동결온도가 진공포장 동결육의 품질에 미치는 영향

정인철,김도완,문귀임,강세주,김기영,문윤희 한국식품영양학회 1998 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.11 No.4

본 연구는 진공포장 동결육의 품질에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 수행하였다. 해동드립은 -3℃와 -20℃ 동결이 60일째 각각 5.23% 및 5.17%로 동결기간이 경과함에 따라 현저하게 증가하였다. 가열감량은 water bath와 pan에서 가열한 것이 모두 동결초기보다 동결기간이 경과함에 따라 현저하게 증가하였다. 그러나 -3℃와 -20℃ 사이에는 현저한 차이가 없었다. 염용성 단백질의 추출성은 동결기간이 지남에 따라 감소하였고, -20℃ 동결이 -3℃보다 추출성이 더 높았다. 수용성 단백질의 추출성은 동결기간이 경과하면서 증가하였고 -3℃ 동결이 -20℃보다 현저하게 높았다. 그리고 L, a 및 b값은 저장초기가 동결저장 중보다 높다. Myoglobin의 변성율은 -3℃ 동결이 -20℃보다 비교적 높게 나타났는데, -3℃ 동결의 15일째가 96.0%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 전단력가는 동결저장 중 현저한 변화가 없었고, 근원섬유의 소편화도는 동결초기보다 동결저장이 더 높았지만 동결저장 중에는 변화가 없었다. pH는 -3℃와 -20℃ 동결저장 모두 45일까지 감소하다가 그 이후에는 증가하는 경향이었다. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of freezing temperature on quality of vacuum packaging freezed beef. In case of thaw drip loss, the freezing of -3℃ and -20℃ were 5.23% and 5.17% to 60 days respectively, were increased significantly during freezing. The cooking loss of water bath and pan were increased significantly during freezing than the beginning of freezing, but were no different between -3℃ and -20℃. The salt soluble protein extractability was decreased during freezing, the -20℃ freezing was higher than -3℃ freezing. The water soluble protein extractability was increased during freezing, the -3℃ freezing was higher than -20℃ freezing. The L, a and b value of the beginning of freezing higher than during freezing. The myoglobin denatured percentage of the -3℃ freezing was higher than -20℃ freezing, the 15 days storage of -3℃ freezing was highest to 96%. The shear force value was not change during freezing, the myofibrillar fragmentation index during freezing was higher than the beginning of freezing, but was not change during freezing. The pH was decreased to freezing 45 days, after that increased.

초등학생들의 측정 수행 능력 평가

정귀향,김범기 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1997 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.7 No.1

The purpose of this study was to assess elementary student's ability of measuring length, area, and volume and reading metric scales. The findings of this study were as follows. All students were successful in measuring without scale, regardless of grades. But they were less successful in measuring the task using standard and nonstandard scales. Especially, in measuring area, lower grade students were not able to perform the task using nonstandard instruments, but higher grade students were able to perform the task. Measuring area using grade paper was least successful for sixth graders. In measuring volume, students under fifth grade read the upper scale when using graduated cylinder. In measuring by direct comparison, students were more successful in measuring length than in measuring area and volume using given material. The use of given nonstandard material was successful for 4th, 5th, and 6th grade students. In measuring using metric scale, lower grade students did not pay attention to the zero of the scale, but just read the end point. Higher grade students considered both zero and end points.

綜合病院 外來訪問 老人의 健康診斷 結果

정문숙,김미예,정귀옥 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1991 慶北醫大誌 Vol.32 No.2

본 연구는 1990년 7월 10일부터 9월 10일가지 2개월 동안 대구시에 소재하는 일·이차 동시진료기관인 대구의료원 외래 7개과를 방문한 65세 이상 132명의 노인을 대상으로 노인의 일상생활 수행능력, 호소증상, 주진단명, 신경외과, 안과와 치과의 3개과 특별진찰 결과 및 활력증상, 임상검사 결과 등을 면담, 관찰, 검사 및 측정에 의해 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 노인의 일상생활 수행시 가장 의존율이 높았던 활동은 보행하기로 13.6%이었으며, 보행, 의복착용, 식사, 목욕 및 화장실 사용등 5가지 일상활동 중 남의 도움을 한가지 이상 받아야 하는 노인의 비율이 15.2%이었다. 병원 외래 7개과중 노인이 가장 많이 방문하는 과는 내과로 49.2%를 차지하였고 남자노인은 신경외과 정형외과 순으로 여자노인은 안과 정형외과 순이었는데 특히 남자노인에 비해 일반외과 방문율이 낮았다. 주로 호소하는 건강문제는 관절통 및 신경통이 24.2%로 가장 많았고 남자노인은 호흡곤란, 불안의 순이었으며, 여자노인은 요통, 호흡곤란 순이었다. 주 진단명은 소화기 질환이 16.7%로 가장 많았고 전염성 질환인 폐결핵이 12.9%로 나타났으며 노인성 백내장이 12.1%이었다. 또 비교적 노화과정에서 나타날 수 있다고 보는 퇴행성 척주증, 퇴행성 관절염, 골다공증 및 노인성 백내장이 전체 질환의 24.2%를 차지했다. 고혈압과 저혈압 증상 노인이 55.3%로 과반수이었으며, 남자노인이 여자노인보다 고혈압군이 더 높은 비율이었다. 임상소견으로 혈색소 검사에서 빈혈을 보인 노인이 26.5%이었고, 뇨당과 뇨단백의 양성율이 각각 10.6% 및 6.8%이었으며 노인의 21.2%가 청력에 이상이 있었다. 대상노인의 신경외과 진찰결과는 요통이 65.9%, 안과에서는 백내장이 90.9%, 그리고 치과 검사에서는 치주질환이 72.7%로 나타났으며 75세 이상 노인 34명은 모두 백내장으로 나타났다. 외래방문후 진찰결과 입원율은 27.3%(36명)이었으며 남자노인이 38.2%로 여자노인의 19.5%보다 높은 비율이었다. The purpose of this study was to assess health problem complained by the aged who visited OPD of one general hospital and to abtain the basic data which were necessary for the improvement of their health status by testing such as vital sign checks and clinical laboratory test and examination. Also by interviewing with 132 patients who live in Taegu and near cities the data was collected from July 10, to September 10, 1990. The results were as follows; In case of ADL, the dependent rate by each item was shown that the walking from 13.6% which was the highest percentage. It was shown that the rate of the aged visited to internal medicine department was 49.2% of the subjects and among them 24.2% was mainly suffered from a joint pain and body pain which was the highest rank and the next was backache. Chief diagnosis of the aged with complaints was gastrointestinal disease in 16.7% which was the highest rank, the next was pulmonary tbc(12.9%) and third was senile cataract(12.1%). The mean distribution of hypertensive disorder and hypotensive disorder was 55.3% in systolic and in diastolic BP. In case of clinical labolatory test, the incidence rate of anemia was shown as 26.5%, and positive rate of urine-sugar was shown as 10.6% and protein uria was shown as 6.8% of subjects. After physical examination and testing in neurosurgery, the incidence rate of backache was shown 65-9% in optimalmic unit the incidence rate of senile cataract was shown as 90.9%(almost subjects). The rate of hospitalization after diagnosis was shown as 27.3%.

마찰조건에 따른 원통형 강편의 자유단조 해석

정동원,김귀식 濟州大學校 工科大學 産業技術硏究所 1998 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.9 No.2

Finite Element Method is applied to the determination of the deformed bulge profile and strain distribution during upset forming of cylindrical billets. From the results of simulation, The bulging along the z-axis becomes more severe with increasing height reduction and with increasing friction at the die-material interface. The present method can be used for the simple prediction of the deformed shape and strain distribution in upset forging of cylindrical billets with dissimilar frictional conditions at the die-material interface.

단위 연료전지 내 가스채널에서의 Phoenics를 이용한 수치모사 연구

劉旼炡,鄭貴榮 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2005 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.16 No.-

The mathematical modeling of MCFC was carried out to observe the effects of the water-gas shift reaction. Using the commercial CFD program Phoenics, studies on the butterfly-type fuel cell was carried out. Calculated results were compared with those of the general type fuel cell. In previous studies, it was assumed that properties of gases along the direction of gas channel height were constant. The consumption and the generation rates of CO_(2) could be decided as the rates which gave 0.4 of the hydrogen utilization in the anode gas channel. The y-directional average values were similar to the values near the separator surface and they positioned near the electrode surface. Therefore it was shown that it is safe to assume that the gas concentration along the direction of gas channel height is constant. Effects of the size of channel height on the x-directional distribution of X_(a)co_(2) appeared greater at a constant linear velocity rather than at a constant volumetric flow rate. As expected, the x-directional distributions of Xco_(2) in the butterfly type gas channels became more uniform.

볶음조건을 달리한 타락죽의 저장 시 품질의 변화

이귀주,김정은,김소정 한국조리과학회 2004 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.20 No.4

Rice flour was roasted at different temperatures and times and tarakjuk was made from these roasted rice flours. Chemical composition, in vitro starch digestibility (IVSD) and protein digestibility (IVPD) of the roasted rice flours and tarakjuk were determined. Changes in quality characteristics such as pH, viscosity, IVSD and IVPD of tarakjuk during refrigerated storage were also investigated. For roasted rice flours, the protein content ranged from 6.52~7.13% on a dry basis, while for tarakjuk, the range was 3.74~4.0%. On the other hand, the Ca level of tarakjuk ranged from 1,278.36~1,340.87 ppm. Rice flours showed decreasing IVSD and increasing IVPD on roasting at 145℃ and 165℃, whereas they showed increasing IVSD and decreasing IVPD at 185℃, respectively. Roasting also influenced the pH, viscosity, IVSD and IVPD of tarakjuk made from these roasted rice flours. As the roasting temperature and time increased, tarakjuk showed lower pH and viscosity, however it showed higher IVSD and IVPD. The pH of tarakjuk, except that of control, decreased with storage, whereas viscosity increased significantly. IVSD decreased up to 4 days of storage, after which it increased again until 14 days of storage. On the other hand, IVPD increased up to 7 days of storage, but there was no additional significant increase after 14 days of storage. These results suggest that depending on the nutritional purpose, appropriate conditions for roasting of rice flour and storage of tarakjuk may be recommended for the commercialization of tarakjuk.

아동의 애착과 자기 효능감 및 학교생활적응과의 관계

김귀숙,정영옥,이나혜 한국동서정신과학회 2003 동서정신과학 Vol.6 No.2

본 연구는 초등학생이 애착을 갖는 대상에 관한 특징과 상대적 중요성을 밝히고자 하였다. 아동의 성별, 학년에 따른 부모, 또래 애착 사이에서의 차이점을 밝혀 보고, 부모, 또래 애착이 학교생활의 적응과 자기 효능감에 끼치는 영향을 조사하였다. 또한 자기 효능감이 학교생활에서의 애착과 적응관계에서 매개변인으로 작용하는지를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 첫째 성별에 따라 모 애착은 의사소통과 상호신뢰, 전체 또래애착에서 유의한 차이가 있었으나 부 애착에서는 성별에 따른 의사소통에서만 유의한 차이를 보였다. 둘째 부모, 또래 애착이 자기효증감에 미치는 영향이 모두 의미있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 애착수준이 전체 학교생활적응에 미치는 영향이 부모, 또래애착 모두에게 의미있는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 자기효능감이 학교생활적응에 미치는 영향은 자기효능감 수준이 전체 학교생활적응에 미치는 영향의 의미있는 것으로 나타났고, 자기효능감 하위영역중 과제 성취 효능감의 설명력이 높게 나타나 과제성취 효능감이 높을수록 학교생활적응도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. This study intend to clarify relative importance and character of the adolescent's attachment-objects. For this purpose, it verifies the differences among adolescent's father, mother and peer attachment according to their sex, economic levels and educational levels of parents, and examines the effect which father, mother and peer attachments have on their delf-efficacy and adaptation to their school life. And lastly, it attempts to find out whether the self efficacy would do the role of a mediator in the relationship between attachment and adaptation to school life. The subjects were 480 male and female students in the five and six grade of a elementary school in Busan. The results of the study were as follows. First, there was a significant difference ing the attachment on father, mother and peer according to their sex and grades. Female students had strong attachment on mother and peer, and the lower grade of the students were the stronger attachment on their father and mother. Second, there was a significant effect which father, mother and peer attachment had on adolescents' self-efficacy. Adolescents had the stronger self-efficacy as they had the higher attachment. Third, Concerning the effect which father, mother and peer attachment had on adaptation to the school life, there was significant effect on it. the higher the adolescent's attachment was, the higher the degree of adaption of their school life was. Fourth, there was a significant effect which self-efficacy had on the adaptation of adolecents' school life. The higher self-efficacy the adolescents have, the higher degree of adaptation of school life they have. Fifth, As a result of a path analysis of father, mother, and peer attachment, it was found that the self-efficacy had a mediating effect in the relationship between the attachment and the adaptation of school life. Expecially, it was found that the effect that father and mother attachment had on the adaptation of adolescents' school life was direct one, while the defect that peer attachment had on adaptation of school life was indirect one.

용융탄산염 연료전지의 CFD를 이용한 수치모사

劉旼炡,鄭貴榮 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2004 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The gas channels of the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) have been studied numerically. Distributions of pressure and gas compositions in the anode and the cathode gas channels were observed. The rate constant of the electrochemical reaction was deduced with the value of hydrogen usage. Calculations were made at the different values of the reaction rate constant and also at different sizes of gas channels. The commercial fluid dynamics program, Phoenics, was used. When the volumetric velocity is constant and the height of gas channel is changed, the changes of the CO2 concentration are big when the height of gas channel is thick. When the volumetric velocity is constant and the rates of generation and consumption are multiplied by 0.5, 1 and 2, the changes of the CO2 concentration are big when the rate of generation and consumption is big. On the other hand, when the linear velocity is constant, the changes of the CO2 concentration are big when the height of gas channel is thin.

위암 환자에서 절제된 림프절 수의 차이와 관련이 있는 인자

정귀애,박정희,변익건,김경종,장정환,김권천,민영돈 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2004 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: By the definition of UICC TNM classification (fifth edition), the nodal stage of gastric cancer is based on the number of metastatic lymph nodes, which is influenced by the number of resected lymph nodes. And individual differences in the number of resected lymph nodes had been observed in patients with gastric cancer. The aim of this study is to verify the factors which are associated with the difference in the number of resected lymph nodes in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: We reviewed 613 patients with gastric cancer who underwent curative resection and D2 lymph node dissection with 15 or more resected lymph nodes. The number of resected lymph nodes was analyzed according to the characteristics of patients, the types of operation and prognostic factors of gastric cancer. Results: The mean number of resected lymph nodes per patient was 33.0 (median: 31.0, range: 15-88). The number of resected lymph nodes was significantly associated with the types of operation, the location and size of tumor, macroscopic types, depth of tumor invasion and the number of metastatic lymph nodes. Patient's age, gender and the histopathological finding's had no relationship with the number of resected lymph nodes. Conclusions: The number of resected lymph nodes from gastric cancer was different in each patient despite of same D2 lymph node dissection and it was associated with several prognostic factors of gastric cancer.

체육수업에서 아동의 집단적·협력적 활동평가를 위한 형성적 평가표 작성방법에 관한 연구

차정훈,안길영,배귀영 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.5

A new formative evaluation instrument focusing on students' interactive and cooperative behaviors in physical education class was developed, Three hundred and sixty-four Japanese elementary students in the sixth grade participating in 12 PE classes answered to questionnaire consisting of 3D items with 3-point intensity scale. Item analysis canceled 9 items and factor analysis of 21 items based on promax rotation revealed 5 factors, which were named Cooperative achievement, Cooperative thinking, Positive interaction with teammates, Human relations hip in the group, and Motive for cooperative activities. This scale was condensed into 10 items typical of each factor by an applicable selection and had similar factorial simple with consistent reliability (alpha=.75). We could confirm that the average score of this scale had increased through out a "Karada-Hogushi no Undo" unit including six sessions in the sixth grade's PE class (Repeated Measures ANOVA; p<.05) and agreed with "task appropriateness" for students. This scale may be viewed as an useful instrument for assessment and improvement of PE class intending students to interact with one another.