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Core Issues Facing Brazil’s Quest towards Sustainable Growth
Raul Gouvea 한국라틴아메리카학회 2013 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.26 No.4
The new global economic order is creating an inflection point in the global economy. BRIC countries have experienced a shift in global wealth, resulting in an increase in their economic and political clout on a global scale. Reflecting these recent trends and changes, the Brazilian economy was ranked 6th in the world in 2012. Companies doing business in Brazil need to understand the nature of its economy and design strategies and policies to maximize their earnings in the Brazilian market. Brazil’s booming oil & gas industries, agribusiness, services, and manufacturing industries offer a high potential for companies willing to face Brazil’s many challenges, such as shortages of qualified labor force, and high taxes. Brazil’s booming middle class also poses a number of challenges for companies that need to tailor their offerings to a young and evolving middle class. At the same time, Brazil is also building a sophisticated and vibrant middle class that will increasingly demand products and services that resemble offerings found in traditional developed markets. Still, market efficiency and productivity enhancers will have to be addressed in order to make the Brazilian economy more competitive. This paper addresses Brazil’s core issues permeating its quest towards sustainable growth. The paper addresses the different dimensions of Brazil’s economic and social environments, paying heed to recent developments and driving forces shaping Brazil’s economy and society.
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Brazil & China : Partners or Competitors? Designing Strategic Alliances in the Age of Uncertainty
Raul Gouvea,Manuel Montoya 한국라틴아메리카학회 2013 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.26 No.1
Brazil and China are rapidly developing a strategic alliance based on the two economies’ short and long-term strategic goals. This paper assesses the impact of China on the Brazilian economy and discusses the challenges and opportunities permeating this strategic relationship. This case study suggests that Chinese and Brazilian relations represent a paradigm shift in our conventional understandings of political and economic behavior. More specifically, it suggests that the growing interdependence between big emerging economies no longer requires for large Western economies to mediate the economic exchanges that shape the global agenda. Furthermore, we suggest that in spite of very strongly perceived competitive behavior, the increased interaction between these two nations and the institutionalization of economic ventures is compelling these nations to imagine themselves increasingly as partners in a newly conceived, socially distinct, transnational dimension. To explore the significance of this behavior, we employ perspectives on international trade and globalization, including a brief CAGE analysis, to characterize Sino-Brazilian relations in the context of the 21st century global political economy.
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Initial results from Phase 2 of the international urban energy balance model comparison
Grimmond, C. S. B.,Blackett, M.,Best, M. J.,Baik, J.‐,J.,Belcher, S. E.,Beringer, J.,Bohnenstengel, S. I.,Calmet, I.,Chen, F.,Coutts, A.,Dandou, A.,Fortuniak, K.,Gouvea, M. L.,Hamdi, R.,Hendry, John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2011 International journal of climatology Vol.31 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Urban land surface schemes have been developed to model the distinct features of the urban surface and the associated energy exchange processes. These models have been developed for a range of purposes and make different assumptions related to the inclusion and representation of the relevant processes. Here, the first results of Phase 2 from an international comparison project to evaluate 32 urban land surface schemes are presented. This is the first large‐scale systematic evaluation of these models. In four stages, participants were given increasingly detailed information about an urban site for which urban fluxes were directly observed. At each stage, each group returned their models' calculated surface energy balance fluxes. Wide variations are evident in the performance of the models for individual fluxes. No individual model performs best for all fluxes. Providing additional information about the surface generally results in better performance. However, there is clear evidence that poor choice of parameter values can cause a large drop in performance for models that otherwise perform well. As many models do not perform well across all fluxes, there is need for caution in their application, and users should be aware of the implications for applications and decision making. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society</P>
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In Vivo Antimutagenic Properties of Transgenic and Conventional Soybeans
Luciana Azevedo,Nathalia R.V. Dragano,Ana P.L. Sabino,Maria Christina C. Resck,Patricia L. Alves de Lima,Cibele M.C.P. Gouvea 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.6
The goal of the this study was to evaluate the mutagenic/antimutagenic effects of conventional (BRS133) and transgenic (BRS 245 RR) soybeans (CS and TS, respectively) in vivo using the bone marrow micronucleus (MN) test, histopathological analysis, chromosome aberration test (CAT), and mitotic index (MI) determination. Six-week-old male Swiss mice were fed with pelleted commercial diet mixed with CS or TS at 10% or 20%. Two experimental designs (MN and CAT) were conducted simultaneously with 10 groups each during a 15-day period. Animals were treated with pelleted commercial diet, CS (10% or 20%), or TS (10% or 20%), and on day 14 they also received cyclophosphamide (CP) (50mg/kg i.p.). The 10% and 20% CS and TS diets did not significantly decrease the frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow induced by CP. However, the CAT indicated that the 10% and 20% CS diets significantly (P<.05) protected nucleated bone marrow cells against chemical-induced mutagenesis and also produced a significant (P<.05) decrease in the total percentage of spontaneous aberrations. Among the treatments with TS, only the 10% TS diet reduced the percentage of total aberrations induced by CP. The results also indicated that the treatment with 20% TS alone significantly (P<.05) decreased the MI, indicating cytotoxic effects related to the treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that, under the tested conditions, TS and CS have antimutagenic properties and are not toxic.
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