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Severe Rigid Scoliosis: Review of Management Strategies and Role of Spinal Osteotomies
Pankaj Kandwal,Govindaraja Perumal Vijayaraghavan,Upendra Bidre Nagaraja,Arvind Jayaswal 대한척추외과학회 2017 Asian Spine Journal Vol.11 No.3
Severe rigid curves pose a considerable challenge to the treating spine surgeon. In our practice, approximately 30%–40% of patients with scoliosis present late with severe rigid scoliosis (>90° and <30% correction on bending films). Controversy still exists with regard to the ideal surgical strategy for correcting these rigid curves. Rigid scoliosis often presents in the form of either sharp angular or rounded deformities. Rounded deformities can be effectively managed with an anterior release to loosen the apex and posterior instrumentation (with osteotomies, if required). In contrast, severe rigid scoliosis, which is a sharp angular deformity, is not very amenable to anterior release and is best managed by posterior-only vertebral column resection and posterior instrumentation.
신동윤,김민수,강석호,권정안,Thillai Govindaraja,윤창원,임동희 한국화학공학회 2020 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.37 No.8
Hydrogen energy is a potential next-generation energy source for fossil fuel replacement. The development of high-efficiency materials and catalysts for storage and transportation of hydrogen energy must be achieved to realize hydrogen economy. Recently, catalyst systems such as Pd nanoclusters (Pd NCs) supported on nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) have been reported to have advantages, including effective suppression of CO production and efficiency enhancement of HCOOH dehydrogenation. However, the reaction mechanism and multi-metallic interface system design of such systems have not been elucidated. Therefore, various Ni(OH)2 surfaces supported on a graphene system were designed through density functional theory calculations, and the support material was combined with Pd38NC (Pd38NC/Ni(OH)2-G). Subsequently, the adsorption behavior of HCOOH dehydrogenation intermediates was analyzed. We found a new adsorption configuration in which HCOOH* (where * and a single underline indicates the adsorbed species and adsorbed atom, respectively) was adsorbed in a more stable manner (adsorption energy, Eads= 1.22 eV) on the system than HCOOH* (Eads=1.10 eV) owing to the presence of Ni(OH)2-G. This affected the next step in HCOOH dehydrogenation, i.e., formation of HCOO* species, and showed a positive effect on the HCOOH dehydrogenation. To fundamentally understand this phenomenon, electronic structure (d-band center and density of states) and stability (vacancy formation energy) analyses were performed.