동아시아 출토 문자 자료로 본 한자의 전파 과정 ― “岡” 용례의 재검토

方國花 ( Fang¸ Guo-hua ) 성균관대학교 대동문화연구원 2020 大東文化硏究 Vol.112 No.-

최근에 古代人의 서사 습관을 꾸밈없이 그대로 전해주는 금석문, 목간 등 출토 문자 자료가 증가되고 있다. 이로 인해 漢字 한 글자 한 글자의 사용 상황을 자세히 고찰함으로써 한자의 시대적 및 공간적 특성을 찾아낼 수 있게 되었고 한자의 구체적인 전파 과정과 루트도 재현할 수 있다. 본고는 “岡”자를 예로 중국에서는 시대별, 지역별로 어떻게 사용되었으며 이러한 시대적·공간적 특성이 동아시아 각국에 어떤 영향을 끼쳤는지를 고찰함으로써 중국과 한반도, 일본과의 소통·교류 관계를 밝힌 것이다. 그 결과 한반도와 일본에 전해진 “□” 글자체는 삼국시대부터 사용되어 양진시기, 남북조시기를 거쳐 수당시기까지 사용된 귄위있는 글자체이었으며 이러한 글자체가 고구려, 신라를 통해 일본열도에 전파되었다는 것을 밝혔다. Recently, data such as inscriptions on ancient bronzes and stones and Wooden Documents have been increasing. This allowed us to know the use of Chinese characters and to discover the historical and spatial characteristics of Chinese characters. Thus, the specific propagation process and root of Chinese characters can also be reproduced. This paper considered how the “岡” character was used in China, for example, by era and region. It also revealed its communication and exchange relations with China, the Korean Peninsula and Japan by examining how these historical and spatial characteristics affected East Asian countries. As a result, we could see that the “□” which was transmitted to the Korean Peninsula and Japan, was a dignified writing style that was used from the Sanguo(三國) period of China to the Liangjin(兩晉) period and Suitang(隋唐) period. And we were able to reveal that these letters were introduced to Japan through Goguryeo(高句麗) and Silla(新羅).

Development of Fiber Optic FBG Inclinometer for Stability Monitoring of Soil Slope

Guohua Jin,Il-Bum Kwon(권일범),Geun-Jin Kim(김근진),Dae-Cheol Seo(서대철) 대한토목학회 2009 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.10

Face Mask Detection with SSD Network

Guohua Zhu,Jaehan Joo,Suk Chan Kim 한국통신학회 2022 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.6

Uncertainty analysis of containment dose rate for core damage assessment in nuclear power plants

Guohua Wu,Jiejuan Tong,Yan Gao,Liguo Zhang,Yunfei Zhao 한국원자력학회 2018 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.50 No.5

One of the most widely used methods to estimate core damage during a nuclear power plant accident iscontainment radiation measurement. The evolution of severe accidents is extremely complex, leading touncertainty in the containment dose rate (CDR). Therefore, it is difficult to accurately determine coredamage. This study proposes to conduct uncertainty analysis of CDR for core damage assessment. First,based on source term estimation, the Monte Carlo (MC) and point-kernel integration methods were usedto estimate the probability density function of the CDR under different extents of core damage in accidentscenarios with late containment failure. Second, the results were verified by comparing the resultsof both methods. The point-kernel integration method results were more dispersed than the MC results,and the MC method was used for both quantitative and qualitative analyses. Quantitative analysisindicated a linear relationship, rather than the expected proportional relationship, between the CDR andcore damage fraction. The CDR distribution obeyed a logarithmic normal distribution in accidents with asmall break in containment, but not in accidents with a large break in containment. A possible applicationof our analysis is a real-time core damage estimation program based on the CDR

Changes in Cell Ca 2+ Distribution in Loquat Leaves and Its Effects on Cold Tolerance

Guohua Zheng,Dongming Pan,Xianqian Niu,Hanwen Wu,Jinbiao Zhang 한국원예학회 2014 원예과학기술지 Vol.32 No.5

Calcium has been associated with improved cold tolerance in many crops. The aim of this study was to investigatethe changes in leaf cell Ca2+distribution and cell organelle ultrastructure of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) plants in responseto cold stress at -3°C, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Two loquat accessions, Zaozhong 6 (a commercial cultivar)and oakleaf loquat (a wild relative) were used. Cold tolerance, as measured by leaf browning rate, was higher in oakleaf plants,and calcium treatment improved cold tolerance in both species. Cold stress first induced inward transport of Ca2+from theintracellular space. Then, the imported Ca2+was aggregated around the chloroplast membrane, finally entering the chloroplast. This pattern of Ca2+distribution in leaf cells occurred earlier in Zaozhong 6 than in the wild loquat. With increasing time ofcold exposure, the chloroplast membranes of Zaozhong 6 leaves were damaged, blurred and even disappeared, while those ofwild oakleaf loquat leaves maintained their structure longer. In Zaozhong 6, cold stress induced a clear cavity between poorlystructured granal thylakoids and vesicles appearing inside the chloroplast, while in oakleaf leaves cold stress had little effecton the ultrastructure of chloroplasts (although chloroplast membranes looked blurred). Loquat leaves accumulated free calciumions around chloroplasts in response to cold stress, with earlier calcium accumulation occurring in the cold-sensitive cultivarZaozhong 6 than in wild oakleaf loquat. These results demonstrate that these two loquat species have differences in both coldtolerance and calcium accumulation dynamics.

Changes in Cell Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> Distribution in Loquat Leaves and Its Effects on Cold Tolerance

Guohua Zheng,Dongming Pan,Xianqian Niu,Hanwen Wu,Jinbiao Zhang 한국원예학회 2014 원예과학기술지 Vol.32 No.5

Calcium has been associated with improved cold tolerance in many crops. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in leaf cell Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> distribution and cell organelle ultrastructure of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) plants in response to cold stress at -3℃, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Two loquat accessions, Zaozhong 6 (a commercial cultivar) and oakleaf loquat (a wild relative) were used. Cold tolerance, as measured by leaf browning rate, was higher in oakleaf plants, and calcium treatment improved cold tolerance in both species. Cold stress first induced inward transport of Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> from the intracellular space. Then, the imported Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> was aggregated around the chloroplast membrane, finally entering the chloroplast. This pattern of Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> distribution in leaf cells occurred earlier in Zaozhong 6 than in the wild loquat. With increasing time of cold exposure, the chloroplast membranes of Zaozhong 6 leaves were damaged, blurred and even disappeared, while those of wild oakleaf loquat leaves maintained their structure longer. In Zaozhong 6, cold stress induced a clear cavity between poorly structured granal thylakoids and vesicles appearing inside the chloroplast, while in oakleaf leaves cold stress had little effect on the ultrastructure of chloroplasts (although chloroplast membranes looked blurred). Loquat leaves accumulated free calcium ions around chloroplasts in response to cold stress, with earlier calcium accumulation occurring in the cold-sensitive cultivar Zaozhong 6 than in wild oakleaf loquat. These results demonstrate that these two loquat species have differences in both cold tolerance and calcium accumulation dynamics.

Valley V² Control Technique for Switching Converters with Fast Transient Response

Guohua Zhou,Jianping Xu,Jin Sha,Yanyan Jin 전력전자학회 2011 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

Valley V² control technique for switching converters is proposed in this paper. By utilizing output voltage ripple as pulse-width modulation ramp and valley voltage of output voltage ripple as additional control variable, valley V² control technique provides faster load transient response than conventional current-mode control techniques. Steady-state and transient performances of switching converters with valley V² control, peak V² control, and current-mode control are compared and verified by experimental results.

Southern Identification and Homology Analysis of the Resistance Gene Analog in Cucumis sativus L

Guohua Ding,Zhiwei Qin,Xiuyan Zhou,Guiling Wang 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Molecular Hydrogen Stabilizes Atherosclerotic Plaque in Low-density Lipoprotein Receptor Knockout Mice

Guohua Song 한국물학회 2015 한국물학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Objective Hydrogen (H2) attenuates the development of atherosclerosis in mouse models. We aimed to examine the effects of H2 on atherosclerotic plaque stability. Methods Low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR-/-) mice fed an atherogenic-diet were dosed daily with H2 and/or simvastatin. In vitro studies were carried out in oxidized-LDL (ox-LDL)-stimulated macrophage-derived foam cell model treated with or without H2. Key Results H2 or simvastatin significantly enhanced plaque stability by increasing levels of collagen and smooth muscle cells, as well as reducing macrophage and lipid levels in plaques. The decreased numbers of dendritic cells and increased numbers of regulatory T cells in plaques further supported the stabilizing effect of H2 or simvastatin. Moreover, H2 treatment decreased serum ox-LDL level and apoptosis in plaques with concomitant inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and reduction of ROS accumulation in the aorta. In vitro, like ERS inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid, H2 inhibited ox-LDL- or tunicamycin (an ERS inducer)- induced ERS response and cell apoptosis. In addition, like ROS scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine, H2 inhibited ox-LDL- or Cu2 + (an ROS inducer)-induced reduction in cell viability and increase in cellular ROS. Also, H2 increased Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor-2, an important factor in antioxidant signaling) activation and Nrf2 siRNA abolished the protective effect of H2 on ox-LDL-induced cellular ROS production. Conclusions The inhibitory effects of H2 on the apoptosis of macrophage-derived foam cells, which take effect by suppressing the activation of ERS pathway and by activating Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, might lead to an improvement in atherosclerotic plaque stability.

Designing an Early Warning Indicator System for Logistics Companies' Reputation Risk

Guohua Zhang,Jiali Yuan 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2009 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.10

The early warning system of the reputation risk of logistic companies is the core of the early warning management of this risk. It is the foundation for the structure of a general evaluation model in the reputation risk of logistics companies. The model consists of seven categories of secondary indicators, they are product reliability risk, business reputation risk; logistics service credibility risk, financial credibility risk, legal credibility risk, social reputation risk and credit risk, and twenty eight third degree indicators.