The Apparent Digestibility of Corn By-products for Growing-finishing Pigs In vivo and In vitro

Guo, Liang,Piao, Xiangshu,Li, Defa,Li, Songyu Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.3

Two trials in vivo and in vitro were conducted, in vivo to determine the apparent digestibility of gross energy, crude protein, dry matter, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and apparent digestible energy in 10 corn by-products. In vivo the diets included one basal corn diet, four corn gluten meal diets, four corn distillers dried grains with solubles diets and two corn distillers dried grains diets using the different methods, 12 crossbred barrows weigh $40{\pm}$1.6 kg were allocated into individual metabolic crate, according to a $6{\times}6$ Latin square design. In vitro using flask technique, filter bag technique and dialysis tubing technique, the digestibilities of gross energy, crude protein and dry matter in corn gluten meal and corn distillers dried grains with solubles were investigated. Pepsin, pancreatin, intestinal fluid, rumen fluid and cellulase were used in incubation. The results showed that correlation coefficient was 0.73 in corn distillers dried grains with solubles between the digestibility of crude protein and acid detergent fiber in vivo (p<0.01); and correlation coefficient was 0.68 in corn distillers dried grains with solubles between the digestibility of gross energy and neutral detergent fiber in vivo (p<0.01). Apparent digestible energy (DE) of corn by-products in pig total tract was predicted by the percentage of crude protein (CP) and the content of gross energy (GE) in feedstuff. The equation: DE=5,601.09+26.69$\times$CP %-0.5904$\times$GE, ($R^2=0.72$). In vitro, filter bag technique was more convenient; furthermore, the digestibility for the treatments (pepsin+pancreatin+rumen fluid and pepsin+pancreatin+cellulase) was better.

Characteristics and Regulating Role in Thermotolerance of the Heat Shock Transcription Factor ZmHsf12 from Zea mays L.

Guoliang Li,Yuanyuan Zhang,Huaning Zhang,Yujie Zhang,Lina Zhao,Zihui Liu,Xiulin Guo 한국식물학회 2019 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.62 No.5

Plant heat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) areimportant regulators of heat shock signal transduction pathway. There are 30 members of the Hsf family in maize, only twoof which, ZmHsf06 and ZmHsf12, belong to subclass A1. Our previous work demonstrated that ZmHsf06-overexpressingArabidopsis lines showed improved tolerance to heat anddrought stresses. In this study, we isolated ZmHsf12 fromyoung leaves of maize (Zea mays L.) using homologouscloning methods. The CDS (coding sequence) of ZmHsf12 is1,494 bp and encodes a putative protein consisting of 497amino acids which possesses domains such as DBD (DNAbindingdomain), OD (oligomerization domain), NLS (nuclearlocalization signal), NES (nuclear export signal), and anAHA (activator) motif. The ZmHsf12-GFP fusion protein islocalized to the cell nucleus. ZmHsf12 was expressed inmany maize organs, and its expression was up-regulated byheat shock. Furthermore, we characterized the function ofZmHsf12 in yeast and Arabidopsis. Yeast cells overexpressingZmHsf12 showed enhanced heat tolerance. ZmHsf12-overexpressing Arabidopsis seedlings displayed significantincreases in both basal and acquired thermotolerance. Comparedto WT seedlings, the ZmHsf12-overexpressing lines displayedboth increased chlorophyll contents and higher survivalrates. Also, the expression of AtHsps was increased higher inthe ZmHsf12-overexpressing Arabidopsis lines after heatstress. The results of our study strongly suggested thatZmHsf12 may take part in plant response to heat stress.

Geometric optimization and performance analysis of radial MR valve using Taguchi orthogonal experiment method

Guoliang Hu,Feng Zhou,Wencai Zhu,Lifan Yu,Gang Li 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.9

Aiming at the problems of increasing external dimensions and deteriorating key performance indicators in the design process of magnetorheological (MR) valve by using structural optimization method, a geometric optimization design methodology for the optimal design of a MR valve structure under specific volume constraints is proposed in this article. The optimization methodology couples the finite element model (FEM) constructed in COMSOL software with the Taguchi orthogonal experiment and response surface technology to build an approximate response surface function for the identified independent variables. Suitable optimization algorithms are then utilized to determine the optimal geometry of the MR valve, thereby maximizing the valve performance. Firstly, a radial MR valve with a single excitation coil was presented, and its structure and working principle were also elaborated. A mathematical model of the pressure drop was derived on the basis of the Bingham-Papanastasiou non-Newtonian constitutive model of MR fluid and the magnetic circuit had been analyzed with the FE analysis methodology. Then, a second-order response surface model (RSM) had been fitted for the magnetic flux density in the radial flow channel and spool region of the radial MR valve based on the Taguchi orthogonal experimental design. The fitted model was a function of the four independent variables of the radial MR valve, and the accuracy of the developed response surface function over the entire design space had also been estimated. Meanwhile, predictions made by the RSM and FE models were evaluated by analysis of variance and it was exhibited that the RSM model’s results agree with FE result fairly. Subsequently, the geometric optimization problem had been formulated for the constructed RSM exploiting the genetic algorithm to find the global optimum geometrical parameters of the radial MR valve. Furthermore, the experimental test rig was setup to explore the pressure drop and the response time characteristics of the initial and optimal radial MR valve as well as the dynamic performance of the MR valve controlled cylinder system under different excitation conditions. The experimental results show that under the applied current of 2 A, the pressure drop and adjustable coefficient of the optimal radial MR valve observably increased with values of 3.15 MPa and 5.40, respectively, when compared to 2.11 MPa and 4.22 of their respective initial values. Also, at the applied current of 1.25 A, the damping force of the MR valve controlled cylinder system enlarged by 46 %, with its optimal value being 3.65 kN and initial value as 2.50 kN, which was an excellent verification of the correctness of the RSM and the effectiveness of the optimal design.

Chloride Ion Invasive Behavior of Recycled Aggregate Concrete under Coupling Flexural Loading and Wetting-Drying Cycles

Guoliang Bai,Chao Zhu,Chao Liu,Huawei Liu 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.23 No.10

In this paper, the invasive behavior of chloride ion has been investigated under the coupling action of wetting-drying cycles and flexural load on recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) beams in sodium chloride solution. The permeation properties of chloride in RAC were studied by analyzing the content, binding capacity and diffusion coefficient of chloride. The priority of interfacial transition zone (ITZ) for chloride transport in RAC was analyzed by energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Additionally, the distribution of chloride content in concrete was predicted. The results indicated that the micro-pore structure, initial damage and micro-cracks provide more paths for the diffusion of chloride in the RAC. The binding capacity of chloride diminished with the incorporation of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) and the exertion of flexural load, which increased the chloride diffusion coefficient. The correctness of Fick's second diffusion law was verified via applying it to the data processing. Furthermore, the convection and diffusion zones had the significant influence on the distribution of chloride.

Effect of Supports on Soot Oxidation of Copper Catalysts: BaTiO3 Versus Fe2O3@BaTiO3 Core/Shell Microsphere

Guoliang Fan,Liu Zhao,Cairong Gong,Jia Ma,Gang Xue 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2016 NANO Vol.11 No.1

Copper catalysts prepared using two kinds of supports (BaTiO3 and Fe2O3@BaTiO3) have been tested for soot combustion. Perovskite-type oxide BaTiO3 shows excellent properties as support but has small specific surface area. Fe2O3@BaTiO3 core/shell microspheres, as improved support of BaTiO3 support, were fabricated by a hydrothermal-annealing approach. Fe2O3@BaTiO3 support has large specific surface area, which optimizes the contact condition of the gassoot-catalyst three-phase reaction. Due to the Cu-Fe2O3@BaTiO3 interaction, the redox properties of copper are improved. Soot combustion is tested under O2 gas flow and NOx/O2 gas flow, and Fe2O3@BaTiO3 supported copper catalyst (Cu/Fe2O3@BaTiO3) all shows higher catalytic activity and CO2 selectivity than BaTiO3 supported copper catalyst (Cu/BaTiO3).

CO catalytic oxidation over graphene with double vacancy‑embedded molybdenum: a DFT investigation

Guoliang Dai,Jiahui Liu,Hui Qian 한국탄소학회 2019 Carbon Letters Vol.29 No.4

Based on the M06-2X density functional, the catalytic oxidation of CO by O2 over Mo-embedded graphene was investigated in detail. The model with molybdenum atom embedded in double vacancy (DV) in a graphene sheet was considered. It is found that the complete CO oxidation reactions over Mo-DV-graphene include a two-step process, in which the first step prefers to Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism and followed the progress of CO oxidation with a remaining atomic Otop. Compared with the structure of Mo atom decorated at the single carbon vacancy on graphene (Mo-SV-graphene), the catalytic activity of Mo-DV-graphene is weaker. The present results imply that the catalytic activity of Mo-embedded graphene for CO oxidation can be improved by increasing the ratio of single vacancy (SV).

Baicalein induces the apoptosis of U251 glioblastoma cell lines via the NF-kB-p65- mediated mechanism

Guoliang Jiang,Lei Zhang,Jinkun Wang,Houjun Zhou 한국통합생물학회 2016 Animal cells and systems Vol.20 No.5

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive cerebral gliomas. Moreover, the overall prognosis of GBM is still little. Baicalein (BA) is a flavonoid derived from the Scutellaria baicalensis root, and has historically been used in anticancer therapies. However, its apoptosis role and related mechanisms in GBM has not yet been researched clearly. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of BA on human GBM U251 cell line. The effects of BA on proliferation of U251 cells were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Cellular apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry with annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining. The expression of apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved-caspase3 was detected by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. The expression of nuclear p65 protein, the active subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), was determined by immunofluorescence and western blot. Our results showed that the viability of U251 cells significantly decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner after treated with BA, and the apoptotic ratio of BA-treated groups was significantly higher than that of control groups. Furthermore, the expression of NF-kB-p65 in the nucleus was remarkably reduced, and the activity of NF-kB-p65 was remarkably inhibited after BA treatment. Combined treatment with a NF-kB-P65 inhibitor (QNZ) and BA resulted in the synergistic reduction of Bcl-2 expression and then increase of Bax and cleaved-caspase3 expression; and the viability of U251 cells was also inhibited. In conclusion, BA inhibits GBM cells viability and induces apoptosis via inhibit the activity of NF-kB-p65, suggesting that BA is a potential therapeutic agent for GBM.

SIMULATION-BASED DESIGN METHOD FOR ROOM AIR CONDITIONER WITH SMALLER DIAMETER COPPER TUBES

Guoliang Ding,TAO REN,YONGXIN ZHENG,YIFENG GAO,JI SONG 대한설비공학회 2012 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.20 No.3

Promoting the use of smaller diameter tube in room air conditioner is bene¯cial to reduce copper consumption and refrigerant charge, but may cause reduction of air conditioner performance, so a design method is needed. This paper presents a simulation-based design method for air conditioner with smaller diameter tube. The new method combines heat exchanger simulator and knowledge-based evolution method optimizer for designing air conditioner heat exchanger with smaller diameter tube. The simulation-based design method is illustrated in detail by an air conditioner of replacing 7mm tube indoor unit heat exchanger and 9.52mm tube outdoor unit heat exchanger with 5mm tube. Case study shows that the cost of the designed air conditioner with 5mm copper tube is 17.3% lower than that of the original one while the performance deviation between these two air conditioners is less than 0.7%.

Variability in the Viral Protein Linked to the Genome of Turnip Mosaic Virus Influences Interactions with eIF(iso)4Es in Brassica rapa

Guoliang Li,Shifan Zhang,Fei Li,Hui Zhang,Shujiang Zhang,Jianjun Zhao,Rifei Sun 한국식물병리학회 2021 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.37 No.1

Plants protect against viruses through passive and ac- tive resistance mechanisms, and in most cases charac- terized thus far, natural recessive resistance to potyvi- ruses has been mapped to mutations in the eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4E or eIF(iso)4E genes. Five eIF4E copies and three eIF(iso)4E copies were detected in Brassica rapa. The eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E genes could interact with turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) viral protein linked to the genome (VPg) to initiate virus translation. From the yeast two-hybrid system (Y2H) and bimo- lecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays, the TuMV-CHN2/CHN3 VPgs could not interact with BraA.eIF4E.a/c or BraA.eIF(iso)4E.c, but they could interact with BraA.eIF(iso)4E.a in B. rapa. Further analysis indicated that the amino acid substitution L186F (nt T556C) in TuMV-UK1 VPg was important for the interaction networks between the TuMV VPg and eIF(iso)4E proteins. An interaction model of the BraA. eIF(iso)4E protein with TuMV VPg was constructed to infer the effect of the significant amino acids on the interaction of TuMV VPgs-eIF(iso)4Es, particularly whether the L186F in TuMV-UK1 VPg could change the structure of the TuMV-UK1 VPg protein, which may terminate the interaction of the BraA.eIF(iso)4E and TuMV VPg protein. This study provides new insights into the interactions between plant viruses and trans- lation initiation factors to reveal the working of key amino acids.

Experimental Study on Dynamic Tensile Properties of Macro-Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites

Guoliang Yang,Jingjiu Bi,Zhiwen Dong,Ying Li,Yi Liu 한국콘크리트학회 2023 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.17 No.1

Using a high-speed photography system and a split Hopkinson pressure bar, macro-polypropylene fiber reinforced cementitious composites are tested to reveal the effects of the macro-polypropylene fiber volume fraction and loading rate on the dynamic tensile strength and failure mode. We also analyze the functional relationship between the dynamic tensile strength, loading rate, and fiber volume fraction, and study the splitting failure process using digital image correlation technology. The evolution law of the strain and displacement fields of the specimens is obtained, and the effect of the fiber volume fraction on the crack initiation strain value is quantitatively studied. The results show that the appropriate fiber content (1.5–2%) can significantly improve the dynamic tensile strength, while a higher fiber content (2.5%) leads to deterioration of the specimen. Adding macro-polypropylene fiber prevents the specimen from undergoing central tensile fracturing under dynamic loading, and distributes the impact load more evenly, thus improving the ability of the specimen to resist cracking.