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Guak, Sunghee Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2013 원예과학기술지 Vol.31 No.1
Prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca), ethephon and transient water stress were evaluated in a factorial design, as potential inhibitors of early-season shoot growth of high density orchard management of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees. In the experiment, water stress was imposed to one-half of the 7-year-old 'Golden Delicious'/M.9 apple trees in each of 5 blocks, by stopping irrigation for 3 weeks between 35 and 56 days after full bloom (AFB). Within each whole unit, the following Pro-Ca and ethephon treatments were randomly allocated at $2{\times}2$ factorial: a) 0 or 250 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ a.i. Pro-Ca applied at 28 days AFB and b) 0 or 300 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ a.i. ethephon applied twice (35 and 71 days AFB). All trees were hand thinned to king flowers prior to treatments. Vegetative shoot growth was markedly reduced by Pro-Ca, with its effect being obvious within 14 days after application, while ethephon and water stress treatments were less effective. Pro-Ca had no effect on fruit set and yield but slightly increased fruit size. Ethephon substantially reduced the fruit size and yield but had no effect on fruit set. Water stress reduced fruit set, fruit size and yield. With regard to fruit quality, Pro-Ca did not influence fruit shape, flesh firmness and soluble solids contents (SSC) but slightly reduced titratable acidity. Ethephon had no effect on fruit shape but increased firmness, SSC and acidity, while water stress did not influence these fruit quality attributes. Dry weight of dormant spur buds was reduced by both Pro-Ca and water stress, while increased by ethephon. The larger dormant buds led to the larger spur flowers at the tight cluster stage the following spring. Return flowering was promoted only by ethephon, especially on previous season's shoots. There were no significant interactions between Pro-Ca and ethephon or water stress on most variables observed in this study.
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Guak Sung-Hee The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control 2006 시설원예‧식물공장 Vol.15 No.1
A hypertonic solution of sorbitol was used to precondition Douglas-fir and Western hemlock plug seedlings to improve desiccation resistance. Seedlings were preconditioned by soaking their root balls in water, -0.75 or -1.50 MPa sorbitol solution for 22 hr, and then exposed to desiccation conditions for 8 days. During the desiccation period, a transpirational water loss was significantly reduced by the sorbitol preconditioning, with its effect positively depending on concentration. This preconditioning-induced reduction in water loss was mainly caused by the decline in needle stomatal conductance. Sorbitol-induced stomatal control was more closely associated with reduction in plant water potential, rather than increase in abscisic acid concentrations. After rehydration of stressed-plants, most of the preconditioned seedlings with sorbitol were survived, while only 35% of Douglas-fir and 28% of Western hemlock seedlings treated with water were alive. The post-growth was significantly greater in the preconditioned seedlings than only water-treated seedlings. These results suggested that the earlier stomatal control with sorbitol-facilitated preconditioning could play a role in improving desiccation resistance of evergreen woody plants at transplanting in the field where water supply is limited or dry conditions are prevailing.
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郭翠榮(Guak Chyu-Young),李鶴圭(Rhee Hack-Kyu) 한국관세학회 2004 관세학회지 Vol.5 No.3
Generally speaking, financial medium structure consists of bank financial medium structure and non-bank financial medium structure. Banks usually play an important role as a financial medium structure. But, Non-bank financial medium structure have recently replaced banks's role as a financial medium structure.
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Sunghee Guak (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2006 시설원예‧식물공장 Vol.15 No.1
A hypertonic solution of sorbitol was used to precondition Douglas-fir and Western hemlock plug seedlings to improve desiccation resistance. Seedlings were preconditioned by soaking their root balls in water, -0.75 or -1.50 ㎫ sorbitol solution for 22 hr, and then exposed to desiccation conditions for 8 days. During the desiccation period, a transpirational water loss was significantly reduced by the sorbitol preconditioning, with its effect positively depending on concentration. This preconditioning-induced reduction in water loss was mainly caused by the decline in needle stomatal conductance. Sorbitol-induced stomatal control was more closely associated with reduction in plant water potential, rather than increase in abscisic acid concentrations. After rehydration of stressed-plants, most of the preconditioned seedlings with sorbitol were survived, while only 35% of Douglas-fir and 28% of Western hemlock seedlings treated with water were alive. The post-growth was significantly greater in the preconditioned seedlings than only water-treated seedlings. These results suggested that the earlier stomatal control with sorbitol-facilitated preconditioning could playa role in improving desiccation resistance of evergreen woody plants at transplanting in the field where water supply is limited or dry conditions are prevailing.
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MaxCel<SUP>®</SUP> as a Postbloom Thinner for ‘Hongro’ and ‘Fuji’ Apples
Sunghee Guak,Eun-Ju Kim,Jung-Ryul Kook,Dong-Geun Choi 한국원예학회 2009 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.50 No.3
MaxCel<SUP>®</SUP>, benzyladenine containing product developed for postbloom apple thinner, was tested to reduce the crop load of ‘Hongro’ and ‘Fuji’/M.9 apple trees (Malus domestica) in Jangsu, Korea. In 2005, to determine the appropriate application rate, 75 or 100 ㎎ㆍL?¹ a.i. MaxCel was applied to ‘Hongro’, while 100 or 125 ㎎ㆍL?¹ to ‘Fuji’ apple. Carbaryl at 1,000 ㎎ㆍL?¹ was involved for comparison. In 2006, the appropriate timing of application was determined by spraying the trees with MaxCel at 100 and 125 ㎎ㆍL?¹ for ‘Hongro’ and ‘Fuji’ apple, respectively, at various times between 6- to 15-㎜ fruit size. In general, thinning response to MaxCel was proportional to rate. In ‘Hongro’, we found quite variable thinning activities year to year: MaxCel at 100 ㎎ㆍL?¹ a.i. applied at around 10-㎜ fruit size reduced crop load by 25% in 2005, while the reduction was almost doubled in 2006. In ‘Fuji’, 125 ㎎ㆍL?¹ MaxCel applied at around 10-㎜ fruit size reduced crop load about 26%. In both cultivars, MaxCel worked better than carbaryl that showed just a slight thinning activity. Tank mixed with carbaryl, the lower rate of MaxCel (75 ㎎ㆍL?¹ for ‘Hongro’ and 100 ㎎ㆍL?¹ for ‘Fuji’), reduced the crop load to the level similar to their higher rate. The effect of MaxCel on fruit quality at harvest or after storage was found to be minimal in both cultivars, except for a slight reduction in fruit firmness of ‘Hongro’ apple by MaxCel treatment. As for timing of application, in general, similar thinning responses occurred regardless of the application timing (6- to 15-㎜ fruit size) on both cultivars.
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Sunghee Guak 한국원예학회 2013 원예과학기술지 Vol.31 No.1
Prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca), ethephon and transient water stress were evaluated in a factorial design, as potential inhibitors of early-season shoot growth of high density orchard management of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees. In the experiment, water stress was imposed to one-half of the 7-year-old ‘Golden Delicious’/M.9 apple trees in each of 5 blocks, by stopping irrigation for 3 weeks between 35 and 56 days after full bloom (AFB). Within each whole unit, the following Pro-Ca and ethephon treatments were randomly allocated at 2 × 2 factorial: a) 0 or 250 mg・L<SUP>-1</SUP> a.i. Pro-Ca applied at 28 days AFB and b) 0 or 300 mg・L<SUP>-1</SUP> a.i. ethephon applied twice (35 and 71 days AFB). All trees were hand thinned to king flowers prior to treatments. Vegetative shoot growth was markedly reduced by Pro-Ca, with its effect being obvious within 14 days after application, while ethephon and water stress treatments were less effective. Pro-Ca had no effect on fruit set and yield but slightly increased fruit size. Ethephon substantially reduced the fruit size and yield but had no effect on fruit set. Water stress reduced fruit set, fruit size and yield. With regard to fruit quality, Pro-Ca did not influence fruit shape, flesh firmness and soluble solids contents (SSC) but slightly reduced titratable acidity. Ethephon had no effect on fruit shape but increased firmness, SSC and acidity, while water stress did not influence these fruit quality attributes. Dry weight of dormant spur buds was reduced by both Pro-Ca and water stress, while increased by ethephon. The larger dormant buds led to the larger spur flowers at the tight cluster stage the following spring. Return flowering was promoted only by ethephon, especially on previous season’s shoots. There were no significant interactions between Pro-Ca and ethephon or water stress on most variables observed in this study.
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곽수영(Sooyoung Guak),이기영(Kiyoung Lee) 한국환경보건학회 2022 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.48 No.3
Public interest has been increasing the focus on the management of exposure to pollutants and the related health effects. This study reviewed exposure assessment methodologies and addressed future directions. Exposure can be assessed by direct (exposure monitoring) or indirect approaches (exposure modelling). Exposure modelling is a cost-effective tool to assess exposure among individuals, but direct personal monitoring provides more accurate exposure data. There are several population exposure models: stochastic human exposure and dose simulation (SHEDS), air pollutants exposure (APEX), and air pollution exposure distributions within adult urban population in Europe (EXPOLIS). A South Korean population exposure model is needed since the resolution of ambient concentrations and time-activity patterns are country specific. Population exposure models could be useful to find the association between exposure to pollutants and adverse health effects in epidemiologic studies. With the advancement of sensor technology and the internet of things (IoT), exposure assessment could be applied in a real-time surveillance system. In the future, environmental health services will be useful to protect and promote human health from exposure to pollutants.
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