경추전방 유합술 후 인접분절의 변화

박희전,김인구,김완기 대한척추외과학회 2003 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.10 No.3

一部 中都市 地域의 女子初ㆍ中高校生의 成長發育과 營養狀態에 關한 硏究

宋寅九 大田開放大學 1984 論文集 Vol.1 No.-

The study is based on the Simple random Sampling of 1,752, elementary, middle, end high shoot girl students in Tae Jon - Shi. The measurement of physical growth and development was from OcToBer 5 to NoVeMBer 5 in 1983. Result of His study were as follows ; 1. Physical growth and development 1) Rapid growth of physical growth in terms of body height, body weight, chestgirth and sitting height has been observed 7~13 years- old girls, Growth in terms of Physical growth and development turned out to be slower among students of the older 2) In the physical growth End development, Some increasing was appeared from 7 years old to 18 years - old( hight, body weight, chest - girth, sitting height ) 3) The maximum annual growth rates were as follows ; Body height ; 8.39㎝ during the age 8∼9 years old, Body weight ; 6.97㎏ during the age 11∼12 years old, chest - girth ; 4.62㎝ during the a9e 10∼11 years old, Sitting height; 3.33㎝ during the age 8∼9 years old, 4) The standards of growth in rescent Korean Students were shown much improving than that of 1978. 2. Various indicas about physical growth and development 1) The lineal increase of relative body weight was shown in belonging during the age 7∼16. 2) As for relative chest girth, it is small in the age of 11, but when they are 12, it becomes normal 3) The average relative sitting height was shown to be constant nearly to the same degree of 54∼55. 4) Rohrer index was 1.1~1.3 5) The kaup index was lower than 2.0 below the 12 years of a9e . It becomes higher than 2.0 after they reach in the age of 13. 6) Vervaeck index was 67∼85. 7) Pelidisi index of the nutritional status was obtained 89∼93 for girls.

Encapsulation of Various Guests by an Anionic In-Metal–Organic Framework Containing Tritopic BTB Ligand: Crystal Structure of Reichardt’s Dye Captured in an In-Metal–Organic Framework

Cho, Eun-Young,Gu, Ja-Min,Choi, In-Hwan,Kim, Wan-Seok,Hwang, Yong-Kyung,Huh, Seong,Kim, Sung-Jin,Kim, Youngmee The American Chemical Society 2014 CRYSTAL GROWTH AND DESIGN Vol.14 No.10

<P>The reaction between 1,3,5-benzenetribenzoic acid (H<SUB>3</SUB>BTB) and In(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> hydrate in diethylformamide yielded a new In<SUP>III</SUP>-metal-organic framework, [(CH<SUB>3</SUB>CH<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>NH<SUB>2</SUB>]<SUB>3</SUB>[In<SUB>3</SUB>(BTB)<SUB>4</SUB>]·10DEF·14H<SUB>2</SUB>O (<B>I</B>). The countercation and solvent-free doubly interpenetrated <B>I</B> potentially contains 71.0% of solvent accessible void. Although the framework of <B>I</B> was not stable enough to maintain its original structure when the solvent molecules were removed, the as-prepared <B>I</B> was found to be a very good sorbent for acridine orange hydrochloride, a large Reichardt’s dye, and hydrophobic iodine molecule in solution. The as-prepared <B>I</B> exhibited increased uptake amount in the order of Reichardt’s dye > acridine orange hydrochloride > iodine. The largest uptake of the bulky Reichardt’s dye by <B>I</B> could be attributed to the optimized structural fitting of Reichardt’s dye into the large three-dimensional void space of <B>I</B>. The structure of Reichardt’s dye-encapsulated <B>I_RD</B> was unambiguously revealed by X-ray crystallography for the first time.</P><P>Thermal reaction between the tritopic ligand, 1,3,5-benzenetribenzoic acid (H<SUB>3</SUB>BTB), and In(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> hydrate in diethylformamide yielded colorless crystals formulated as [(CH<SUB>3</SUB>CH<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>NH<SUB>2</SUB>]<SUB>3</SUB>[In<SUB>3</SUB>(BTB)<SUB>4</SUB>]·10DEF·14H<SUB>2</SUB>O (<B>I</B>). The as-prepared <B>I</B> was found to be a good sorbent material for positively charged acridine orange, a large Reichardt’s dye, and hydrophobic iodine molecule in solution.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cgdefu/2014/cgdefu.2014.14.issue-10/cg5005837/production/images/medium/cg-2014-005837_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cg5005837'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

대학 학생운동선수의 역할 갈등에 관한 연구

박치현,정구영,형구암,신인숙 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.20 No.1

Walter Byers, the NCAA Executive Director from 1951 to 1987, coined the term 'student-athlete' in 1973. This phrase has since become widely recognized on college campuses and within society, and implies dual and separate role of being both a student and an athlete. As the term implies, these individuals attend college for two main reason: to make progress towards a college degree and to participate in intercollegiate athletics. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing role conflict on personal attributes, athletic performance and role salience among collegiate student-athletes. The sample was drawn from 821 student-athletes who involved in intercollegiate athletics at the university located in Seoul and Kyunggido and enrolled in Korea Sports Council. They were selected by the method of stratified cluster random sampling. A survey was undertaken from 2003, using the self-administration method. All of questionnaires were personally delivered to the respondents, who immediately filled them out. t-test, one-way ANOVA, multiple regression were used to test and analysis the proposed model in the study. The findings of this study were as follow: 1. Female athletes shows greater cognitive and empirical status role conflict and load conflict, cognitive self role conflict, and empirical student-athlete role conflict than male athletes, three years athletes shows greater cognitive and empirical student-athlete role conflict than any other years athletes, and athletes with high level of life shows cognitive self role conflict and empirical student-athlete role conflict than any other athletes with love of life. 2. Athletic success influence cognitive self role conflict, and playing career has effect on empirical student-athlete role conflict. 3. Relative knowledge related in role of student and athlete has effect on all of cognitive and empirical role conflict, relative time spent in role of student and athlete has effect on cognitive status role conflict, cognitive and empirical load role conflict, and empirical student-athlete role conflict. And relative values of role of student and athlete has effect on cognitive and empirical status role conflict, cognitive and empirical load role conflict, empirical self role conflict and empirical student-athlete role conflict, and relative devotion in role of student and athlete has effect on cognitive self role conflict. status role conflict, load role conflict, and student-athlete role conflict, And satisfaction with student role has effects on cognitive self role conflict, and empirical status role conflict and load role conflict.

국민생활관 운영프로그램개발 및 경영전략

송인구 한밭대학교 산업과학기술연구소 1995 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

The National Living Halls in commemoration of the Olympic games are acknowledge as a living space for all the people. These halls were established and have been operating in 15 cities and provinces, one hall each, throughout the country. However, it seems somewhat insufiicient for many people to join in. In the future, the Government shall have to construct gymnasiums by the unit of Shi(city)/Gun(county) in a level of pormoting national prosperity through physical culture. Meanwhile the National Living Halls shall have to develop a new program suitable to regional conditions, and popularize it. In management, scientific management of system and execution outside the budget are required. Improvement of office workers service and modernization of facilities are required.

무선 애드 혹 네트워크에서 효과적인 메시지 전달을 위한 Directional Partial Dominant Pruning 알고리즘

한인구(In-Gu Han),임기욱(Kee-Wook Rim),이정현(Jung-Hyun Lee) 한국산업정보학회 2009 한국산업정보학회논문지 Vol.14 No.2

이동 애드 혹 네트워크에 있어서 브로드캐스팅을 실현할 때에 전달 메시지가 과중하게 중복 발생하는 것을 줄이기 위해 메시지를 수신하고 전달하는 역할을 맡는 전탈 노드들을 in-fly 형태로 지정하도록 하는 기법 중 가장 실용적인 것으로는 PDP(Partial Dominant Pruning) 기법[1]을 들 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 PDP를 확장하여 방향성 안테나를 이용하는 애드 혹 네트워크에 있어서 전달 노드들의 수는 물론, 이때 수반되는 안테나 요소 수를 동시에 줄이도록 하는 확장된 DPDP (Directional PDP) 기법을 제안한다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 사용 안테나 요소 수(K)가 증가함에 따라 선정되는 전달 노드의 수는 전 방향 안테나를 사용하는 경우에 비해 다소 증가하지만 안테나 요소 별 평균 전달 노드 수와 노드 별 메시지 중복 수신 수에서는 모두 PDP 기법에 비해 우수함을 보였다. The most efficient method to reduce duplicated messages is a partial dominant pruning for receiving and forwarding messages by in-fly format on the mobile ad hoc network. In this paper, we propose directional partial dominant pruning method by expanding partial dominant pruning for reducing not only number of forwarding nodes but number of antenna elements on the ad hoc network with directional antennas. by simulation, we prove superiority that average number of forwarding nodes for each antenna element and the ratio of duplicated messages for each nodes rather than existing partial dominant pruning method though the number of antenna elements are increasing rather than in case of using omni antennas.

Er:YAG laser 조사에 의한 치은연하치석 제거효과

조인구,김영준,김병국,정현주 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2002 구강과학 Vol.14 No.3

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficiency of Er:YAG laser on calculus removal and the morphologic changes and hardness of the irradiated surface at different power settings. This experiment used human teeth which were extracted due to periodontal disease and had a band of calculus. Forty root slabs (5x5mm^2) were made and divided into control group and irradiated groups. Experimental groups were as follows;Control group (root planing), Group 1 (irradiated with laser at 30mj), Group 2(irradiated with laser at 60mJ). and Group 3(irradiated with laser at 100mJ). Twelve root slabs embedded in resin block were used in each group. Er:YAG laser was applied under water irrigation with the tip held perpendicular to the root surface in contact mode. The treatment time was measured until the calculus was removed completely under naked eyes. The efficiency of calculus removal was evaluated by the time for removal. Morphological changes of laser irradiated site were observed under SEM and the surface hardness was measured using a VH tester. The results were as follows; 1. The efficiency of laser scaling was increased with increasing the energy level of irradiation. (p<0.05) 2. The morphological changes such as carbonization, crater and scale-like defects in the irradiated root surface were frequently observed with increasing the energy level. 3. The surface hardness tended to increase at 60mJ and 100mJ irradiated groups than that of control group. From the results evaluting on the efficiency, morphological change, and surface hardness, lower energy level was suggested f'or the clinical application of the Er:YAG laser in scaling.

1992년도 충북대학교 병원 응급실을 방문한 신경정신과 환자의 제반 특성에 관한 연구

鄭寅元,李相九,李相益 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 1992 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.2 No.1

본 연구에서는 1992년 1월부터 1992년 10월까지 충북대학교 의과대학 부속병원 응급실을 통해 내원한 신경정신과 환자의 특성을 알아보고자 하였으며, 저자들은 이중 많은 부분을 차지했던 전환 장애 환자 17명과 대조군으로 전환장애를 제외한 신경증 환자 17명을 비교고찰하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 응급실을 통해 내원은 환자중 68%가 신경증 환자였고, 성별로는 여자가 76%이였으며, 연령별로는 20대와 30대가 반수를 차지하였다. 2) 연령, 성별, 출생지, 성장지, 현거주지, 결혼상태, 유병기간, 유발인자, 정신과적 기왕력, 추적치료 및 응급실 체류 기간에 대해 양군 사이의 차이가 없었다. 3) 내원경위(p<0.01) 및 내원 동기(p<0.05)에 대해 양군사이의 유의한 차이가 있었다. This study was conducted the charateristics of neuropsychiatric emergency patients(n=50) who had visited the emergency room at Chungbuk National University Hospital from January 1, 1992 to October 31, 1992. The authors compared 17 psychiatric patients who were diagnosed conversion disorder with 17 psychiatric patients who were diagnosed other neurosis as the contron group. The results were the followings. 1) 68% of the patients who visited the emergency room were neurotic patients, 76% of them were female, and a half of them were in twenties and thirties in age. 2) There was no significant difference between the two groups in age, birth place, grown place, present address, marital status, duration of illness, precipitation factor, previous psychiatric history, follow-up treatment and duration of stay in emergency room. 3) There were singificant differences between the two groups in course(p<0.01) of visitation and motivation of visitation(p<0.05).

국민학교 교사의 통합교육과정 운영에 관한 이론적 탐색 : 영향변인 및 의사결정방식

황구연,김인숙 진주교육대학교 1995 論文集 Vol.39 No.1

The purpose of this study is to examine and discuss the effect factors on the teacher's management of the elementary school curriculum, to review the preceding researches on the changes of the teacher's role in the curriculum management and to discuss the elementary school teacher's decision-making style on the management of the integrated curriculum. Various effect factors influence the process of teacher's decision making related to the school curriculum management. These factors can be classified by some kinds of standards and the degree of the influence of each factor differs according to the phase of the curriculum management and the characteristics of the school, student and teacher organization. Teacher's roles in the curriculum management are classified into two types : one is the role to believer the fired curriculum and the other is the role to participate in the decision-making process on the curriculum The fact that the 6th revised elementary school curriculum involves more flexibility on the curriculum management suggests that teachers will have more chance to take part in the process of decision making on the curriculum management, This change of teacher role requires that teachers hale more professionalism and autonomy on the curriculum management. All the staff members in school should decide collegially and cooperatively about the curriculum management. Preceding research results show that teachers generally want to participate in the decision-making process in the school, but the needs level of participation depends on the decision domains. On the curriculum management, teachers make a decision at a perspective that is placed between perceived and reflective perspective. The perceived decision-making perspective focuses the division of subject-matters, strict disciplines arid student achievement. In contrast, the reflective decision-making perspective puts emphasis on student's development and individuality, integrated curriculum and flexible curriculum management. Therefore the management style of the integrated curriculum approaches the reflective decision-making perspective.

레진모형 근관에서 Ni-Ti 파일로 근관성형 후 거타퍼챠콘의 근관내 삽입깊이에 대한 연구

조현구,황윤찬,황인남,오원만 大韓齒科保存學會 2007 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.32 No.6

본 연구는 레진모형 만곡근관에서 여러 가지 엔진구동형 Ni-Ti파일로 근관성형 후,같은 경사도를 가진 수종의 거타퍼챠콘을 적용시 근관 내 삽입 깊이에 대해 비교, 분석해보고자 시행하였다. 레진 모형근관으로 J자의 근관형태가 재현된 ENDO-TRAINING BLOCK 50개를 사용하여 각각 10개씩 1) ProFile .04 taper #25, 2) ProFile .06 taper #25, 3) ProTaper F2, 4) HEROShaper .04 taper #25, 5) HEROShaper .06 taper #25 파일로 최종 근관성형 하였다. 거타퍼챠콘은 META (META Biomed, Korea), Sure-Endo (SUREDENT, Korea) 그리고 DiaDent (DiaDent Group International Inc., Canada)의 .04 및 .06 경사도의 콘을 사용하였으며 선택된 거타퍼챠콘의 직경 및 경사도를 측정하였다. ProFile과 HEROShaper로 성형한 레진블록에는 사용된 Ni-Ti 파일의 경사도에 맞는 제조회사별 .04 및 .06 경사도의 거타퍼챠콘을 10개씩 근관에 적용하였으며, ProTaper로 성형한 레진블록에는 경사도와 무관하게 제조회사별 .04 및 .06 경사도의 거타퍼챠콘을 10개씩 적용하였다. 거타퍼챠콘을 근관 내 적용한 상태에서 스캐너를 이용하여 이미지를 얻은 후 이미지 분석 프로그램을 사용하여 근첨에서 거타퍼챠콘 첨부까지의 거리를 측정하였고 다음의 결과를 얻었다. HEROShaer를 이용하여 근관성형 한 경우 ProFile 및 ProTaper보다 거타퍼챠콘의 근관 내 적합성이 우수하게 나타났으며, 근관성형 시 .04 taper HEROShaper로 근관성형 후에는 META 거타퍼챠콘 및 Sure-Endo 거타퍼챠콘을, .06 taper HEROShaper로 근관성형 후에는 DiaDent 거타퍼챠콘을 마스터콘으로 사용시 근관 내 적합성이 우수하게 나타났다. 따라서 근관성형 후 사용한 Ni-Ti 파일과 같은 경사도를 가진 거타퍼챠콘이 근관에 알맞게 위치되는 것은 아니며 근관충전 시 적절한 마스터콘의 선택이 필요함을 시사한다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the insertion depth of several brands of master gutta percha cones after shaping by various Ni-Ti rotary files in simulated canals. Fifty resin simulated J-shape canals were instrumented with ProFile, ProTaper and HEROShaper. Simulated canals were prepared with ProFile .04 taper #25 (n = 10), .06 taper #25 (n = 10), ProTaper F2 (n = 10), HEROShaper .04 taper #25 (n = 10) and .06 taper #25 (n = 10). Size #25 gutta percha cones with a .04 & .06 taper from three different brands were used: DiaDent; META; Sure-endo. The gutta percha cones were selected and inserted into the prepared simulated canals. The distance from the apex of the prepared canal to the gutta percha cone tip was measured by image analysis program. Within limited data of this study, the results were as follows 1. When the simulated root canals were prepared with HEROShaper, gutta-percha cones were closely adapted to the root canal. 2. All brands of gutta percha cones fail to go to the prepared length in canal which was instrumented with ProFile, the cones extend beyond the prepared length in canal which was prepared with ProTaper. 3. In canal which was instrumented with HEROShaper .04 taper #25, Sure-endo .04 taper master gutta percha cone was well fitted (p < 0.05). 4. In canal which was instrumented with HEROShaper .06 taper #25, META .06 taper master gutta percha cone was well fitted (p ( 0.05). As a result, we concluded that the insertion depth of all brands of master gutta percha cone do not match the rotary instrument, even though it was prepared by crown-down technique, as recommended by the manufacturer. Therefore, the master cone should be carefully selected to match the depth of the prepared canal for adequate obturation.