Cold electronics based 128 temperature sensor interface with 14 leads for testing of high Tc superconducting cable

Gour, Abhay Singh,Thadela, S.,Rao, V.V. The Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity a 2018 한국초전도저온공학회논문지 Vol.20 No.1

High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) power cables are capable of transmitting bulk power without any loss compared to conventional copper cables. The major challenge in the design of such HTS cables is the high stresses (electro-thermal/electro-mechanical) developed at high voltages, high currents and cryogenic temperatures. The safe and reliable operation of HTS cables involves lots of instrumentation for monitoring, measurement, control and safe operation. In principle, a four probe method for resistance (RTD PT-100) is used for temperature measurements at various locations of HTS cable. The number of connecting leads required for this is four times that of the number of sensors. The present paper discusses a novel way of connecting 128 RTD sensors with the help of only 14 leads using a cold electronics based multiplexer board. LabVIEW 11.0 software was used for interfacing and displaying the readings of all the sensors on computer screen.

Production of Synthetic Brassica napus through Interspecific Hybridization between Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea and Their Cross-Ability Evaluation

( Gour Gobindo Das ),( Md Abdul Malek ),( Akm Shamsuddin ),( Ghm Sagor ) 한국육종학회 2021 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.9 No.3

Synthetic B. napus was produced through interspecific hybridization between nine varieties of B. rapa and only one exotic variety of B. oleracea var. alboglabra along with exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA₃) before pollination. A total of eighteen crosses including their reciprocals were made between the two species. Crossability in both way directions between the two species of Brassica was not equally success. The degree of success was significantly influenced by maternal genotypes. On average, the cross success was 8.42% when the varieties of B. rapa used as female parents in contrast to 2.88% when B. rapa used a pollen parents. Among the four concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm) of GA₃, 75 ppm gave highest response for different crossability characters in both way cross directions. The hybrids contained 19 somatic chromosomes which were the sum of the gametic chromosome number of B. rapa and B. oleracea. Of the two methods, followed to induce chromosome doubling in the adult plants, the Modified Injection Method was found more effective than the Cotton Plug Method. Among different concentration of colchinine 0.20% gave the highest success (66.67%) of chromosome doubling in the hybrids. All the colchiploid (C₁) plants contained 38 chromosomes in their somatic cells which were the sum of the somatic chromosomes of both species. The genomes of resynthesized lines were also identified through Brassica genome specific SSR markers. The presence of markers for both A and C genome was detected in resynthesized lines suggesting that their genomic constitution was AACC.

An Alternative High-throughput Staining Method for Detection of Neutral Lipids in Green Microalgae for Biodiesel Applications

Gour Gopal Satpati,Sanjaya Kumar Mallick,Ruma Pal 한국생물공학회 2015 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.20 No.6

A simple and high-throughput method for determining in situ intracellular neutral lipid accumulation in Chlorella ellipsoidea and Chlorococcum infusionum with flow cytometry and confocal microscopy was established by employing different solvents and a lipophilic dye, Nile red. Seven different organic solvents, acetic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetone, methanol, ethanol, n-hexane, and chloroform at different concentrations ranging from 0 to 80% (v/v) were tested. The fluorescence signal for neutral lipids was collected with a 586/42 emission filter (PE-A) and the maximum fluorescence intensity (% grandparent) was measured as 74.01 ± 4.82% for Chlorella and 70.1 ± 5.52% for Chlorococcum at 30% acetic acid (v/v). The statistical analysis of Nile red-stained cells showed a high coefficient of variation (CV), standard deviation (SD), mean, and median values in the acetic acid-based staining method, followed by DMSO, n-hexane and chloroform. Confocal microscopy revealed a high rate of accumulation of cytosolic neutral lipids when stained with Nile red and other organic solvents. Higher lipid accumulation in Fesupplemented conditions was also detected and a maximum lipid content of 57.36 ± 0.41% (4-fold) in Chlorella and 48.20 ± 0.43% (4-fold) in Chlorococcum were measured at 0.001 g/L of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4). High fluorescence intensity (75.16 ± 0.24% in Chlorella and 72.24 ± 1.07% in Chlorococcum) in Fe-treated cells confirmed the efficiency of the staining procedure.

Approach towards qualification of TCP/IP network components of PFBR

Gour Aditya,Mathews Tom,Behera R.P. 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.11

Distributed control system architecture is adopted for I&C systems of Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor, where the geographically distributed control systems are connected to centralized servers & display stations via switched Ethernet networks. TCP/IP communication plays a significant role in the successful operations of this architecture. The communication tasks at control nodes are taken care by TCP/IP offload modules; local area switched network is realized using layer-2/3 switches, which are finally connected to network interfaces of centralized servers & display stations. Safety, security, reliability, and fault tolerance of control systems used for safety-related applications of nuclear power plants is ensured by indigenous design and qualification as per guidelines laid down by regulatory authorities. In the case of commercially available components, appropriate suitability analysis is required for getting the operation clearances from regulatory authorities. This paper details the proposed approach for the suitability analysis of TCP/IP communication nodes, including control systems at the field, network switches, and servers/display stations. Development of test platform using commercially available tools and diagnostics software engineered for control nodes/display stations are described. Each TCP link behavior with impaired packets and multiple traffic loads is described, followed by benchmarking of the network switch's routing characteristics and security features

Study of gradient solitons in three dimensional Riemannian manifolds

Gour Gopal Biswas,Uday Chand De 대한수학회 2022 대한수학회논문집 Vol.37 No.3

We characterize a three-dimensional Riemannian manifold endowed with a type of semi-symmetric metric $P$-connection. At first, it is proven that if the metric of such a manifold is a gradient $m$-quasi-Einstein metric, then either the gradient of the potential function $\psi$ is collinear with the vector field $P$ or, $\lambda=-(m+2)$ and the manifold is of constant sectional curvature $-1$, provided $P\psi \neq m$. Next, it is shown that if the metric of the manifold under consideration is a gradient $\rho$-Einstein soliton, then the gradient of the potential function is collinear with the vector field $P$. Also, we prove that if the metric of a 3-dimensional manifold with semi-symmetric metric $P$-connection is a gradient $\omega$-Ricci soliton, then the manifold is of constant sectional curvature $-1$ and $\lambda+\mu=-2$. Finally, we consider an example to verify our results.

Green synthesis of DL-homocysteine decorated magnetic nanoparticles for selective and efficient mercury remediation from simulated wastewater: Kinetics, isotherm, and mechanism studies

Pooja Gour,Jyotsna Kumar,Shivanjali Esther Arland,Lairikyengbam Deepti Roy,Naveed Rahman 대한환경공학회 2024 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.29 No.5

The present study focuses on the facile green synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) using onion waste of Allium Cepa L. (MNP@OW) for effective removal of noxious mercury from simulated wastewater. Photogenically synthesized MNPs were functionalized with DL-homocysteine (HC@SiO2@MNP@OW) for selective mercury adsorption. Various characterization techniques were employed to confirm their physical properties. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) studies indicated MNP@OW’s superparamagnetic nature with a saturation magnetization (Ms) of 48.35 emu/g, while HC@SiO2@MNP@OW had a reduced Ms of 4.52 emu/g due to a coating of non-magnetic silica and DL-homocysteine. Both adsorbents showed optimal adsorption at 80°C and pH 8. However, it is explicitly mentioned that HC@SiO2@MNP@OW demonstrated efficient mercury removal at a lower dosage and shorter contact time compared to MNP@OW. Fast separation times of 6 and 26 seconds for MNP@OW and HC@SiO2@MNP@OW, respectively, confirm their ease of separation from simulated wastewater. The Freundlich isotherm model fit the data well and kinetic analysis supported a pseudo-second-order model, revealing a chemisorption mechanism. Moreover, HC@SiO2@MNP@OW demonstrated high selectivity, even in the presence of co-existing ions. Green synthesized MNP@OW and HC@SiO2@MNP@OW exhibited promising potential as low-cost sorbents for efficient mercury removal from simulated wastewater, making them feasible for wastewater treatment in low-economic countries.

Nanostructured Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS) Thin Film for Broadband (VIS-NIR) Photodetection

Kuldeep Singh Gour,Jin Hyeok Kim 한국신재생에너지학회 2019 AFORE Vol.2019 No.11

Solid Waste Management in India: A State-of-the-Art Review

Anunay A. Gour,S.K. Singh 대한환경공학회 2023 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.28 No.4

This paper presents the current scenario of solid waste management aspects and its challenges in India, which will benefit developing and low-income countries. The leading cause of waste generation is the growing population and the new lifestyle due to the increased per capita income. Consequently, the magnitude of solid waste is continuously growing along with its compositional diversity. In earlier days, the wastes were organic and could be disposed of in low-lying areas conveniently without causing any adverse impact on the environment. But today, the organic fraction of waste has steeply declined while the inorganic portion has increased manifold. Moreover, wastes from industries, hospitals, construction sites, households, and many other sources severely affect the environment and public health. Also, the chemicals generated from the improper disposal of these wastes enter the air, soil, and water resources, causing hazardous and toxic effects in countries that could not implement the adopted policy framework strictly. A state-of-the-art review is conducted in this paper to further search other primary and prevalent reasons behind the inability of proper waste management and to find a real solution.

Improved Efficiency of CZTSSe Thin Film solar Cells by Applying CuAlO₂ Nanolayer at Back Electrode Interface

Kuldeep Singh Gour,Kim Jin-hyuk 한국신재생에너지학회 2021 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

This study demonstrated that the addition of a p-type CuAlO₂ (CAO) nanolayer improves the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of sputtered CZTSSe thin film solar cells (TFSCs). The addition of CAO nanolayer before absorber layer shows improved Cu₂ZnSn(S,Se)₄ (CZTSSe) absorber crystallinity, more compact, larger grain sizes morphology with fewer pinholes. Further, the CZTSSe device with optimum deposition time (154 sec) of CAO nanolayer successfully reduced Mo(S,Se)₂ layer thickness from ~50 nm to ~25 nm. The fabricated CZTSSe device with optimized CAO nanolayer exhibits higher shunt resistance (Rsh), and lower series resistance (Rs) which resulted in improved short-circuit density (Jsc) from 33.48 to 35.40 mA/cm² compared to the reference device (without CAO nanolayer). The optimized CZTSSe device with CAO nanolayer showed a PCE of 10.54% compared to 9.67% for the reference device (without CAO). This work suggests that a further optimized CAO nanolayer can largely influence the CZTSSe absorber and back electrode interface quality which may further significantly improve the PCE of kesterite CZTSSe TFSCs.

Cold electronics based 128 temperature sensor interface with 14 leads for testing of high Tc superconducting cable

Abhay Singh Gour,S. Thadela,V. V. Rao 한국초전도저온학회 (구 한국초전도저온공학회) 2018 한국초전도저온공학회논문지 Vol.20 No.1