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Rapid injuries of high temperature in plants
Gurpreet Kaur Goraya,Balraj Kaur,Bavita Asthir,Shashi Bala,Gurpreet Kaur Goraya,Muhammad Farooq 한국식물학회 2017 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.60 No.4
Global climate changes particularly high temperature is predicted to have a general negative effect on plant growth and development, that might lead to catastrophic loss of crop productivity. High temperature has a wide range of effect on plant in terms of plant physiological, biochemical processes such as photosynthesis, respiration water relations, and gene regulatory pathways. The injury inflicted on plant tissues under such extremes weakens the cell membrane, which leads to the production of reactive oxygen species that attacks major sites i.e photosynthetic apparatus, the photosystems, mainly photosystem II (PSII) and the respiratory pathways. To cope with rising temperature conditions, plants possess a number of adaptive, avoidance, or acclimation mechanisms. In addition to major tolerance mechanisms, plants also employ ion transporters, proteins, osmoprotectants, antioxidants and many other factors involved in signaling cascades and transcriptional control that are activated to offset stress-induced biochemical and physiological alterations. This article reviews the recent findings on high temperature induced injuries and responses at the cellular, organellar and whole plant levels.
( Gurpreet Singh Dhillon ),( Satinder Kaur Brar ),( Surinder Kaur ),( Jose R. Valero ),( Mausam Verma ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.12
Enzyme extracts of cellulase [filter paper cellulase (FPase) and carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase)], chitinase, and chitosanase produced by Aspergillus niger NRRL-567 were evaluated. The interactive effects of initial moisture and different inducers for FP cellulase and CMCase production were optimized using response surface methodology. Higher enzyme activities [FPase 79.24± 4.22 IU/gram fermented substrate (gfs) and CMCase 124.04±7.78 IU/gfs] were achieved after 48 h fermentation in solid-state medium containing apple pomace supplemented with rice husk [1% (w/w)] under optimized conditions [pH 4.5, moisture 55% (v/w), and inducers veratryl alcohol (2 mM/kg), copper sulfate (1.5 mM/kg), and lactose 2% (w/w)] (p<0.05). Koji fermentation in trays was carried out and higher enzyme activities (FPase 96.67±4.18 IU/gfs and CMCase 146.50±11.92 IU/gfs) were achieved. The nonspecific chitinase and chitosanase activities of cellulase enzyme extract were analyzed using chitin and chitosan substrates with different physicochemical characteristics, such as degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, and viscosity. Higher chitinase and chitosanase activities of 70.28±3.34 IU/gfs and 60.18±3.82 to 64.20±4.12 IU/gfs, respectively, were achieved. Moreover, the enzyme was stable and retained 92-94% activity even after one month. Cellulase enzyme extract obtained from A. niger with chitinolytic and chitosanolytic activities could be potentially used for making low-molecular-weight chitin and chitosan oligomers, having promising applications in biomedicine, pharmaceuticals, food, and agricultural industries, and in biocontrol formulations.
Gurpreet Kaur Goraya,Bavita Asthir 한국식물학회 2016 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.59 No.3
Environmental stresses are often associated with production of certain deleterious chemical entities called reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide radical (O 2 − ), hydroxyl radical (OH−). In plants, ROS are formed by the inevitable leakage of electrons onto O2 from the electron transport activities of chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisomes, vacuole and plasma membranes or as a byproduct of various metabolic pathways. Plants have their own antioxidant defense mechanisms to encounter ROS that is of enzymic and non-enzymic nature. Coordinated activities of these antioxidants regulate ROS detoxification and reduces oxidative load in plants. Though ROS are always regarded to impart negative impact on plants, some reports consider them to be important in regulating key cellular functions; however, such reports in plant are limited. On the other hand, specific ROS function as signaling molecules and activate signal transduction processes in response to various stresses is a matter of investigation.
Optimization of Carotenoids by Rhodotorula glutinis
Gurpreet Kaur Chandi,Sumeet Pal Singh,Balmeet Singh Gill,Dalbir Singh Sogi,Prabhjot Singh 한국식품과학회 2010 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.19 No.4
Response surface methodology was applied to maximize the yield and productivity of carotenoids by Rhodotorula glutinis strain 1151 using supplemented tomato waste based medium. Higher concentration of tomato waste extract and yeast extract favored the production of carotenoids. In contrast to carotenogenesis higher concentration of yeast extract negatively affected the formation of biomass whereas higher amount of glucose in the medium favored biomass indicating that carotenogenesis is not correlated to biomass. The optimal concentration of medium components for maximum total carotenoids and corresponding biomass production as obtained from model were calculated to be as 660 mL/L,1.5, 4.5, 7.4, and 10 g/L for tomato extract, malt extract,yeast extract, peptone, and glucose, respectively.
Gurpreet Singh,Neeraj Sharma,Sanjeev Goyal,Rakesh Chandmal Sharma 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.11
AA6082/B4C and AA6082/SiC were prepared via stir casting accompanied by an inert-gas to prevent oxidation. The samplesfor both the composites were produced with varying wt% of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 of B4Cand SiC for their respective composites. This work gives emphasis on the comparative measurements of hardness, tensile strength, percentage elongation,Impact strength, density and porosity of the AA6082/B4C and AA6082/SiC composites. The microstructural was studiedusing X-ray diffractometer and SEM. The micro hardness in AA6082/B4C composites increases to 15.8% and the increase inAA6082/SiC composites is 11.9% only when compared with the base alloy whereas the increase in ultimate tensile strengthfor B4Cand SiC reinforced composites was reported to be 31% and 19.1% respectively. At 20 wt% of B4C,hardness andtensile strength of AA6082/B4C composite tends to decrease due to the development of clusters and increased porosity. Thetransformation in the nature of material from ductile to brittle decreases the impact strength and the resistance in the flowability presented by the hard ceramic particles lowers down the percentage elongation. Density reduces from 2.67 g/cm3 inbase alloy to 2.48 g/cm3 in AA6082/B4C and 2.56 g/cm3 in AA6082/SiC composites respectively. The formation of voids inAA6082/SiC composites makes it less porous then AA6082/B4C composites and this was because of the more agglomerationin SiC composites due to their high density.
Gurpreet Kaur,Sumit Nagpal 대한수학회 2023 대한수학회보 Vol.60 No.6
A class of normalized univalent functions $f$ defined in an open unit disk of the complex plane is introduced and studied such that the values of the quantity $zf'(z)/f(z)$ lies inside the evolute of a nephroid curve. The inclusion relations of the newly defined class with other subclasses of starlike functions and radius problems concerning the second partial sums are investigated. All the obtained results are sharp.
ON PARTIAL SOLUTIONS TO CONJECTURES FOR RADIUS PROBLEMS INVOLVING LEMNISCATE OF BERNOULLI
Gurpreet Kaur The Kangwon-Kyungki Mathematical Society 2023 한국수학논문집 Vol.31 No.4
Given a function f analytic in open disk centred at origin of radius unity and satisfying the condition |f(z)/g(z) - 1| < 1 for a analytic function g with certain prescribed conditions in the unit disk, radii constants R are determined for the values of Rzf'(Rz)/f(Rz) to lie inside the domain enclosed by the curve |w<sup>2</sup> - 1| = 1 (lemniscate of Bernoulli). This, in turn, provides a partial solution to the conjectures and problems for determination of sharp bounds R for such functions f.
A Study on Robert C.Martin’s Metrics for Packet Categorization Using Fuzzy Logic
Gurpreet Kaur,Deepak Sharma 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.8 No.12
In Object-oriented paradigm, classes are the basic units to organize the small applications. The concept of ‘package’ introduced when programmer found it difficult to organize the large application using classes. A good organization of classes into identifiable and collaborating packages eases the understanding, maintenance, testing and evolution of the software. In order to assess and improve the quality of an application during development process, developers and designers use various software metrics. Robert C. Martin presented a set of software metrics to identify poorly designed packages on the basis of certain features like stability, abstraction and coupling of the packages. According to Robert C. Martin, the Packages which are highly interdependent tend to be rigid, not reusable and hard to maintain. These metrics have been used to predict the quality of the packages early in the design phase and hence helps the programmers to reduce the overall cost of development. But these Software metrics neither give the exact value nor defines the sharp boundaries to categorize the packages. In this research work, a decision making system based on Fuzzy inference mechanism is used to categorize the good and bad packages that depends on various factors which are vague in nature. The proposed model is finally validated using the Distance from the Main Sequence ‘D’ metric intended by Robert Martin.