연속회분식 반응기를 이용한 축산 폐수의 생물학적 고도 처리 운전 인자 도출에 관한 연구

김창원,최명원,이해군,이해일,하지연 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 1998 環境硏究報 Vol.16 No.-

축산폐수는 고농도의 유기탄소 뿐만아니라 영양염류를 포함하는 대표적인 고농도 폐수이며 적절히 처리되어지지 못할 경우 심각한 담수의 부영양화와 연안의 적조를 야기할 수 있다. 이러한 축산폐수를 보다 경제적이며 기술적으로 처리하기 위해 본 연구에서는 연속회분식반응기(SBR)을 이용한 축산폐수의 고도처리에 적용할 수 있는 운전인자와 운전기법을 연구하였다. 초기 암모니아와 유기탄소부하를 달리하며 정해진 주기로 운전하는 네 가지 전형적인 회분식 실험과 원수를 연속으로 주입하면서 간헐 폭기로 운전하는 세 가지의 변형회분식 반응 실험을 통하여 전형적인 SBR에서 비 질산화 속도에 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 인자가 초기 pH 와 유리 암모니움 농도이며 최적 초기 암포니아성 비 질소 부하율은 0.1 ~ 0.15 kg NH_4^+-N /kg VSS 근처이며 이때 비 질산화율은 0.06 kgNH_4-N/ kg MLVSS·day로 관찰되었으며, 변형 SBR로 운전하는 경우 최소 35%에서 최대 65% 까지 탈질용 외부기질 주입량을 절감할 수 있었다. Piggery wastewater is a representative of high strength wastewater which contents not only high concentration organic carbon but also nutrients. From this reason piggery wastewater could be cause a serious eutrophication of fresh water and red tide in coastal areas if not properly treated. In this study to treat these piggery wastewater technically and more economically, the operation parameters and methods for advanced treatment using Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) were investigated. Four sets of experiments were conducted on laboratory scale typical SBR (Fill in a time) with fixed cycle and different till ratio to evaluate most proper initial loading of organic carbon and nitrogen and three sets of experiments on laboratory scale inodified SBR (Fill continuously) with intermittent aeration. As results the nitrification rate was most sensitively affected by intial pH and free ammonia concentration and in typical SBR operation most profit initial specific nitrogen loading were investigate around 0.1~0.15kg NH_4^+-N /kg VSS and in this range the average specific nitrification rate was 0.06 kg NH_4-N/ kg MLVSS·day. And in modified SBR operation with most profit specific nitrogen loading rate the cost of external denitrification cost were saved minimum 35% to maximum 65% each experimental sets.

국내외 하수처리장 자동화 현황 조사

김창원,고주형,최광수,허남효,김병군 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1999 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.56 No.-

하수처리장 운전 제어 및 자동화는 현재 세계적인 추세이다. 자동 제어를 도입함으로써 운전의 효율성 및 안정성 향상, 일관된 운전, 운전비용 절감 등 많은 이득을 기대할 수 있다. 유럽 등 선진국에서는 이미 7,80년대부터 다방면에서 많은 역구가 수행되었고, 80년대 이후 건설된 대부분의 하수처리장에서 용존산소 농도 제어를 비롯한 기본적인 제어를 실제로 적용하고 있다. 그러나 현재까지 국내에는 하수처리장에 자동 제어가 적용된 경우가 없으며, 현장 적용은 몇몇 폐수처리장에 국한된다. 그러나 자동 제어를 통해 얻을 수 있는 이득이 매우 크다는 것이 명백하고, 현재 각 대학 연구에서 활발하게 연구를 수행하고 있으므로, 가까운 장래에 많은 하·폐수처리장에 자동 제어가 광범위하게 도입될 것으로 기대된다. Operational control and automation of sewage works is a worldwide tendency. By introducing automatic control, many benefits like improvement of efficiency and stability, consistent operation an operational cost saving, can be obtained. Lots of process studies have been performed from 7,80s in developed countries, and basic control (e. g. DO control) is having been appplied to almost every plants constructed after 80s. In Korea, no large sewage work is automatically controlled till now, while some limited application for wastewater treatment plants are exist. But it is very clear that automatic control holds great porfits and lots of vigorous researches are being conducted in many universities and laboratiories, so widespread introduction of automatic control to sewage/wastewater treatment plant in near future is expected.

청소년의 태권도수련과 비행과의 관계

이병익,정위곤,이창호 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 2002 武道硏究所誌 Vol.13 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze the The Influence of Participation in Taekwon-do Training on Juvenile Delinquency To accomplish the purpose of this study, the 321 subjects were selected using the systematic stratified cluster random sampling method from students who study in middle and high school in Seoul 2002. The Survey questionaries were used to collect data. The questionaries for Participation in Taekwon-do Training was Sport Participation and degree on Scale developed by Kenyon and Schuts(1970). And the questionaries for Juvenile Delinquency scale was Expansion developed by Jung(1988) and Lim(1986). The statistical methods utilized in this study for analyzing the collected data were reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, Chi-Square, t-test, One-way ANOVA, and standard multiple regression analysis. From the analysis of this study, the following conclusions were obtain:. Firstly, adolescent' Taedkwon-do Training participation and degree, juvenile delinquency are partially different by the socio-demographic characteristics. In detail, adolescent' Taekwon-do Training participation is different according to income, parent education level, parent job style. Secondly, adolescent' Taekwon-do Training participation are different according to juvenile delinquency. In detail, the Taekwon-do Training participation group are lower in the delinquency of family, school, and social life than the non-participation of Taekwon-do Training group Thirdly, Taekwon-do Training participation degree are partially influence on the juvenile delinquency. In detail, Taekwon-co Training participation frequence and strength effective adolescent' on the delinquency of family, school, and social life.

A Calibration Study of Therapeutic Ultrasound Equipment Output Intensity Accuracy

( Goon-chang Yuk ),( Sang-ho Ahn ),( So-hyun Park ) 대한물리치료학회 2011 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.23 No.3

Purpose: The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the power output of ultrasound in Korean clinics and compare the value with Korean and global standards. Methods: A total of 69 units were measured for ultrasound power output. The normal range of power output level was ± 30% of the output set according to KFDA standards. Device model, manufacturer, ERA, and BNR were obtained via simple questionnaires. A portable ultrasound power meter was used for output measurement. Results: 37 machines, with reported ERA values, were assessed for power output per unit area. Of these machines, 13 (37.14%) were considered to be compliant with US FDA standards at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 20 W/㎠ and 18 (51.43%) were considered within KFDA standards. The remainder of the machines were outside the standard error and evidenced irregular output levels, even though most of them were the same model. Conclusion: Appropriate ultrasound intensity is incredibly important for safety and effective use. Therefore, the KFDA standards regarding ultrasound may require revision in light of global standards, including BNR and ERA additionally, attention should be paid to regular calibration for safe use in clinical practice.

Change in Patients' Satisfaction with Pain Control After Using the Korean Cancer Pain Assessment Tool in Korea

Choi, Youn Seon,Kim, Su Hyun,Kim, Jun Suk,Lee, Juneyoung,Kang, Jin Hyoung,Kim, Sam Yong,Kim, Si Young,Kim, Chul Soo,Song, Hong Suk,Lim, Ho Yeong,Yim, Chang Yeol,Chung, Ik Joo,Cho, Goon Jae,Lee, Myung Elsevier 2006 Journal of pain and symptom management Vol.31 No.6

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Appropriate pain assessment is very important for managing cancer pain. This study was designed to evaluate the utility of the Korean Cancer Pain Assessment Tool (KCPAT) by assessing changes in the management of cancer pain. The changes in pain intensity, the pattern of drug prescriptions, and the patients' satisfaction with pain control were analyzed after using the KCPAT. The results indicated that pain medicine prescriptions were changed in 194 (51.5%) cases after using the KCPAT, and 69.5% of these changes were affected by the KCPAT. After using the KCPAT, pain intensity as assessed by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, 0–10cm) decreased (4.31±2.35 vs. 3.60±2.45, <I>P</I><0.0001), and the presence of associated symptoms and psychosocial items was significantly reduced. The patients' satisfaction with pain control was improved. Forty-four physicians (89.8%) thought that the KCPAT was useful. The KCPAT improved patients' satisfaction with pain control and was a useful tool for evaluating and managing cancer pain.</P>

NITROGEN REMOVAL FROM SEWAGE WITH HIGH NITROGEN CONTENTS

Hae Goon Lee,Myung Won Choi,Gee Baek Han,Byung Goon Kim,Chang Won Kim 대한환경공학회 1999 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.4 No.1

제례의식의 인지도 조사연구

김종군,김정미,장성현 동아시아식생활학회 2003 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.13 No.3

This research was performed to identify the characteristics of the Korean rituals and to establish the desirable ritual culture. The recognition of the ritual culture was investigated by the general environmental factors such as gender, age, religion and education background The rituals were generally recognized as positive. Some significant differences were shown according to religion, gender and residential area. To succeed the tradition of the preparation and the table-setting of ritual foods and to conduct the rituals by the descendants were recognized relatively high by the Buddhists and males living in Gyeongsangbuk-do. The degree of recognition of the method of table-setting of ritual foods was higher if one was married and older, with Buddhism and the oldest daughter-in-law in a family. As above, the culture of Korean rituals showed some differences according to the general environment and regions of the individual. The reason why regional differences were shown high was mainly because tradition and conservatism were maintained according to the unique regional thought and natural environment rather than impacts of the changes of times. That some differences were shown according to general environmental factors suggested that the traditional ritual culture was gradually changing according to the environmental changes in the modern times. Also, the recognition on the ritual culture were identified through investigations by general environmental factors such as gender, age, religion and education background.

아기띠와 슬링 착용이 체간과 하지의 근활성 및 족저압에 미치는 영향

육군창 ( Goon Chang Yuk ),박래준 ( Rae Joon Park ),이현영 ( Hyun Young Lee ),이명희 ( Myoung Hee Lee ),이전형 ( Jeon Hyeong Lee ),국중석 ( Jung Seok Kuk ),장종성 ( Jong Sung Jang ) 대한물리의학회 2010 대한물리의학회지 Vol.5 No.2

Purpose:The Purpose of this study was to compare muscle activation and foot pressure on baby carrier and sling for baby care. Methods:Thirty one women subjects (mean age 23.2 years) participated in four static conditions: unloaded quite standing, carrying an anterior baby carrier, carrying a posterior baby carrier, and sling. The baby carrier and sling were loaded with baby model that filled 7.6kg loads. Surface electromyography was used to measure activity in the internal oblique, T4, L3, L5 paraspinal muscle, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius for four conditions. And foot pressure was measured by using MatScan system(Tekscan, USA). Results:The activation of Biceps femoris, T4, L3, and L5 paraspinal muscle were significant differences(p<.05), but other muscles were no significant differences in four conditions(p>.05). Right foot contact area and peak pressure of right mid foot area were significant differences in four conditions(p<.05). Conclusion:The results of this study indicate that the use of baby carrier of sling for baby care were influenced postural responses of young women. Further work is recommended to find out the influences of various assistive devices for baby care.

A Calibration Study of Therapeutic Ultrasound Equipment Output Intensity Accuracy

Yuk, Goon-Chang,Ahn, Sang-Ho,Park, So-Hyun The Korean Society of Physical Therapy 2011 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.23 No.3

Purpose: The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the power output of ultrasound in Korean clinics and compare the value with Korean and global standards. Methods: A total of 69 units were measured for ultrasound power output. The normal range of power output level was ${\pm}30%$ of the output set according to KFDA standards. Device model, manufacturer, ERA, and BNR were obtained via simple questionnaires. A portable ultrasound power meter was used for output measurement. Results: 37 machines, with reported ERA values, were assessed for power output per unit area. Of these machines, 13 (37.14%) were considered to be compliant with US FDA standards at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, $20W/cm^2$ and 18 (51.43%) were considered within KFDA standards. The remainder of the machines were outside the standard error and evidenced irregular output levels, even though most of them were the same model. Conclusion: Appropriate ultrasound intensity is incredibly important for safety and effective use. Therefore, the KFDA standards regarding ultrasound may require revision in light of global standards, including BNR and ERA additionally, attention should be paid to regular calibration for safe use in clinical practice.

요통 환자와 정상인의 자세에 따른 체간 위치 오류 비교

육군창 ( Goon Chang Yuk ),한진태 ( Jin Tae Han ),신현숙 ( Hyun Suk Shin ),이호건 ( Ho Geon Lee ),박래준 ( Rea Joon Park ) 대한물리의학회 2008 대한물리의학회지 Vol.3 No.2