Positive and negative roles of interleukin-6 in bone metabolism , inflammation and cell differentiation : application in oriental medical research

Lee, Dong Kyu,Kang, Dong Hwi,Kim, Dong Il,Lee, Tae Kyun,Park, Young Guk,Kim, Cheorl Ho 대한한의학회 부인과학회 2000 大韓韓方婦人科學會誌 Vol.13 No.2

Interleukin 6 (IL-6)은 여러종류의 세포에서 분화 및 주화인자로 작용하는 사이토카인이다. 사람 IL-6의 분자구조는 21에서 28 kDa의 분자량을 갖는 하나의 폴리펩타이드 단백질로서 N-형과 O-형당부가반응과 세린잔기에 인산화를 수반하여 수식되어 있다. 이 사이토카인은 수성의 28-아미노산 자기로 구성된 시그날배열을 가진 212 아미노산의 전구체 단백질로서 생합성된다. IL-6와 가장 밀접한 분자구조를 갖는 물질로는 granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)가 있으며 사람 IL-6의 유전자는 염색체 7p21에 암호화되어 있다. IL-6는 IL-6수용체 (80 kDa subunit, IL-6Ra)의 a-사슬의 세포의 영역과 상호작용을 거쳐 세포표면에 결합하게 되며 이렇게 생성된 결합체는 gp130수용체와 상호작용하며, 이때 gp130 subunit는 JAK/STAT signaling cascade의 계속적인 활성화능력을 보유하도록 리간드-의존적인 2량화 형성이 유도된다. IL-6Ra의 세포내 영역도메인은 신호전달반응에 아무런 역할을 하지 않으며 IL-6Ra의 세포막통과와 세포질도메인이 결여된 수용성 IL-6수용체도 마찬가지로 IL-6와 반웅하며 상승제로서 가능을 하게 된다. 이러한 광범위한 발현과 효과 때문에 IL-6생성의 생체내에서의 부적절한 발현과 조절은 중요한 생리적인 변화를 야기시킨다. 본 총설에서는 생리적이고 병태생리적인 조건에서의 IL-6의 역할과 기능을 검토하였으며 한의학에서의 면역, 천식, 골대사, 당뇨, 암, 순환기계질환, 신경계질환의 약물개발과 기전해석의 수단으로서 검토하였다. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a cytokine that functions as a trophic and differentiating factor in cells of many types. Human IL-6 is a single-chain protein with a molecular mass ranging from 21 to 28 kDa. IL-6 is modified by N- and O-glycosylations, as well as by phosphorylation on serine residues. The cytokine is synthesized as a precursor protein of 212 amino acids with a hydrophobic 28-residue signal sequence. Its closest homolog is granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). The gene for human IL-6 is located on chromosome 7p21. IL-6 binds to the cell surface via an interaction with the extracellular region of the a-chain of the IL-6 receptor (80 kDa subunit, IL-6Ra). This complex then associates with the gp130 receptor. The gpl30 subunit undergoes ligand-dependent dimerization with subsequent activation of the JAK/STAT signaling cascade. The intracellular domain of IL-6Ra does not play a role in signal transduction. The soluble IL-6 receptor, which lacks the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domain of IL-6Ra, is also responsive to IL-6 and acts as an agonist. Because of its wide-ranging expression and effects, the inappropriate expression and modulation of IL-6 production has important physiological consequences. Presently, it was examined that role of IL-6 under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, and its feasibility as a drug discovery target are meaningful in fields of oriental medical research.

RDA 표준에서의 다중 매체 정보에 관한 연구

김홍일,김국보,장윤석 대진대학교 1994 大眞論叢 Vol.2 No.-

The RDA(Remote Database Access) standard defines a generalized service interface that can be used in a variety of Database Management System environments. This places considerable importance on the management of diverse data types including text, images, audio, and video; these requirements in turn generate the need for a new generation of distributed heterogeneous multimedia database systems In this paper, a set of functional requirements is identified for the RDA standard, Multimedia information and management. A method of the requirements to a RDA is presented, and some briefing of the RDA SQL specialization and multimedia data types are discussed.

몽타주 자동 작성을 위한 퍼지 의사 결정 시스템의 설계

김국보,김홍일,장윤석 대진대학교 1994 大眞論叢 Vol.2 No.-

It is well known that search method for multimedia information is very difficult problem. In this paper, the implementation of a automatic montage generator using fuzzy decision making system is described and proposed an effective fuzzy inference system based on description data. In addition, some techniques which can improve the retrieval efficiency of a image information are also suggested.

High Performance Liquid Chromatography를 이용한 Hemoglobin A1C 측정

변동원,서교일,유명희,김극배 순천향의학연구소 1995 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.1 No.2

Hemoglobin AIc(HbAlc) has been known to be an index of long-term glycemic control (6-8weeks), and offers several practical advantages for screening of diabetes mellitus and evaluation of effects of treatment. Authors introduced to measure and investigate HbAlc levels by high performance liquid chromatoraphy (HPLC ; LDC Milton Roy, USA), with cation exchange column, Mono S HR 5/5 (Pharmacia). The results were as follows; 1. The mean HbAlc level in normal adult control group (n=50) was 4.13±0.25% (Mean±S.D). 2. Within-run precisions of HbAlc levels measured by HPLC were 4.39±0.01% (Mean±S.D.), 1.41(C.V.) in normal control, and 8.95±0.02% (Mean±S.D.), 1.65(C.V.) in intermittently treated diabetic patients, and 11.02±0.01% (Mean±S.D.) 2.93(C.V.) in untreated diabetic patients. 3. Between-run precision of HbAlc levels measured by HPLC were 4.35±0.01% (Mean±S.D.), 2.76(C.V.) in normal control, and 8.98±0.01% (Mean±S.D.), 1.22(C.V.) in intermittently treated diabetic patients, and 10.95±0.15% (Mean±S.D.), 3.51(C.V.) in untreated patients. 4. The peak level of HbAlc was obtained in about 9 minutes and the whole program could be completed within 17 minutes. 5. Blood specimens could be stored for as long as 8 days at 4℃ without changes of HbAlc levels. These results suggest that the measurement of HbAlc by HPLC using cation exchange column is so accurate, simple and rapid that the clinical use is more wider.

대안학교 인성교육과 마음공부

유선영,강일국 木浦大學校 敎育硏究所 2004 교육연구 Vol.16/17 No.-

The alternative schools, which is founded by Won Buddhism, have developed their own curriculum to improve their human characteristics by mentality training method based on religious philosophy. The curriculum is formed as no-grade and no-class. The student organize their own curriculum by applying a course of study at the each school period. Each student should get the required credit to complete the school course. This curriculum has been adopted in many schools. Here the true value of mentality training method is evaluated for the schools which adopt the mentality training program. The worth of this program is evaluated in terms of internal and external relationship, sociality, response to a stimulus, and acceptance a view of the future. The results show a reliable aspect of the mentality training method on improving the human characteristics, especially for the teenager.

공업계 고등학교 결손가정학생들의 진로선택에 관한 연구

정원곤,강일국 木浦大學校 敎育硏究所 2004 교육연구 Vol.16/17 No.-

The aim of this study is to offer basic information about personal counseling and educational guidance for broken home students in order to enlarge the understanding about them and protect them from a juvenile delinquent, so to grow up to a good youth by researching the present state of broken home students and the level of the satisfaction to a technical highschool choice and the view of their career choice, the degree of preparation for the future social life in school. The summary of study results is as follows; First, the research shows that 393 students (48.3%) among 813 students of 3rd grade of machine department in the technical highschool are broken home students, 420 ones (51.7%) has normal home. Second, in entrance to a technical highschool, the research shows that more than 70%(571 students) responded positive to their present school life. Third, In entrance to university, the survey revealed their high interest in it since 313 students (80.3%) responded positive to get a higher education, In preference to future career, 214 students(54.6%) prefer stable job to a large income job for the future (130 ones, 33.2%), which is related to the issue of unemployment after IMF periods. Fourth, the preparation for future social life being in school turned out relatively positive results.

주기성 마비 患者 1例에 대한 臨床報告

송인선,김종국,윤일지,오민석 대전대학교 한방병원 2002 惠和醫學 Vol.11 No.1

Periodic paralysis associated with thyrotoxicosis is characterized by intermittent flaccid paralysis of the skeletal muscle. The paralysis usually involve the skeletal muscle of the limbs, especially lower extremities. In general sensory function is intact. The underlying pathophysiology of the syndrome is not yet to be well characterized and remains controversial, we report a case of hypokalemic periodic paralysis presenting a spontaneous recovery.

디스크 시스템의 설계를 위한 모의 실험에 대한 연구

장윤석,김홍일,김국보 대진대학교 1994 大眞論叢 Vol.2 No.-

I/O subsystems, especially, disk systems are the most important aspect at computer system performance for recent high-performance computer systems. But development of new d s k system consumes very high costs, it performed by simulation, in general. This paper researches accurate disk modeling techniques for basis of accurate simulation, and implements the disk model, and proves the modelled disk can be executed with small deviation, compares with real disk system, by trace-driven simulation The simulation program can widely be used for basic tool to develope new disk systems.

Citric acid 존재시 Goethite에 의한 과산화수소의 분해

김장회,공성호,손국일,김용수 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 2001 環境科學論文集 Vol.22 No.-

과산화수소가 생물학적 처리를 위한 산소공급원으로서 지중에 주입될 경우 효소촉매인 Catalase나 Iron oxide와 같은 전이금속 산화물에 의해 급격히 분해되어 일반적으로 과산화수소 분해속도는 오염물 처리를 위한 미생물의 산소 소모율보다 커 과산화수소를 이용한 생물학적 처리의 효율을 저하시킬 수 있다. 또한 많은 지역의 중금속과 유류로 오염되어 있는데 이러한 오염지역의 경우 중금속으로 인해 생물학적 처리가 제한될 수 있다. Citric acid는 중금속의 미생물에 대한 독성을 감소시킬 수 있으며 Goethite 표면에 흡착되어 Goethite에 의한 급격한 과수분해속도를 완화시킬 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다. 따라서 Citric acid를 첨가제로서 과산화수소와 동시에 주입함으로써 중금속과 유류로 오염된 지역의 지중 생물학적 처리의 효율을 증가시킬 수 있다. 본 연구는 Iron oxide 중 과산화수소 분해에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 Goethite를 선택해 Goethite에 의한 수분해속도에 미치는 Citric acid의 영향을 고찰하였다. Citric acid 존재시 Goethite에 의한 과수분해 속도식은 과산화수소와 Citric acid의 Goethite 표면에의 경쟁적 흡착에 근거해 나타낼 수 있다. 이러한 결과는 지중의 많은 Humic acid나 Fulvic acid와 같은 Organic matter도 Goethite 표면의 흡착에 대해 Citric acid와 유사한 거동을 보인다는 측면에서, 과산화수소를 지중의 오염지역에 적용할 경우 Organic matter의 농도로 중요한 변수가 될 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다. When hydrogen peroxide, as an oxygen source for in situ bioremediation, is injected into the subsurface, the rate of H₂O₂ decomposition is greater than the rate of oxygen utilization by microorganisms due to its rapid catalytic decomposition by transition metal oxide such as iron oxide. Furthermore, the presence of heavy metals that are toxic to microorganisms may inhibit microbial degradation. Citric acid as additive may reduce toxicity of heavy metals and decrease the rate of H₂O₂ decomposition on the surface of iron mineral. Therefore, injection of H₂O₂ and citric acid for in situ bioremediation enable to effectively treat soil contaminated with heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of citric acid on the rate of H₂O₂ decomposition on goethite, which is the most reactive with H₂O₂ among the crystalline iron oxides. In the presence of citric acid, the H₂O₂ decomposition rate on goethite can be affected by competitive adsorption between H₂O₂ and citric acid on goethite.

만성신부전증 환자에서 Recombinant Human Erythropoietin 치료에 따른 혈액지표와 Hemoglobin A1c에 대한 연구

이세영,배성한,변동원,서교일,유명희,김극배 순천향의학연구소 1996 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.2 No.2

Hemoglobin A1c is produced by a progressive, non-enzymatic reaction between glucose and hemoglobin within the erythrocytes. The HbA1c concentration is dependent on the plasma glucose level and the stage of development of the erythrocytes. Immature erythrocytes contain lower levels of glycosylated hemoglobin than mature erythrocytes. HbA1c level was decreased in short RBC life span. Therefore, HbA1c level is not only measure for assessment of moderate to long term glycemic status in diabetics, but also as a possible diagnostic parameter of anemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the HbA1c level in patients with chronic renal failure with anemia. HbA1c concentration, iron, ferritin, TIBC and hematologic parameters were measured before treatment and 1, 2 months after administration of recombinant human erythropoietin. The HbA1c concentration was measured by high performance liquid chromatography with cation exchange column (Pharmacia). The results were as follows; 1. The mean of hemoglobin was 8.66 g/dL in the controls and 7.84 g/dL in the patients with chronic renal failure. The mean of hematocrit was 25.19 % in the controls and 23.14 % in the patients with chronic renal failure. The mean of MCV was 93.23 fL in the controls and 92.73 fL in the patients with chronic renal failure. The mean of MCH was 32.56 pg in the controls and 31.76 pg in the patients with chronic renal failure. The mean of HbA1c was 3.15 % in the controls and 2.95 % in the patients with chronic renal failure. 2. Hematologic parameters in the patients with chronic renal failure 1) The results of hemoglobins were 7.84 g/dL, 8.11 g/dL, 8.92 g/dL, the MCH were 31.76 pg, 32.87 pg, 33.20 pg, the results of MCV were 92.73 fL, 97.37 fL, 92.85 fL at before treatment and 1, 2 months after administration of r-HuEpo. 2) The results of hematocrits were 23.14 %, 23.73 %, 26.73 % at before treatment and 1, 2 months after administration of r-HuEpo. 3. Iron metabolism parameters in the patients with chronic renal failure 1) The results of iron test were 180.92 ㎍/dL, 137.79 ㎍/dL, 126.83 ㎍/dL at before treatment and 1, 2 months after administration of r-HuEpo. 2) The results of ferritin test were 1500.2 ng/ml, 1311.6 ng/ml, 1151.0 ng/ml at before treatment and 1, 2 months after administration of r-HuEpo. 3) The results of TIBC test were 282.17 ㎍/dL, 282.45 ㎍/dL, 278.83 ㎍/dL at before treatment and 1, 2 months after administration of r-HuEpo. 4. The results of HbA1c test were 2.95 %, 3.08 %, 3.18 % at before treatment and 1, 2 months after administration of r-HuEpo. It is suggested that, in patients with chronic renal failure, evaluation of HbA1c in diabetics who have anemia with chronic renal failure should be consider possible hematologic parameters, and HbA1c level would be one of the marker of anemia status, but further studies are needed.