Structure - Funcation Analysis of PRD1 DNA Polymerase

Jung, Gu Hung 한국유전학회 1989 Genes & Genomics Vol.11 No.4

A small lipid-containing bacteriophage PRD1 specifies its own DNA polymerase which utilizes terminal protein as a primer for DNA synthesis. The PRD1 DNA polymerase gene has been sequenced and its amino acid sequence deduced, It is the smallest DNA polymerase ever isolated from prokaryotic cells. Comparison of the PRD1 DNA polymerase with other DNA polymerase yielded segmental but significant homologies. These results strongly suggest that many prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA polymerase genes regardless of size have evolved from a common ancestral gene. We propose to classify DNA polymerases on the basis of their evolutionary relatedness. In order to overexpress PRD1 DNA polymerase in E. coli cells, the 2kb Hae II fragment was isolated from phage genomic DNA. This fragment was then cloned into pEMBLex3 expression vector. A specific 57 bp deletion was performed to remove an unwanted non-coding region. Upon heat induction, a protein with an apparent size of 68 kdal was overexpressed as an active PRD1 DNA polymerase. The expression of DNA polymerase was about 1% of total E. coli protein. The PRD1 DNA polymerase is a small multifunctional DNA polymerase and has three major conserved amino acid sequences which are shared among many DNA polymerases including human DNA polymerase alpha. Therefore, the PRD1 DNA polymerase provides an useful model system to study structure-function analysis of DNA polymerases. Four specific amino acid changes generated in conserved regions by the site-directed mutagenesis, in order to investigate their functional roles. Based on complementation test, three conserved regions are functional domains of PRD1 DNA polymerase.

Structure - Function Analysis of PRD1 DNA Polymerase

Gu Hung Jung 생화학분자생물학회 1990 90년도 학술대회 초록 Vol.- No.-

Overexpression of the bacteriophase PRD1 DNA polymerase

Jung, Gu-Hung The Microbiological Society of Korea 1992 미생물학회지 Vol.30 No.2

In order to overexpress bacteriophage PRD1 DNA polymerase in E. coli cells, the 2 kb HaeII fragment was isolated from phage genomic DNA. This fragment was then cloned into pEMBL/sup ex/ 3-expression vector. A specific 57bp deletion was performed by using uracil containing ss DNA and oligonucleotide spanning each region to remove an unwanted non-coding region. After this deletion, the PRD1 DNA polymerase gene is totally under the control of the vector promoter and SD sequence. Upon heat induction, a protein with an apparent size of 68 kdal was overexpressed as an active PRD1 DNA polymerase. The expression of PRD1 DNA polymerase was about 1% of total E. coli protein.

Homology of T5 exonuclease to Escherichia coli DNA polymerase Ⅰ

Jung, Gu Hung 한국유전학회 1990 Genes & Genomics Vol.12 No.4

The 5’-3’ exonuclease of bacteriophage T5 shows amino acid sequence homology to E. coli DNA polymerase I. The homologous regions of Pol I are located in the amino-terminal domain (small proteolysis fragment), which contains 5’-3’ exonuclease activity of that enzyme. The similarity of amino acid sequence and catalytic function of these two proteins implies they are evolutionarily related and that T5 exonuclease can be included in a small family of proteins which share sequence similarity with Pol I.

부력기구를 활용한 수중운동 프로그램이 편마비 환자의 보행 동작에 미치는 효과

홍승범,조효구,정태운 용인대학교 특수체육연구소 2009 특수체육연구 Vol.6 No.-

본 연구는 부력기구를 활용한 수중운동 프로그램이 편마비 환자의 보행동작에 미치는 효과를 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 대상자는 S시 B복지관을 이용하고 독립보행이 가능하지만 수중운동 프로그램에 참여 경험이 없는 뇌졸중 좌측편마비 환자 21명중 7명을 무선표집법에 의해 선정하였다. 수중운동 프로그램을 실시 한 후 신체중심 이동, 보행 주기, 다리관절각, 다리관절 각속도의 자료를 분석하기 위하여 SPSS ver. 13.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 대응표본 t-test를 실시하였다. 이상의 자료 분석 결과를 기초로 도출한 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 보행주기는 환측의 입각기와 단일지지기의 비율이 향상되고, 환측과 건측의 비율 차이가 줄어들어 보행주기가 개선된 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 신체중심의 이동은 거리가 늘어나고 시간은 줄어들어 속도가 빨라지는 결과는 수중운동프로그램이 편마비 환자의 보행 동작에서 신체중심 이동에 영향을 미친것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 관절각은 환측의 사전 측정결과 보다 관절각이 커지고 건측의 사전 측정결과 보다 작아져 수중운동 프로그램 참여 후에 환측과 건측의 좌우불균형이 개선된 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 관절각속도는 보행주기에서 나타난 근력향상과 관절각 결과에서 나타난 관절가동범위 향상으로 인해 관절각속도 또한 긍정적인 결과를 보이며, 특히 모든 관절이 입각기 시 보다 유각기에서 각속도가 개선된 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of the underwater exercise program that utilizes buoyancy appliances on the hemiplegics’ walking. The subjects are selected randomly among 21 patientswho have had been hemiplegic more than 5 years in B Rehabilitation Center in Seoul. The final 7 patients who had no exercise with left side hemiplegia were selected. After they have participated in 8-week underwater exercise program, central body movement, gait cycle, the angle of legs joints and the angular speed of leg joints are analyzed with paired t-test using statistics program, SPSS 13.0. Based on the analysis of collected data, this research makes following conclusions. First, while the subject is walking, there is increase in displacement for central body movement and decrease in time resuted in increase in speed. This result made the central body movement affected the gait. Second, Improvement in the ratio of stance phase to single needling support phase and decrease in the ratio difference between hemiplegic and normal side leads to improvement of gait cycle. Third, the disparity between hemiplegic and normal side have improved with increase of the angle of leg joint for hemplegic side and decrease of the normal side after participating in the underwater exercise program. Lastly, as a result of muscular strengthening from gait cycle and range increase of joint angle, angular speed also shows improvement, especially in the swing phase compared to stance phase.

새로운 국소 도포 모형을 이용한 흥분성 신경전달물질의 Cortical Spreading Depression 유발에 대한 실험적 연구

박정율,박윤관,정용구,정흥섭,이기찬,이훈갑 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.3

The purpose of this study was, first, to devise a new model for topical application of excitatory amino acids(EAAs) to rat cerebral cortex that successfully and repeatedly initiate the cortical spreading depression(CSD). Then, by using this model, six major EAAs that are known to act on single or multiple subtypes of EAA receptor were examined : glutamate, kainate, aspartate, N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA), quisqualate, and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propriate(AMPA). Through the model, with a cone-shaped well buried in 1.5㎜ depth of the cerebral cortex, these chemical agents were topically applied to the cortical gray matter. A total 50 Sprague-Dawley rats were used and divided into seven group including the sham group. Doses of each EAA between 10^(-7) and 10^(-4)M concentrations were escalated for triggering the CSD and its rate of consistency in triggering was also evaluated. In the overall results, CSDs were repeatedly initiated in all experimental groups with relatively consistent rates. Duration of CSDs were 1-4 minutes(mean 2.2±1.4) and amplitudes were 20-40㎷. Effective dose_(50)(ED_(50)), that trigger over 50% of CSD was 10^(-5)M(n=8) for glutamate, 10^(-7)M(n=8) for aspartate, 10^9-5)M(n=7) for AMPA, 10^(-5)M(n=7) for quisqualate, and 10^(-4)M(n=7) for NMDA and kainate group. Among those acting on the single receptor. AMPA was shown to be the most effective in triggering CSD, and NMDA, and kainate were in descending orders. Aspartate that was known to act on multiple EAA receptors, showed the highest rate of triggering CSD among all groups, but glutamate, known to act on all receptors of its subtypes, showed the most consistent ratee of triggering CSD at dose escalation. These results revealed that those EAA acting on multiple receptors, namely aspartate and glutamate, showed the highest and most consistent rate of triggering CSD. Among those acting on single channel of receptors. AMPA was the most effective, although its consistency and rate of triggering of CSD was somewhat lower than those of aspartate and glutamate. Some of the possible factors that might be involved in this discrepancy would be the difference in number of receptors presented in various regions of cerebral cortex, receptor-specificity of various EAAs, and the mode of triggering of CSD, etc,. Results from the present study showed that it was possible, by using a newly devised in vivo rat model for topical application of chemical agents to the cerebral cortex, not only to initiate but also repeatedly produce CSDs without additional injuries to the cortex.

Sensation recovery of auricle following chronic ear surgery by retroauricular incision.

Kang, Hung-Soo,Ahn, Seong-Ki,Jeon, Sea-Yuong,Hur, Dong Gu,Kim, Jin-Pyeong,Park, Jung Je,Kim, Dae Woo,Woo, Seung Hoon Springer International 2012 European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology Vol.269 No.1

<P>The aim of this prospective analysis was to objectify and quantify the sensory loss in the auricular area that occurs following surgery for chronic otitis media or cholesteatoma, and to assess the exact recovery time of the auricular sensation. Till now, no study has yet been conducted on the sensory loss that is developed after retroauricular incision is performed for chronic ear surgery. Forty-eight patients underwent surgery via retroauricular incision for chronic otitis media or for chronic otitis media or cholesteatoma between March 2009 and January 2010. The skin around the auricle was divided into six areas. The sensation of each area was assessed before the surgery and 3 days, 7 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after the surgery, using the Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments. The patients were also asked to record the sensation that they felt using the visual analog scale (VAS). In the objective sensory assessment, only area 5, which corresponds to the retroauricular area, showed significant sensory loss. Three months after the surgery, the sensation was recovered to a level comparable to that before the surgery in most of the patients. The mean subjective VAS score was 10 prior to the surgery, 8.56 ( 1.08) 3 months after the surgery, and 9.32 ( 0.74) 6 months after the surgery, respectively. In conclusion, following chronic ear surgery, the sensation of the auricle was recovered to the previous level within 3 months. Therefore, patients who are to undergo retroauricular incision should be informed that they will experience temporary sensory loss for approximately 3 months after the surgery.</P>

다단계 판매원의 직무 열의 및 소진에 대한 선행요인과 결과

정강옥(Ok, Jung Gang),권항구(Gu, Kwon Hang),지성구(Goo, Ji Seing) 한국서비스경영학회 2014 서비스경영학회지 Vol.15 No.3

The purpose of this study is to analyze antecedents that affect multilevel marketing distributors` job engagement and burnout based on the Job Demands-Resources Model. The study also examines relationship between customer-orientation and sales performance which are marketing outcome variables of multilevel marketing distributors` job engagement and burnout. The specific goals are as follows. First, it divides job demands into challenge stressors and hindrance stressors and analyze their influences on job engagement and burnout of multilevel marketing distributors. Second, it analyzes the impact of job resources on job engagement and burnout. Third, it analyzes the influences of job engagement and burnout on customer-orientation and sales performance. Fourth, it analyzes the impact of customer-orientation on sales performance. In order to accomplish the goals of the study, theoretical backgrounds were investigated, and the research model was developed, and several hypotheses were set up on the basis of the variables drawn from the previous studies. To test the hypotheses, in-depth interviews and questionnaires were carried out to the multilevel marketing distributors. Specifically, in-depth interviews of the incumbent multilevel marketing distributors were done to develop and elaborate the items of the variable measures in the questionnaires. The results of the interviews showed the possibility that there are various variables of stressors and job resources that would affect job engagement and burnout of multilevel marketing distributors. The questionnaires were given out to the current multilevel marketing distributors to obtain the data. Statistical methods and techniques such as factor analysis, structural equation modeling were used to testify the hypotheses. The results of the study can be summarized as follows. First, challenge stressors and hindrance stressors as sources of job demands affect job engagement and burnout differently. Challenge stressors such as job complexity and business responsibility increases job engagement and decreases job burnout. But, hindrance stressors such as interpersonal conflict and business insecurity decreases job engagement and increases job burnout. Second, job resources such as business autonomy and performance feedback increases job engagement and decreases job burnout. Third, job engagement affects customer-orientation positively, but does not have significant impact on sales performance. Fourth, unlike the hypotheses, job burnout has no casual impact on customer-orientation and sales performance significantly. Fifth, customer-orientation affects sales performance positively. The theoretical and managerial implications are discussed and the avenues for the future study are also suggested on the basis of the results.

Session F : Eukaryotic Gene Structure and Expression : IDENTIFICATION OF UPSTREAM ACTIVATION SEQUENCES AND DOWNSTREAM ACTIVATION SEQUENCE REQUIRED FOR TRANSCRIPTION OF GAPDH3 FROM SACCHAROMYCES SEREVISIAE

So Young Jung,Hae Yong Yoo,Young Ho Kim,Ji Young Kim,Gu Hung Jung,Hyune Mo Rho 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 1993 추계학술대회집 Vol.- No.-

뇌경색에 미치는 Allopurinol의 효과에 대한 실험적 연구

정용구,정흥섭,서중근,이훈갑,이기찬,주정화 대한신경외과학회 1990 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.19 No.8-9

Of the many potential sources of free radical generation, the enzyme xanthine oxidase has been shown to be important in ischemia in non-cerebral tissues. Oxygen-derived free radicals have been implicated in various pathological conditions including ischemia. Xanthine oxidase serve as a source of oxidizing agents such as superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide. It is investigated that the effect of a specific xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol. on infarct size in a model of continuous partial cerebral ischemia in rats. Infarct volume was measured by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining of brains removed 24 hours after middle cerebral arterial occlusion. Infarct size was reduced by 26.3% in allopurinol treatment before middle cerebral arterial occlusion. Cortical tissue was more effectively protected than basal tissue, especially in allopurinol pretreated group. On histological examinations, hemispheric swelling, PMN cell infiltration and endothelial damage were noted irrespective of allopurinol treatment. It was speculated that free radicals arc important in infarction secondary to partial continuous cerebral ischemia and that xanthine oxidase may by the primary sources of these radicals.