韓國寺刹의 造景計劃에 關한 硏究 : Ⅰ. 華嚴道場의 造景計劃 Ⅰ. An Avatamska Buddhist Seminary Landscape

楊水龍,사공영보 진주산업대학교 1984 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

When the ancient temples of Korea were built, the arrangement of building, stylobate, etc. the Gidan of them had been emphasized in the good order hierachy, but the most of the recent built temples has been arranged the spaces without considering the good order of hierachy and buddhist doctrine. So this kind of study became necessity to purify and recover the orignal function for the trainning places of Buddhism. This study was carried out to suggest the way and the principles what construction of temples will be created the Buddha's mercy for the buddhist and the common people with the help of organizing the spaces. and buildings based on the Budhist comology of life especially adaptation of three types of world(the world of desires, the sexual world and the unsexual world) and the results were summarized as follows; 1. Selecting the location for building the temple The location for building the temples is selected in the center of hillock axis, where hillock is placed in the nice view from forest and river. When the places are sel ected, the comprehensive thought both Pungsuziri theory and supernatural thought which has been effected from ancient religion of Korea like the mountain god or shaman and buddhist culture which has been introduces from China are considered. 2. The function of temple The temple, the holy place of religious austerties, has the following functions; 1) Polemic function of buddhist 2) Function of religious ceremony 3) accomplishing function of meditation 4) Living function 5) Function of religious affairs 6) Entering function 7) Function of production(Vegetable garden and orchard) 8) Function of enviromental conservation 9) Function buddhist sermon and buddhist education etc. 3. The arrangement and the order of hierachy of building and the space organization; The temple is organized based on the system of one pagoda­three main temples­two halles in both side, the landuse and circulation system is planed according to the function. 1) After the main temple (Dae Woong Jeon) is constructed, the other buildings are done. the height of pallar and stylobate of the main temple is done with 424.2㎝ and 120㎝. The area of the main temple is 9 gan by 4 gen or 5 gen by 4gan. 2) The height of the other buildings' pallar is 10ja (303㎝) or 12ja (363.6㎝). The height of Myungbu jeon's stylobate is 2ja(60㎝) and the area of the other buildings is 5Gan by 3Gan. 3) The height of Gak's paller and stylobate is 6Ja (191.8㎝) and 2Ja (30㎝) and the area of Gak is 1 or 2Gan by 1Gan. 4) The height of two halls'; meditation hall and monk's living hall, is 9Ja (272.7㎝) and 8Ja(242.4㎝) and the height of stylobate is 2Ja (60㎝). The area of halls is decided with width of 2Gan into and with length according to the number of monks is accomodated. 5) The hight of training hall for both buddhists and monks and stylobate is 272.7㎝ and 60㎝. The area of this hall is decided with 7 or 9Gan into 3Gan. [The Space Organization] The space is balanced according to the hill axis using the number 3 and 6 some from 3 worlds and 6 Deva, based on the Dori Deva the space of Pagoda is distributed into Moo Saek world, the space from Cheon Wang Gate to Buligate is symbolized into Saek world, and the space of Gyeong Ip is symbolized into Yock world. This again divided into 6 each of 6 Yock Cheon is divided into same ratio (half of 18 Gan or 27 Gan which is symbolic of 18 Cheon Sack world). The length between Iℓjoo gate and San gate is 8 time of 18Gan or 27Gan which is symbolic of 8 Yeom, 8Gak, 8 Dae Ji Ock etc. The space is distributed into the space block and the space plot. 4. The system and patten of circulation; The circulation system is organized branch type, and the pattern is made into square ring type, T­grid type and U type. 5. The distribution and symbol of landscaping facilitiese ① The stairs in front of Dae Woong Jeon are devided into 3­middle stairs, the stairs out side of the middle stairs or the plain. The stairs of 5 enterence gate is made in the center of the building's but the stairs of other Jen Gak is made in the center and in the side Jen Gak. The other building's stairs is made also in the side of stereobate's facade, base on the formula of 2a th=60∼65㎝. ② The pagoda is made is the center of meditation space. The length of stylobate is 4Ja(1.2m) that symbolized the 4 Deva of Moo Saek world. Bong Bal pagoda is built in front of Yong wha temple. ③ The stone lantern is stalled in suitable place likein in the front of the center pagoda and beside of road. Pal­Hae­Gong Deak pond is made in front of square island and beside of stone bridge which is in front of Il Ju Moon and a bright future of paramita is created. ④ Gong Deak lotus pond and Bang Wha pond is built according to the supposed plan map's Ryong pond is built in Yeang San temple. When it's impole to build the Gong Deak lotus pond in front of Il­Ju gate, pond and rainbow bridge is built in the stream. In the cardinal points of Gong Deok lotus pond, 8 square stone bench is arranged in each place, and symbolized 32 Cheon, Beside the square stone bench. a censer type wastebasket is arranged. This stone benches and the wastebaskets are also placed around parking place and outside of domitory. ⑤ This paved road with stone and stepping stone is arranged on the road of main axis and sub axis according to the development of the economic situation. ⑥ Pal­JungDo stone is arranged in front of Zoabul statue of square island and in the center of the stair of Jung Roo gate. Dan Gan stone pillar is arranged on the right and left side Dae Woong Zen and Jung Roo gate. Chalgan stone pillar is arranged in front rainbow bridge of Gong Duk lotus pond. When the pond is not built, this is arranged in between Il Ju gate and the space of Buddo Bee Moon. Wean Pyo stone pillar is built with the purpose of advertizement board near and in front of Il Ju Gate. Steps stone, Cake stone, cistern etc. is arranged in necessary places. 6. Planting plan and selection of plants In planting plan in temple symmetry planting pair planting , row planting, solitary planting, Group planting is employed according to the plan map. The plants related with Buddha's idealogy and historic tradition are as follows; Those are Gink gobiliba, Abies holophylla, Zelkova serrata, Tilia sp, Juniperus Chinensis, Pinus Koraiensis, Pinus Pumila, Pinus Thunbergii, Camellia japonica, Lagerstroemia indic, Prunus Mume, Juglans mandshurica, Sophora japonica, Celtis sinensis, Pinus Bungeana, Betula Platypyhylla var, japnica, Quwecus sp, llex cornuta, Euonymus japonica, Magnolia denudata, bamboo, Castanea sp, Zyphus jujuba M. var. inermis, Vitis sp, Diospyros Koki, Shrubby Althaea, Taxus cuspidala, Taxus cuspidata var. nana, Paulownia, coreana, Buxus sp, Rhododendron schlippenbachoo, Campsic grandiflra, Paeonia suffruticoca, Paeonia albiflora, Chaenomeles lagenaria, Hosta plantaginea var. japonica, Chrysanthemum sp., Phlox paniculata, Belamcanda chinensis, Hollyhock, Nelumbo nucifera, lris ensata var. hortensis, Lycoris radiata, Lycoris squamigera, Lilium sp, Musa basjoo, Salvia splendens, Cymbidium virescens, etc. Finally the way and the principle of temple garden design is sujested that Deva San soo poong or Deva Jung do Lim chun poong are adaptated base on sacred place and immaculacy meditation created from Buddha's mercy.

비병원성 야생효모로부터 알칼리성 단백질분해효소 생산

문정수, 박경서, 공유리, 김수진, 이종수 배재대학교 자연과학연구소 2022 自然科學論文集 Vol.33 No.1

흰쥐 신장에서 Transglutaminase 1, 2, 3 발현에 관한 면역조직화학적 연구

구동억,김원식,박경란,2이증훈,이웅재,노승무,김수열 대한해부학회 1999 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.32 No.2

이단하소에 의해 제조된 PNN-PZ-PN 세라믹의 압전 및 유전특성

이수호,손무헌,조현철,김한근,사공 건 東亞大學校 1997 東亞論叢 Vol.34 No.-

In the fields of the optics, precise machine, semiconductors, the micro-positioning actuators are required for the control of position in submicron range. PNN-PZN-PZT cermics were fabricated with various mole ratio of the PZT[Pb(Zr½ Ti½)O₃] PNN[Pb(Ni⅓Nb⅔)O₃]and PZN[Pb(Zn⅓Nb⅔)O₃]powders prepared by double calcination and PZT powders prepared by molten-salt synthesis method. The formation rate of perovskite phase in PNN-PZN-PZT ceramics could be obtained about 92% at PZT 0.3 mole ratio. The relative permittivity of specimen with PZT 0.3 mole ratio was shown 5,320 and appeared the relaxor ferroelectric feature. The maximum piezoelectric coefficient d₃₁to be used for evaluation the displacement of piezoceramics in PNN-PZN-PZT ceramics was 324×10¹²(C/V) at the vicinity of morphotropic phase boundary and was larger than that of solid PZT ceramics(120×10-¹²C/V).

韓方藥의 藥理

김공수,유광석,한종현 圓光大學校 韓醫學硏究所 1993 원광한의학 Vol.3 No.1

Western medical science places the highest priority on scientific analysis and research. Therefore, Western medicine has obtained good results by estabilishing specific countermeasures against individual diseases, with causes thoroughly analysed and positively diagnosed. On the other hand, Oriental medical science has been particular about intergrating the part into the whole, in general. The superiority and/or inferiority of one approach over the other cannot be determined by either of the two medical sciences, due to the fundamentally different bases. Therefore, the two medical schools must now be combined, by distinguishing and isolating the respective characteristics in treatment, first seperatly and then combined, during a transition period. If Western medical science may be likened to a piece of brick, as its substance can be easily defined, Oriental medical science may be likened to cement. If one were to build a medical science house for the 21st century, a comfortable house could be built using either to the medical sciences as building material, Western medical science, corresponding to brick, or Oriental medical science, corresponding cement. Bricks are easily dimensioned and standardized, whereas cement is not only fixed in from, but requires a great deal of experience for its successful use. Howerever, both items are essential as building materials. It may be held that we can successfully treat the complicated pathogens of diseases afflicting the aged and chronically ill patients by making full and intelligent use of both medical sciences.

'燻煙殺蟲劑의 製造方法'에 關한 考察

李恭洙 東國大學校 1964 論文集 Vol.1 No.-

견/합성섬유 혼방품의 1욕염색(Ⅶ) : 견/아크릴로니트릴 섬유 혼방품의 염색거동 Adsorption Behavior of Silk/Acrylonitrile Fiber

金公朱,김경수,전재홍,이화선 全北大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.40 No.-

In one bath dyeing system of silk/acrylonitrile(acryl) fabric with acid/disperse dyes and acid/cation dyes, adsorption behavior of acid dyes, disperse dyes and cation dyes on silk and acryl fabrics were examined. In the dyeing of acryl with the C. I. Disperse Red 19(Red 19) and The C. I. Disperse Red 60(Red 60), dye uptake with Red 19 was higher than that with Red 60. When the silk and acryl fabric were dyed with C. I. Basic Red 27(Red 27), dye uptake on the acryl was higher than that on the silk. When the silk/acryl fabric was dyed with Red 19 and Basic 27, solid shade could be obtained with Red 19 but could not be obtained with Basic 27. In the dyeing of silk/acryl fabric dyed with Blue 80/Red 27 and C. I. Acid Blue 113(Blue 113)/C. I. Basic Blue 116(Blue 116), compatibility could be obtained with Blue 80/Red 27 but that could not be obtained with Blue 113/Blue 116.

2종의 Ferrite가 혼합된 페라이트/ 고무 복합형 전파흡수체의 전파흡수특성

김한근,이수호,손무헌,박정학,사공 건 東亞大學校 1997 東亞論叢 Vol.34 No.-

In this study, the ferrite/rubber composite microwave absorbers mixed Ni-Zn ferrite and Ni₂Y ferroxplanna were prepared in order to control matching condition. The variation of the material constants(ε*, μ*) and microwave absorbing characteristics were investigated with various ferrite mixing ratio. The material constants of ferrite/rubber composite microwave absorber could be controlled by variation ferrite mixing ratio.

봄철 익산지역 환경대기 중 수용성 이온성분의 일별 침적량

김남송,강공언,김정숙,김현아,신지혜,김병수,최석진 원광대학교 대학원 2008 論文集 Vol.40 No.-

Deposition samples were collected in wet gauge and dry gauge containers at downtown of Iksan city, located southwest of the Korean peninsula, from April 20 to May 1, 2004. The volume of 30-50㎖ deionized water was added for wet gauge before sampling, but dry gauge was installed in the dry state with no deionized water adding. These samples were collected twice a day during daytime and nighttime and were analyzed for anions(Cl^(-), NO^(3-), SO₄^(2-)) and cations (NH₄^(+), Na^(+), K^(+), Mg^(2+), Ca^(2+)) using ion chromatography. Data quality was checked by the data obtained from re-injection of standard solution, Dionex cross check standard solutions, and random several deposition samples, and measured data was estimated to be reliable. Considering the deposition sample volume, the sampling time, the surface area of sampling container, and the ion concentration measured, the deposition amounts were calculated in mg/㎡/day. The sum of ion dry deposition amounts for dry gauge and wet gauge was 9.1±6.7 mg/㎡/day and 26.5±9.1 mg/㎡/day, respectively. A significant increase in deposition amount during rainfall days and Asian yellow dust period was observed for both wet gauge and dry gauge, especially during rainfall days having no difference of deposition amount between in wet gauge and in dry gauge. The mean deposition of all ions measured in this study were higher in wet gauge than in dry gauge because of the surface difference of the sampling container. The mean deposition amount of NH₄^(+), SO₄^(2-), and NO^(3-) in wet gauge were found to be about 27.6 times, 5.5 times, and 3.4 times higher. than that in dry gauge, while the rest of the chemical species were equal or a little higher in wet gauge than in dry gauge. Dominant species in dry gauge were SO₄^(2-) and Ca^(2+), accounting for 14.7% and 47.3% of the total ion dry deposition, whereas those in wet gauge were SO₄^(2-) and NH₄^(+), accounting for 27.7% and 27.1% of the total ion dry deposition, respectively.

Identification of mRNA presence of glucocorticoid receptor alpha and its isoform beta from nasal polyps

Soo-Jung Gong,Bo-Ra Choi,Sung-Won Park,Jae-Hwan Kwon,Dong-Eun Kim 한국생명과학회 2004 한국생명과학회 심포지움 Vol.41 No.-