론 내부고객인 고성원들의 사기를 높여 지속적인 개혁을 통한 경찰의 질도 향상된다고 할 수 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 TQM에 대한 이론적 고찰을 통하여 적용의 필요성과 적용과정을 살펴봄으로써 향후 경찰조직에서 TQM의 적용방안에 대해서 제시하였다. In case of our country, todays police administration is facing demands from people on qualitative improvement of the police service and a new police reform in police function under externally changing police peace environment. Therefore, at present momentum, it is thought to be very appropriate to introduce TQM in police organization when the internal and external change movement is taking place, and the police officers preparatory posture to receive the reform is formed, though it is passive. When TQM is successfully introduced and applied, it would raise the morale of the member of the inner customer as well as fulfill the satisfaction of the people who are the external customers of the service that police organization provides. As a result it may also improve the quality of the police administration through continuous reform. Accordingly, this thesis observed theoretical part between influential factors in the event of applying TQM to the police organization and will suggest the reasonable and systemic enforcement direction to the police organization, planning or pushing forward the introduction of TQM in order to activate the policing through applying TQM in our country.

결핵성 수막염 환자의 뇌척수액에서 결핵균 30-kDa항원에 대한 항체반응

백태현,박재하,김화중,조은경,최대경 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1992 충남의대잡지 Vol.19 No.1

Rapid diagnostic tests for tuberculous meningitis are urgently needed because delayed treatment increase the already high mortality rate of this disease. In this study, the 30-kDa protein antigen that purified from the unheated culture filtrate of M. tuberculosis H_37Rv was examined for its diagnostic usefulness in detecting mycobacterial antibody in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) by the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and Western blot. The mean ELISA values of IgG antibody activity to 30-kDa antigen in CSF of 12 patients with tuberculous meningitis and 17 non tuberculous patients were 0.479±0.245 and 0.051±0.024, and for the IgM antibody, were 0.375±0.223 and 0.065±0.039, respectibely. The sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 94% for IgG antibody, and 75% and 94% for IgM antibody, respectively. Western blot analysis was the same as that results of ELISA. In the positive determination, however, Western blot could be easily determined by the demonstration of distinct band of 30-kDa molecule. From the above results, it is suggested that the 30-kDa antigen is useful for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis, and Western blot shows promise as a useful immunological method for the diagnosis.

결핵균 30-kDa와 32-kDa 단백항원의 분리정제와 마우스 비장세포 증식에 미치는 영향

백태현,오명주,김화중,조은경,박정규,최대경 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1993 충남의대잡지 Vol.20 No.1

Identification and characterization of individual components of M.tuberculosis have long been a focus of research on tuberculosis. The 30-kDa and 32-kDa antigens are major constituents of M bovis BCG and M. tuberculosis culture fluids. Because 30-kDa and 32-kDa antigens are partially identical, these antigens are difficult to purify in large amounts by biochemical techniques. This study was performed to purify the 30-kDa and 32-kDa antigens complexes primarily purified by 50% ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydroxylapatite chromatography and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration. And then further purification for separation of the two antigens was accomplished on preparative isoelectric focusing. Recovery of 30-kDa and 32-kDa antigens during above the purification procedures were 28% and 14%, respectively, and 147.0 and 59.8-fold purification were showed, respectively. On silver stained SDS-PAGE gels, the purified 32-kDa antigen gave a single band at 32-kDa molecule, while 30-kDa antigen gave one major band at 30-kDa molecule and faint additional band at 32-kDa. The pI of 30kDa-and 32-kDa antigens were 4.3 and 4.6, respectively. The partial identity between these two antigens was observed through the same pattern of reactivity of antigens in the ELISA and precipitation pattern of immunodiffusion. We also examined the immunological activities of both purified antigens by splenocyte proliferation of BCG-infected mice. Proliferative response to the 30-kDa and 32-kDa antigens did not show significant difference. However, macrophage-like cells existed in spleen cells from BCG-infected mice were involved in the suppression of the proliferative response to mycobacterial antigen. These results suggest that the 30-kDa and 32-kDa antigens could be effectively purified by the IEF and reactions of partial identity between the two antigens were found. However, 30-kDa antigen was the more immunogenic antigen than 32-kilodalton.

수체에서 Phosphorus의 동태에 관한 고찰 : 내부오염원을 중심으로 In case of Sediment and its Circumference

金台坰 경인여자대학 1992 경인논집 Vol.- No.1

MTT비색법에 의한 결핵균 30-kDa항원이 임파구 증식에 미치는 영향

백태현,김민경,박정규,김화중,조은경,최대경 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1991 충남의대잡지 Vol.18 No.1

The cell mediated immune response appears to result from the specific recognition of an antigen. by T lymphocytes. It has been well recognized that T cell play an important roles in the induction of tuberculin hypersensitivity and immunity to tuberculosis. In order to evaluate effect on T lymphocyte proliferative response to purified 30-kDa antigen from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, stimulation effects of peripheral blood lymphocytes with 30-kDa antigen, crude antigen and PHA were measured by MTT colorimetric assay. Three groups of healthy subjects, representing PPD(+), PPD() and PPD(-) persons, were investigated. The proliferative response to 30-kDa antigen were elicited the plateau at concentration of 20 to 0.1㎍/ml, crude antigen showed rapid reduction as decreasing the concentration of antigen, for the PPD(+) person. Both antigens, at concentration of <1㎍/ml, failed to stimulate lymphocytes of the PPD(-) person. Therefore the concentration of 30-kDa antigen to induce optimal stimulation was 1㎍/ml. The lymphocyte proliferation to 30-kDa antigen and crude antigen were significantly increased in PPD(+) group when compared to those in PPD(-) group, but PHA response was no significant difference. These results suggest that 30-kDa antigen could stimulate lymphocyte from PPD(+) population and MTT colorimetric assay could be applied to assess proliferative response of lymphocyte.

氣 發生器에 대한 기초적인 연구 : SY 201을 중심으로

김경철,이용태 동의대학교 한의학연구소 1999 동의한의연구 Vol.3 No.-

In order to study of the oriental medical engineering, the Qigong infrasound treatment apparatus is analysed. The result is followed; 1. SY-201 type Qigong infrasound treatment apparatus is composed oscillator, amp, transducer. 2. The Qi production process is analyzed that EM wave changed wave of superlow frequency and penetrated the human body deeply.