조선후기 영남지역 노론계 가문의 분포와 서원 건립 추이

채광수 ( Chae Gwang-su ) 한국서원학회 2019 한국서원학보 Vol.8 No.-

영남의 노론은 크게 전통적인 노론 사족 가문과 노론을 표방하며 등장한 신향층 두 가지 유형으로 구분할 수 있다. 먼저 전자의 대략적인 지표를 제시해 주는 것은 1738년(영조 14) 정언 이수해가 안동 김상헌 서원 재 건립을 요청한 상소에서 영남 내 대표적인 서인 명문가들을 언급한 내용을 통해 일단의 단서를 찾을 수 있다. 그는 영남 최고의 노론 명문인 덕수이문 일원으로 열거한 대개의 가문들과 긴밀한 혼반을 구축하고 있었다. 이 가문의 통혼권 특징을 요약하면, 17세기에는 기호지역 서인 가문들과 주로 혼인하면서도 영남지역 사족가문과도 혼인을 매개로 노론 확산에 큰 역할을 하였다. 18세기에도 앞 시기와 유사한 흐름 속에서 상대적으로 통혼권이 더 확대되어 영남지역 내 가문들과의 혼인 비중이 높아졌다. 즉 영남 내 同色이 증가했음을 의미한다. 검토할 영남 노론계 서원 건립 흐름도 바로 이와 같은 환경 속에서 이루어졌다. 물론 여기에는 18세기 영남 사회의 변화 속에 관권의 비호를 받은 신향 세력의 부상도 큰 몫을 차지했다. 조선후기 영남 서인계 원사는 노론계 60개소[당파, 문중], 소론계 2개소, 노·소론계 공존 1개소로 총 63개소이다. 이들 가운데 중간에 승원한 곳이 대다수였으며, 지역별로는 38개 군현에 분포했고, 좌도가 우도에 비교해 앞서 있었다. 건립 시기는 18세기의 비율이 가장 높았으며, 대구부·상주목·경주부·성주목 대읍에 그 숫자가 높게 나왔다. 이중 사액 원사는 6개소이고, 대원군 원사 훼철 당시에는 2개만이 존치되었다. 영남 노론계 원사 제향인의 성격은 ①당파 ②문중 인물 ③충절인으로 구분할 수 있는데 이중 ①이 핵심이다. 당파 관련 인물은 노·소론 분당 이전 서인계 인물 6명, 노론계 29명, 소론계 5명, 기타 1명순이었다. 이들의 제향 배경을 점검한 결과 지방관 15개소, 유배 관련 14개소, 장루지지(杖屢之地) 5개소, 은거 2개소, 문인·입향조·지명·처향 각 1개소, 미상 5개소로 확인이 되었다. 합천 출신 윤봉구문인 최남두를 제외하면 영남인은 전무했다. 제향인은 송시열 제향 원사가 14개소로 가장 많았고, 이이와 주자 ⇒ 김상헌·김창집·윤봉구 등의 순으로 파악되었다. 문중관련 인물을 제향 한 노론계 서원은 14개 가문에서 16개소가 건립되었으며, 충절인을 제향 한 원사는 5개소가 건립이 되었다. The Noron of Youngnam may largely be classified in two types; The traditional Noron (a political faction during the Joseon Dynasty) in well-established family and the newly emerging party by claim to be Noron. First of all, the outlined indications of the former was presented by Jeonon Lee Su-hae in 1738 (the 14th year of King Youngjo's reign) with his petition to request the re-establishment of Andong Kim Sang-heon Seowon with the content that mentioned about the representative Seoin (a political faction during the Joseon Dynasty) of distinguished families in Youngnam in a way of finding the clue. He had established close relationship made in marriage with the most of families listed as members of Deoksu Lee Family, the top echelon well -established family in Youngnam. By summarizing the characteristics of the regional territory of marriage for the family, they had a significant role to disperse Noron's principle by mainly married to the Seoin families in the preferred area during the 17th century while taking the marriage with the well-established families in the Youngnam area as its medium. In the 18th century, under the similar flow to the earlier-mentioned period, the regional territory of marriage was even more expanded relatively that the ratio of marriage with the families in the Youngnam area was heightened. In other words, It implies that the same color in Youngnam had increased. The flow of establishing the Seowon of Youngnam Noron-line to be reviewed is made under such environment. Obviously, the emergence of the newly emerged people that had the protection of government authority under the transition of the Youngnam society in the 18th century made significant contribution. The Youngnam Seoin-line Wonsa in the later part of Joseon had 60 places of Noron-line [political faction, family], 2 places of Soron(a political faction during the Joseon Dynasty)-line, 1 co-existing place of Noron and Soron-line for a total of 63 places. Among them, most of them were the places for Buddhism in the middle, and they were scattered in 38 guns and hyeons for each area, and Jwado (one of the two regions formed by splitting a province) was comparatively ahead of Wudo (one of the two regions formed by splitting a province). The establishment period had the highest ratio in the 18th century and the figure was shown to be high in Daegu-bu, Sangju-mok, Gyeongju-bu, Seongju-mok Dae-eup. Among them, the bestowed Wonsa was in 6 places and only two were retained at the time of the damage by Daewon-gun Wonsa. The characteristics of Youngnam Noron-line Wonsa ritual personnel may be classified for ① political faction, ② family personnel, and ③ men of fidelity and the above ① is the core aspect. As for the political faction related personnel, there were 6 Seoin-line persons, 29 Noron-line persons, 5 Soron-line persons, and one person prior to the split of Noron and Soron. As a result of checking out the background of their ritual service, it is confirmed to be 15 places of local government office, 14 places related to exile, 5 places of Janglujiji, 2 places of seclusion, 1 place each for literary man, iphyangjo (persons settled in a new place), land name and religious service for ancestors, 5 unknown places. With the exception of Yoon Bong-goo from Hapcheon and literary man Choi Nam-doo, there was no one from Youngnam. For the sacrificial rite personnel, the Song Si-yeol Ritual Service Wonsa had the most for 14 places, followed by Yi Yi and Zhu Xi, Kim Sang-heon, Kim Chang-jip and Yoon Bong-goo. The Noron-line Seowon that ritual service for the family related persons shows 14 families with the establishment of 16 places and the Wonsa that men of fidelity with sacrificial rite had 5 places established.

Superconductivity의 Boson적 양상에 관하여

張光秀 嶺南大學校附設 基礎科學硏究所 1981 基礎科學硏究 Vol.1 No.-

Generalization of the elementary excitation in the displaced harmonic oscillator is applied to the theory of the excited states of superconductor. With no further approximation, Bardeen-Cooper-Schieffer's energy gap spectrum is shown and the famous Bogoliubov-Valtatin transformation is represented. In virtue of performing a transformation of creation and annihilation operators for phonons and electrons as indicated by interaction picture, deriving interaction between electrons on the basis of Froehlich's Hamiltonian is succeeded in.

Azathioprine에 반응을 보인 류마티양 관절염에 의한 경막염(Pachymeningitis)1예

배광봉,이정호,이정찬,곽상혁,강정현,김철희,김현수,김종숙,조덕연,김삼용 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1999 충남의대잡지 Vol.26 No.1

Rheumatoid arthritis frequently involves the cervical spine and may lead to neurologic impairement. However, direct involvement of CNS structures by inflammatory cells has been reported infrequently. The prevalence of this complication of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown. Inflammatory CNS involvement in rheumatoid arthritis reportedly occurs in the setting of longstanding, active, erosive articular disease and is accompanied by extracranial and extraspinal nodules and vasculitis. This is diagnosed by radiologic finding of CNS nodules or meningeal thickening and by biopsy or autopsy. Treatment with corticosteroid, cytotoxic agent or surgical decompression is helpful. But the majority of patients die within several months of onset of neurologic symptom. Recently, we experienced a case of pachymeningitis caused by rheumatoid arthritis, which resolved repeatedly with azathioprine treatment.

단기간의 저용량 Cytosine arabinoside 치료에 반응하였던 Down 증후군에 병발한 급성골수성백혈병 1례

김현수,이정호,이정찬,강정현,곽상혁,김철희,배광봉,김종숙,조덕연,김삼용 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

The incidence of hematologic disorders in patients with Down's syndrome is significantly increased, about 14∼30 - fold higher than in general population and includes neonatal transient abnormal myelopoieis and acute leukemias. The age of onset of leukemia in Down's syndrome is peaking first in the newborn period and then under 4 years of age. Down's syndrome with acute leukemia above the age of 20 is very rare and it's treatment oucome is unclear. The treatment of Down's syndrome with leukemia has been controversial because of toxicity and associated congenital cardiac and other abnormalities. But if treated adequately, children with Down's syndrome show a favorable response to anti-leukemia therapy. A 24-year-old man with Down's syndrome was first seen for the evaluation of anemia and thrombocytopenia. The peripheral blood morphology and bone marrow study revealed acute myelogenous leukemia, cytogenetic study of bone marrow showed trisomy 21. Beacuse of his sicioeconomic condition and medical abnormalities including deafness, visual loss, he was treated with low dose subcutaneous cytosine arabinoside(Ara-C) for 11 days. Complete remission was obtained after 37 days. The complete remission lasted for 5 months. He subsequently relapsed, and died 6 months later.

고전동경분포함수의일반론에대하여(제3부)

장광수,안준,박병도 嶺南大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1992 基礎科學硏究 Vol.12 No.-

This is a further study subsequent to the authors previous study(Part Ⅰ and Part Ⅱ). In this study, we are concerned with obtaining the characteristics of the function f and, then, showing the theoretical g curve.

동적 Ising 모형의 Monte Carlo 연구

송영수,안준,장광수 嶺南大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1993 基礎科學硏究 Vol.13 No.-

eThis study is mainly concerned with discussing the basic ideas in applying the Monte Carlo(MC) method to the dynamic critical phenomena and finding the dynamic MC solution of two dimensional kinetic Ising model or Glauber model. In conclusion, we believe that kinetic Ising model constitute resonable approximations to a surprising variety of physical system.

Se/CS₂용액으로 처리한 n-GaAs 표면의 Photoreflectance 특성에 관한 연구

장광수,김인수,배인호,한병국,이정열 嶺南大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1997 基礎科學硏究 Vol.17 No.-

The surface of of n-GaAs(100) was treated using 1.5㎎/100ml solution of Se/CS₂. The passivation of the surface of this sample was investigated by photoreflectance(PR) experiment. After the surface treatment, the samples were annealed between 300 to 700 ℃ in a N₂atmosphere for 10 min. From the obtained Franz-Keldysh oscillations, we have evaluated the surface electric field(E?) and built-in voltage(V??). The density of surface states(Q??) and surface Fermi level(E??) of n-GaAs treated with CS₂and Se/CS₂solution were determined 1.78 ×10??㎝?? , 1.81×10?㎝? and 0.734 eV, 0.737 eV, respectively. After annealed at 600 ℃, These values were about 45% and 13% smaller than those in unannealed samples. It has found that the passivation of surface occured when the surface of the sample had been treated with Se/CS₂ solution and annealed from 400 to 600 ℃. This is ascribed to effects due to activation of elemental Se on the surface.

유체역학모델을 이용한 울산만의 조류 및 잔차류 시뮬레이션

김광수 목포해양대학교 해사산업기술연구소 1996 심포지움강연논집 Vol.2 No.2

The tidal currents and residual flows in Ulsan Bay were simulated and reproduced by a hydrodynamic model in order to prepare for the application to various real aspects such as the evaluations of coastal development, the constructions of breakwater and marine facilities, and navigation safety at sea, the prediction of pollutant distribution in water, and the monitoring or prediction of oil spill movement on sea surface. Comparing the computed with the observed tidal currents and residual flows in Ulsan Bay, the results of simulation of simulation were found to be good enough to satisfy the real applications.

탄산음료에 의해 부식된 법랑질 표면변화에 대한 증례발표

김수연,박재홍,김광철,최영철 大韓小兒齒科學會 2008 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.35 No.3

현대 사회에서 증가하고 있는 산성 음료의 소비는 치아 부식의 원인으로 주목받고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 산성 음료와 산부식 용액,산성 음료 적용 후 칫솔질,산성 음료 적용 후 우유,타액, Tooth Mousse^(ⓡ) 의 적용이 치아 법랑질 표면 재광화에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 사람 소구치의 치관 시편을 제작하여 각각을 적용시킨 후 scanning electron micrograph (SEM)를 촬영 한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Coca-Cola와 Chilsung-Cider의 산도는 FineEtch 37과 self-etching primer인 Tyrian™SPE의 산도보다 높았다. 2. Coca-Cola,Chilsung-Cider, FineEtch 37, Tyrian™SPE를 적용한 후 촬영한 SEM 사진에서 법랑질 표면의 부식된 양상을 비교한 결과 Coca-Cola와 Chilsung-Cider의 산부식 정도가 나머지 둘의 산부식 정도보다 낮은 양상을 보였다. 3. Coca-Cola. Chilsung-Cider를 적용한 후 우유,타액, Tooth Mousse^(ⓡ)를 적용시키고 촬영한 SEM 결과 모두 비슷한 양상을 보였으며 이는 부식된 법랑질 표면보다 덜 부식된 양상을 보였다. 4. Coca-Cola를 적용시킨 다음 칫솔질한 후와 Coca-Cola. 타액,칫솔질의 순서로 적용한 후 촬영한 SEM 결과,타액을 적용시킨 법랑질의 표면이 덜 부식된 양상을 보였다. It is widely believed that the increase in the prevalence of dental erosion is due to soft drinks. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of soft drinks and etchant on the erosion of tooth enamel and the effect of tooth brushing on the abrasion of eroded enamel, and the effect of milk, saliva and Tooth Mousse"' on the remineralization. The changes in tooth enamel surface were observed by scanning electron microscophy. The results were as follows; 1. The pH of Coca-Cola and Chilsung-Cider were higher than the pH of FineEtch 37 and Tyrian™SPE. 2. The SEM photos revealed that the pattern of the surface eroded by Coca-Cola and Chilsung-Cider were more obvious than that eroded by etchants. 3. The results of remineralization by saliva, milk, Tooth Mousse^(ⓡ) were not different from each other. 4. The remineralization by saliva decreased tooth brushing abrasion.

스핀 1/2 Heisenbeg 반강자성체에 대한 스핀파근사에 대하여

장광수,안준 嶺南大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1991 基礎科學硏究 Vol.11 No.-

We studied spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet used by the linear spin-wave theory. As results, we got ground state energy and sublattice total spin for the several lattices, we compared to the results that are calculated by other theory. Also, we discussed linear spin-wave theory is useful to the analytically unsoluble Heisenberg models.