Comparative evaluation of gastroulcerogenic potential of nitrogen isoforms of salicyl alcohol and aspirin in rats: biochemical and histological study

Gowhar Ali,Fazal Subhan,Nazar Ul Islam,Nasir Ullah,Muhammad Shahid,Sami Ullah,Ihsan Ullah,Rehmat Shah,Ikhtiar Khan,Robert D. E. Sewell,Ghulam Abbas 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.7

The aim of the current study was to explorein vivo any relative gastroulcerogenic prospective propensityof newly synthesized nitrogen containing derivativesof salicyl alcohol; compound (I) [1-(2-hydroxybenzyl)piperidinium chloride], compound (II) [4-carbamoyl-1-(2-hydroxybenzyl)piperidinium chloride] and aspirin in albinorats. The experimental groups received the following oraltreatments daily for 6 days: group I saline control; group II,standard (aspirin) treatment group [150 mg/kg of bodyweight]; group III, test (compound I) treatment group [100,150 mg/kg]; group IV, test (compound II) treatment group[100, 150 mg/kg]. The results showed that in the case of theaspirin treated group and compound (I) [150 mg/kg], therewas a significant increase in gastric volume, free acidity,total acidity, ulcer score and a decrease in gastric pH. Furthermore, histopathological examination of gastricmucosa of these treated groups revealed detectable morphologicalchanges. Utilizing the same protocol, syntheticcompound (I) [100 mg/kg] and (II) [100, 150 mg/kg]exhibited no statistically significant ulcerogenic or cytotoxicproperties. A cyclooxygenase (COX) selectivity test indicatedthe preferential inhibition of COX-I and COX-IIenzymes by compounds (I) and (II). This study thereforeindicates that these synthetic compounds may possessreduced ulcerogenic potential and could be a functionalsubstitute to aspirin.

Comparative evaluation of gastroulcerogenic potential of nitrogen isoforms of salicyl alcohol and aspirin in rats: biochemical and histological study

Ali, Gowhar,Subhan, Fazal,Islam, Nazar Ul,Ullah, Nasir,Shahid, Muhammad,Ullah, Sami,Ullah, Ihsan,Shah, Rehmat,Khan, Ikhtiar,Sewell, Robert D. E.,Abbas, Ghulam 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.7

The aim of the current study was to explore in vivo any relative gastroulcerogenic prospective propensity of newly synthesized nitrogen containing derivatives of salicyl alcohol; compound (I) [1-(2-hydroxybenzyl) piperidinium chloride], compound (II) [4-carbamoyl-1-(2- hydroxybenzyl)piperidinium chloride] and aspirin in albino rats. The experimental groups received the following oral treatments daily for 6 days: group I saline control; group II, standard (aspirin) treatment group [150 mg/kg of body weight]; group III, test (compound I) treatment group [100, 150 mg/kg]; group IV, test (compound II) treatment group [100, 150 mg/kg]. The results showed that in the case of the aspirin treated group and compound (I) [150 mg/kg], there was a significant increase in gastric volume, free acidity, total acidity, ulcer score and a decrease in gastric pH. Furthermore, histopathological examination of gastric mucosa of these treated groups revealed detectable morphological changes. Utilizing the same protocol, synthetic compound (I) [100 mg/kg] and (II) [100, 150 mg/kg] exhibited no statistically significant ulcerogenic or cytotoxic properties. A cyclooxygenase (COX) selectivity test indicated the preferential inhibition of COX-I and COX-II enzymes by compounds (I) and (II). This study therefore indicates that these synthetic compounds may possess reduced ulcerogenic potential and could be a functional substitute to aspirin.

ADA Levels in Body Fluids as the Preferred Test to Rule Out Tuberculosis in Limited-resource Settings: Data from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India

Rafia Rasool,Gowhar Rashid,Shafat Ahmad Mir,Tahseen Bilal Rather,Syed Mudassar 대한임상검사과학회 2022 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.54 No.3

In clinical practice, the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a challenge. The goal of this study was to evaluate the reliability and impact of adenosine deaminase (ADA) enzyme testing as a biochemical marker in the continued management of suspected tuberculosis in a limited resource setting hospital. The retrospective data were collected from 2018 to 2021 and comprised the results of all ADA test assays done in the laboratory. All types of body fluids received for ADA testing were analyzed. Over the course of two years, 1461 samples for ADA assay testing were received. The average age of the study population was 56.69±11.7 years, with males accounting for the majority of the subjects (55.72%). Pleural fluid (N=817, 55.92%) was the most common type of sample received for the ADA assay. 114 (13.95%) of the 817 pleural fluid samples were found to be positive. A survey was conducted to obtain physician’s response regarding reliability on ADA testing. 100% of them reported the supportive role of ADA levels in the workup of patients with suspected tuberculosis. In a limited resource setting, the ADA test, in conjunction with clinical and other laboratory findings, can help physicians to initiate early treatment in hospitals for the benefit of patients.

Fenugreek Induced Apoptosis in Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells Mediated Independently by Fas Receptor Change

Alshatwi, Ali Abdullah,Shafi, Gowhar,Hasan, Tarique Noorul,Syed, Naveed Ahmed,Khoja, Kholoud Khalid Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.10

Trigonella foenum in graecum (Fenugreek) is a traditional herbal plant used to treat disorders like diabetes, high cholesterol, wounds, inflammation, gastrointestinal ailments, and it is believed to have anti-tumor properties, although the mechanisms for the activity remain to be elucidated. In this study, we prepared a methanol extract from Fenugreek whole plants and investigated the mechanism involved in its growth-inhibitory effect on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Apoptosis of MCF-7 cells was evidenced by investigating trypan blue exclusion, TUNEL and Caspase 3, 8, 9, p53, FADD, Bax and Bak by real-time PCR assays inducing activities, in the presence of FME at $65{\mu}g/mL$ for 24 and 48 hours. FME induced apoptosis was mediated by the death receptor pathway as demonstrated by the increased level of Fas receptor expression after FME treatment. However, such change was found to be absent in Caspase 3, 8, 9, p53, FADD, Bax and Bak, which was confirmed by a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. In summary, these data demonstrate that at least 90% of FME induced apoptosis in breast cell is mediated by Fas receptor-independently of either FADD, Caspase 8 or 3, as well as p53 interdependently.

Lack of Association of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Variants with Breast Cancer in an Ethnic Population of Saudi Arabia, an Emerging High-Risk Area

Hasan, Tarique Noorul,Shafi, Gowhar,Syed, Naveed Ahmed,Alsaif, Mohammed Abdullah,Alsaif, Abdulaziz Abdullah,Alshatwi, Ali Abdullah Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.10

Incidence of breast cancer shows geographical variation, even within areas of ethnic homogeneity. Saudi Arabia has witnessed an increase in occurrence of breast cancer in its unexplored ethnic populations over the past few years. We aimed at determining whether any association exists between single nucleotide polymorphisms in breast cancer associated gene 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer associated gene 2 (BRCA2) and the risk of breast cancer. TaqMan based Real Time Polymerase chain reaction genotyping assays were used to determine the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms in BRCA1 (rs799917) and BRCA2 (rs144848) in a group of 100 breast cancer patients and unaffected age matched controls of Saudi Arabian origin. The present data revealed that neither BRCA1 nor the BRCA2 studied variant show any significant association with the disease. This study failed to find any role of the concerned variants in breast cancer either as risk or as prognostic factors. The small number of patients registered was one of the limitations of this study. In summary, comparison of mutation profile with other ethnic populations and regions reflected both differences and similarities indicating co-exposure to a unique set of risk factors. The differences could be due to exposure to particular environmental carcinogens; different lifestyle, reproductive pattern; dietary or cultural practices of Saudi Arabian women that need further investigations.

Roles of p53 and Caspases in Induction of Apoptosis in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells Treated with a Methanolic Extract of Nigella Sativa Seeds

Alhazmi, Mohammed I.,Hasan, Tarique N.,Shafi, Gowhar,Al-Assaf, Abdullah H.,Alfawaz, Mohammed A.,Alshatwi, Ali A. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.22

Background: Nigella Sativa (NS) is an herb from the Ranunculaceae family that exhibits numerous medicinal properties and has been used as important constituent of many complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs). The ability of NS to kill cancer cells such as PC3, HeLa and hepatoma cells is well established. However, our understanding of the mode of death caused by NS remains nebulous. The objective of this study was to gain further insight into the mode and mechanism of death caused by NS in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Materials and Methods: Human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) were treated with a methanolic extract of NS, and a dose- and time-dependent study was performed. The $IC_{50}$ was calculated using a Cell Titer $Blue^{(R)}$ viability assay assay, and evidence for DNA fragmentation was obtained by fluorescence microscopy TUNEL assay. Gene expression was also profiled for a number of apoptosis-related genes (Caspase-3, -8, -9 and p53 genes) through qPCR. Results: The $IC_{50}$ of MCF-7 cells was $62.8{\mu}L/mL$. When MCF-7 cells were exposed to $50{\mu}L/mL$ and $100{\mu}L/mL$ NS for 24h, 48h and 72h, microscopic examination (TUNEL assay) revealed a dose- and time-dependent increase in apoptosis. Similarly, the expression of the Caspase-3, -8, -9 and p53 genes increased significantly according to the dose and time. Conclusions: NS induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells through both the p53 and caspase pathways. NS could potentially represent an alternative source of medicine for breast cancer therapy.