ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSIGHITS INTO HUMAN BEHAVIOR : Culture: Universality vs. Variability

Greenberg, Norman C. 충남대학교 미국학연구소 1982 美國學論文集 Vol.4 No.-

Having begun with the concept of culture it seems appropriate to summarize with a statement about society. If humans live by cultural norms, they also live in a society. And this living in society dictates what must be a part of the individual's and group's culture. Society may be defined as the community of persons who share a culture and feel themselves in some way to be a unit. Though the terms culture and society are often used interchangeably, they refer to different aspects: culture is the way of acting, the bony of tradition, the learned behavior of a society; a society is the body of personnel, who interact with one another in a regular manner and who share a culture that sets this mode of interaction. Every society operates within a set of conditions, determined basically by the physical environment in which it exists and the technical knowledge it has at its command with which to cope with the environment. This ecological setting places further demands on the society; that is, places limitations on the way in which the society operates. The cultural setting influences human behavior. Where a tribe live shunting and food gathering in an extremely poor environment, foodsharing institutions are necessary. Among the Andaman Islanders there is such a strong emphasis on generosity that no man would fail to give away the large and better part of the dugong he has killed. Among the Arunta of Australia there is no value placed upon generosity but, customary to their law, a person is simply expected to give certain portions of a successful hunt to particular relatives. On the other hand, societies with large populations can ignore their starving citizens if it is within their ethical to do so. The Eskimos, the Bushmen of the Kalhari, the native Australians, or others who live in exceedingly bleak environments where it is necessary to be constantly on the move in search of food, practice infanticide . In the past there were no alternatives. It is not fair to limit such examples to primitive circumstances. Where political states have come into being, they have certain general features which appear to be necessary for the maintenance of a political system. Among preliterate people, and often among people with writing, nations are given legitimacy by religious institutions and the belief that the ruler has a special relation to the gods which legitimatizes that rule. The ruler also has an army to enforce decisions. Only after political systems are firmly established does it appear that they can forego the former of these organizational devices, while apparently they can never entirely escape the latter. In modern industrial society we find the additional need for elaborate training institutions to develop and maintain the complex equipment of its highly technical economy. Despite the different demands of various economic conditions and social circumstances, despite the great variety of cultural forms that are found throughout the world, there is nevertheless a common core of cultural uniformity. To what degree human behavior must be viewed asa product of basic human physiological and psychological needs; to what degree they are the product of the fact of social existence and the requirements of social life, and to what degree they stem from the common core of human history, is a matter not yet fully known. They do however, suggest the basic unity of humankind.

Current Trends Stimulating the Growth of Distance Education in Higher Education in the United States of America

Greenberg, Joseph A .,Betts, Kristen S . 관광경영학회 1998 관광경영연구 Vol.3 No.-

메디아의 使用度와 信憑度

Greenberg, Bradley S. 중앙대학교 법학대학 1967 法政論叢 Vol.13 No.1

본 연구에 있어서의 주요한 발견은 다음과 같다. 1) 성별 그 자체만은 메디아의 신용도를 예보하는데 뚜렷한 성질이 있지만 연령과 성별을 구분해보면 더욱 실감하게 되어진다. 2) 교육정도와 메디아의 신뢰도와의 일반적인 상호관계는 남성응답자중 주로 노년층에서 발견된다. 3) 연령 자체만은 여성의 경우 직선적인 상호관계가 없기 때문에 메디아의 신뢰도에 대한 강력한 예보자는 될 수 없다. 더구나 연령문제는 교육정도를 증대시키는데 있어서 교육문제와 상호작용을 하므로 노년층과 청년층의 응답자간의 차이는 점증하고 있다. 4) 성별과 메디아사용도의 상호관계는교육정도 및 연령과는 별개이다. 5) 교육정도와 메디아사용도와의 상호관계는 성별 및 연령과는 별개문제이다. 6) 연령은 메디아사용도와 관계없다. 7) 메디아사용도와 신뢰도가 가장 높은 것으로 TV를 선택한 사람 가운데에서는 성별차는 연령이 낮거나 교육정도가 형편없는 사람은 예외로 한다. 8) 메디아의 사용도와 신뢰도가 가장 높은 것으로 신문을 택한 사람의 경우, 성별간의 광범한 상호관계는 나이가 많고 교육수준이 높은 응답자를 포함한다. 9) 메디아의 사용도와 신뢰도가 가장 좋은 것으로 TV를 택한 사람에게는 교육정도와의 상호관계 문제가 존속되고 있다. 10) 두가지의 예로서 신문을 택한 사람에게서는 노년층남성을 제외하고서 교육정도와의 상호관계는 존재하지 않는다. 11) 젊고 교육수준이 높은 남성은 뉴스원으로 신문을 계속해서 선택하지만, 명확하게 신임할 수 있는 메디아를 구분하느데느 신문, 텔레비전 양자를 두고 주저하지 않을 수 없는 것이다.

出生順位와 性別사이의 相關關係의 검출(抄譯)

Greenberg, R.A,white, C. 이화여자대학교문리대학수학회 1968 梨花數學會誌 Vol.1 No.-

Acyl-Homoserine lactone Quorum Sensing in Bactreria

Greenberg, E.Peter The Microbiological Society of Korea 2000 The journal of microbiology Vol.38 No.3

Recent advances in studies of bacterial gene expression and light microscopy show that cell-to cell communication and communication and community behavior are the rule rather than the exception. One type of cell-cell communication, quorum sensing in Gram-negative bacteria involves acyl-homoserine lactone signals. This type of quorum sension represents a dedicated communication system that enables a given species to sense when it has reached a critical population density. and to respond by activating expression of specific genes. The LuxR and LuxI proteins of Vibrio fisheri are the founding members of the acyl-homoserine lactone quorum sensing signal receptor and signal generator families of proteins. Acyl-homeserine lactone signaling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one model for the relationship between quorum sensing community behavior, and virulence. In the P. aeruginosa model. quorum sensing is required for normal biofilm maturation and virulence. There are multiple quorum-sensing circuits that control the expression of dozens of specific genes in P. aeruginosa.

Medical Management of Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction

Barry Greenberg 대한심장학회 2022 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.52 No.3

Treatment options for patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) have expanded considerably over the past few decades. Whereas neurohormonal modulation remains central to the management of patients with HFrEF, other pathways have been targeted with drugs that have novel mechanisms of action. The angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) which enhance levels of compensatory molecules such as the natriuretic peptides while simultaneously providing angiotensin receptor blockade have emerged as the preferred strategy for inhibiting the renin angiotensin system. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors which were developed as hypoglycemic agents have been shown to improve outcomes in patients with HF regardless of their diabetic status. These agents along with beta blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists are the core medical therapies for patients with HFrEF. Additional approaches using ivabradine to slow heart rate in patients with sinus rhythm, the hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate combination to unload the heart, digoxin to provide inotropic support and vericiguat to augment cyclic guanosine monophosphate production that have been shown in well-designed trials to have beneficial effects in the HFrEF population and are used as adjuncts to the core therapies in selected patients. This review provides an overview of the medical management of patients with HFrEF with focus on the major developments that have taken place in the field. It offers prospective of how these drugs should be employed in clinical practice and also a glimpse into some strategies that may prove to be useful in the future.

외국의 최신 문헌 초록 : Tolbutamide 검사에 의한 췌장암 진단

Leonard Greenberg,Salglassman,Donald Berkow Itz 대한내과학회 1962 대한내과학회지 Vol.5 No.8

ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSIGHTS INTO HUMAN BEHAVlOR Culture : Universality vs. Variability

(Norman C. Greenberg) 충남대학교 북미주연구소 1982 미국학논문집 Vol.4 No.-

EHP와 RRV의 Coinfection에 의한 Reassortants 선발에 관한 연구

유제현,조홍찬,송진욱,김유성,이영건,박선오,이종익,김응률,차광종,류영수,Harry B. Greenberg 건국대학교 동물자원연구센터 1998 動物資源硏究誌 Vol.19 No.-

본 연구는 두 종류의 rotavirus strain MA104 cell 상에서 동시감염시킨 후 gene이 서로 교차된 새로운 reassortants를 선발하기 위해 수행하였으며, 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. EHP T 와 RRV를 MA104 세포에 감염시켜 cytopathic effect(CPE)를 확인하였으며 확인된 virus를 수확하였다. 2. Coinfection의 mobility of infection은 각각 EHP T는 0.3(3*10?? PFU), RRV는 2.5(2.5*10?? PFU)이었다. 3. EHP T와 RRV를 coinfection하여 plaque assay에 의해 형성된 plaque들을 pick up하였다. 4. EHP T와 RRV를 동시감염시켜 얻어진 plaques를 MA104 cell에 재감염한 후 grow up하여 수확하였다. 5. Plaques를 24 Well의 MA104 cell에 감염하여 수확한 후 dsRNA를 추출하여 전기영동에 의해 26개 reassortants를 선발하였다. This study was carried out to select new reassortants whose genes were exchanged by confection of two strains. The results obtained in these experiments were as follows: 1. Cytopathic effect was checked out in the experiment in which made MA104 cells infected by EHP T (murine rotavirus) and RRV(simian rhesus rotavirus). And then the viruses were obtained from the procedure. 2. Mobility of infection(MOI) of EHP T and RRV were 0.3(3*10?? plaque forming units) and 2.5(2.5*10?? plaque forming units)respectively. 3. After coinfection of EHP T and RRV, plaques which formed in plaque assay were picked up. 4. Coinfected EHP T and RRV plaques were grown up in 24 well of MA104 cell and then grown-ups or those were obtained. 5. By polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE) of dsRNA extracted above, 26 reassortants were selected.

뉴스에 대한 관심도와 지식격차

B.K.L. 제노바,브래들리 그런버그 한양대학교 문과대학 학술지 편집위원회 1982 인문연구 Vol.- No.1