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Girish, C.K.,Devegowda, G. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.6
A feeding trial was conducted on commercial broilers for a period of 35 days to determine the individual and combined effects of aflatoxin (AF) and T-2 toxin (T-2) on performance, organ weights and immune status. The efficacy of dietary glucomannan-containing yeast product (GYP) ($Mycosorb^{(R)}$) and hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) in preventing the adverse effects of aflatoxin and T-2 toxin was also evaluated. Twelve dietary treatments ($4{\times}3$ factorial) comprising two dietary levels each of AF (0 and 2 mg/kg), T-2 toxin (0 and 1 mg/kg), GYP (0 and 1 kg/ton) and HSCAS (0 and 10 kg/ton) were tested on 720 commercial broiler chickens divided at random into 36 replicates of 20 chicks each (10 males and 10 females). Weight gain and feed intake were recorded weekly. Organ morphology and antibody titers for Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bursal disease (IBD) were measured on the $35^{th}$ day. AF and T-2 toxin individually decreased weight gain and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p<0.05). AF alone (p<0.05) increased weights of liver, kidney, gizzard and spleen and reduced thymus and bursal weights. T-2 toxin (p<0.05) increased liver and gizzard weights and decreased thymus weight. Both AF and T-2 toxin when fed individually affected ND and IBD titers in a significant manner. Significant interactions between AF and T-2 toxin were observed for their additive effects on weight gain, FCR, organ weights and antibody titers. Addition of GYP (p<0.05) improved weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and restored the organ weights. Antibody titers against ND and IBD were significantly improved with the supplementation of GYP. Supplementation of HSCAS (p<0.05) resulted in improvement in weight gain and restored organ weights in the groups fed AF alone, but not in T-2 toxin fed groups. HSCAS inclusion did not influence FCR in toxin fed groups. Addition of HSCAS (p<0.05) improved the antibody titers against ND and IBD only in AF fed groups. Thus, the results indicate that addition of GYP is effective in averting the individual and combined toxicity of aflatoxin and T-2 toxin in commercial broilers, while HSCAS is effective only against aflatoxin.
Girish Bhiogade,J. G. Suryawanshi 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.11
n present scenario it is need for automobile sector to develop clean technology which will result in less fuel consumption and green house gas. The Premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) is one of the effective technologies that give efficiency close to conventional CI engine and eliminates generation of high NOx and PM simultaneously. In the present investigation twin cylinder four stroke water cooled CI engine is used for experimentation. One of the two cylinders of CI engine is modified to run on PCCI mode. An external mixture formation technique is used to achieve PCCI operation. For this purpose a device known as diesel vaporizer is designed and fabricated. The port fuel injector operates at 3 bar injection pressure is used to inject the fuel into the heated vaporizer where it vaporizes and mixes with air in the intake port to form a premixed charge. To control auto ignition of diesel vapor and air mixture, Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technique is used. In the present investigation 10 %, 20 % and 30 % EGR is used for PCCI mode of operation and the results were compared with CI mode of operation. The main objective of the present experimental study is to reduce exhaust emission percentage while maintaining thermal efficiency as close to CI engine. The brake thermal efficiency in PCCI mode little decreases comparing to CI mode but NOx and Smoke emissions decreases drastically in PCCI mode comparing to CI mode of operation.
Molecular Characterisation of Nilagiri Sheep (Ovis aries) of South India Based on Microsatellites
Girish, Haris,Sivaselvam, S.N.,Karthickeyan, S.M.K.,Saravanan, R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.5
Genetic variation in Nilagiri sheep, the only apparel wool breed in South India was studied using 25 FAO recommended ovine-specific microsatellite markers. The number of observed alleles ranged from 3 to 8 with a mean of 5 across all loci. The size of alleles ranged from 72 to 228 bp. The frequency of alleles ranged from 0.0104 to 0.5781. In total, 125 alleles were observed at the 25 loci studied. The effective number of alleles ranged from 2.18 to 6.49. The mean number of effective alleles was 3.84 across all loci. All the 25 loci were found to be highly polymorphic. The PIC values ranged from 0.4587 to 0.8277 with a mean of 0.6485. Of 25 microsatellites studied, 17 were in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium proportions. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.4222 to 1.000 with a mean value of 0.7610 whereas the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.5415 to 0.8459 with a mean value of 0.7213. Except six loci, the other loci revealed negative within-population inbreeding estimates (FIS) indicating excess of heterozygotes in the population of Nilagiri sheep.
Design and Investigation of Junctionless DGTFET for Biological Molecule Recognition
Girish Wadhwa,Priyanka Kamboj,Jeetendra Singh,Balwinder Raj 한국전기전자재료학회 2021 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.22 No.3
This work utilizes the dielectric modulated detection technique within a junctionless tunnel fi eld-effect transistor (JLTFET) to detect various charged and neutral biomolecules. The electrostatic properties of the proposed dielectric modulated junctionless double gate JLTFET (DM-JL DGTFET) are observed and analyzed to determine the biomolecules like uricase(k = 1.54), Glucose oxidase (k = 3.46), APTES (k = 3.57), keratin (k = 8) and gelatin (k = 14) lipid, carbohydrate, nucleic acid (DNA and RNA), and protein, etc. The SiO 2 (gate oxide) is etched and a cavity is shaped under the gate electrode in which the analytes are injected and thus the eff ective dielectric of the gate oxide is modulated. The injected charge or neutral analytes of the various biomolecules in the immobilized states are responsible to change the electrostatic characteristics of the DM-JL DGTFET device by varying the gate capacitance. The drain current, I ON /I OFF , subthreshold slope, and sensitivity of the DM-JL DGTFET are estimated to recognize the biomolecules. The DM-DGJLTFET shows noticeable sensitivity outcomes 15.2 × 10 11 for the charged biomolecules, especially the positively charged analytes.
Improved Synthesis of a DNA-dependent Protein Kinase Inhibitor IC86621
Girish Chandra,정낙신,Varughese Alexander,Hyuk Woo Lee 대한약학회 2012 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.35 No.4
An improved synthesis of DNA-dependent protein kinase inhibitor, IC86621 is described. This developed method provides an easy access to this simple molecule by using amination, acetylation and Fries rearrangement reactions.
The Perceived Influence of Sport Event Spectatorship on Subjective Wellbeing
Girish Ramchandani,Richard Coleman,Robbie Millar 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2022 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.7 No.1
The purpose of this paper is to examine the perceived influence of major sports events on the subjective wellbeing of spectators. The research covered three sporting events featuring racket sports held in the UK between 2017 and 2018 and was concerned with spectators (aged 16 and over) who attended one of these events. Four aspects of subjective wellbeing were considered: life satisfaction, happiness, feeling worthwhile, and anxiety. A composite subjective wellbeing measure encompassing these aspects was also developed. Primary data were collected from spectators at each event and an overall spectator sample of 362 was achieved. Respondents perceived that their subjective wellbeing was enhanced significantly as a consequence of attending major sports events across all measures. We also found that frequency of event attendance and being inspired by events to be more physically active were positively and significantly associated with perceived improvements in subjective wellbeing attributed to attending events. Our study indicates that there are two potential mechanisms through which improvements in subjective wellbeing from attending major sports events are manifested. First, a direct effect of being at an event on subjective wellbeing. Second, an indirect effect of event attendance on subjective wellbeing that stems from a feeling of inspiration.
Girish Gopinath,S. Nimmi 대한공간정보학회 2018 Spatial Information Research Vol.26 No.4
The increasing availability of remote sensing imageries with different spatial, spectral, temporal and radiometric characteristics expands the horizon of our choices in imageries and vegetation mapping. Among the various techniques in vegetation mapping the use of vegetative indices confiscates the simplest and easiest one to understand and calculate. This work proposes automatic extraction of different vegetation and water indices from ResourceSat-1(IRS-P6) images. The concept paves to calculate indices for any ResourceSat image prearranged to the program which is written in MATLAB 2013a. The effortlessly accessible images from its onboard sensors as Medium Resolution Linear Imaging Self-Scanner (LISSIII) and Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) were considered to calculate six major indices like Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Infrared Percentage Vegetation Index, Ratio Vegetation Index, Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Green Red Vegetation Index, and Normalized Difference Water Index automatically. The program was written for any ResourceSat (LISS-III and AWiFS) data so that further analysis as well as calculation of more indices can be done by any individual within MATLAB. The user-friendly and time preserving feature makes MATLAB more powerful that any common user can deal with the analysis without the presence of any GIS experts that other softwares do.