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Les TIC en zone rurale : de la fracture numérique à la revitalisation d'un territoire
Gilles Brachotte 고려대학교 응용문화연구소 2011 에피스테메 Vol.0 No.5
Cet article questionne l'intégration sociale des technologies de l'information et de la communication en zone rurale. En s'interrogeant sur les problématiques propres des zones rurales par rapport aux zones urbaines, il met en évidence les critères et les raisons de l'existence d'une fracture numérique à la fois territoriale et sociale. Dans un second temps, il donne quelques pistes de réflexions permettant de considérer les TIC comme des catalyseurs pouvant revitaliser les territoires ruraux. This paper questions the social integration of ICT in rural areas. By analyzing the specific issues faced by rural areas, as opposed to urban areas, it reveals the distinguishing criteria and the reasons behind the digital divide which can be seen to exist both socially and geographically. The paper then examines how ICT can be considered as a catalyst contributing to revitalize such rural areas.
Dysautonomia in Narcolepsy: Evidence by Questionnaire Assessment
Gilles Klein,Lothar Burghaus,Michel Vaillant,Vannina Pieri,Gereon R. Fink,Nico Diederich 대한신경과학회 2014 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.10 No.4
Background and Purpose Excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks are themain features of narcolepsy, but rapid-eye-movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), hyposmia,and depression can also occur. The latter symptoms are nonmotor features in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD). In the present study, IPD-proven diagnostic tools were tested to determine whether they are also applicable in the assessment of narcolepsy. Methods This was a case-control study comparing 15 patients with narcolepsy (PN) and 15control subjects (CS) using the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s Autonomic Test (SCOPA-AUT), Parkinson’s Disease Nonmotor Symptoms (PDNMS), University of Pennsylvania SmellTest, Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue test, Beck Depression Inventory, and the RBD screeningquestionnaire. Results Both the PN and CS exhibited mild hyposmia and no deficits in visual tests. Frequentdysautonomia in all domains except sexuality was found for the PN. The total SCOPA-AUTscore was higher for the PN (18.47±10.08, mean±SD) than for the CS (4.40±3.09), as was thePDNMS score (10.53±4.78 and 1.80±2.31, respectively). RBD was present in 87% of the PNand 0% of the CS. The PN were more depressed than the CS. The differences between the PNand CS for all of these variables were statistically significant (all p<0.05). Conclusions The results of this study provide evidence for the presence of dysautonomia andconfirm the comorbidities of depression and RBD in narcolepsy patients. The spectrum, whichis comparable to the nonmotor complex in IPD, suggests wide-ranging, clinically detectabledysfunction beyond the narcoleptic core syndrome.
Point load actuation on plate structures based on triangular piezoelectric patches
Gilles Tondreau,Sudharsana Raamanujan Raman,Arnaud Deraemaeker 국제구조공학회 2014 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.13 No.4
This paper investigates the design of a perfect point load actuator based on flat triangular piezoelectric patches. Applying a difference of electric potential between the electrodes of a triangular patch leads to point loads at the tips and distributed moments along the edges of the electrodes. The previously derived analytical expressions of these forces show that they depend on two factors: the width over height (b/l) ratio of the triangle, and the ratio of the in-plane piezoelectric properties (e31/e32) of the active layer of the piezoelectric patch. In this paper, it is shown that by a proper choice of b/l and of the piezoelectric properties, the moments can be cancelled, so that if one side of the triangle is clamped, a perfect point load actuation can be achieved. This requires e31/e32 to be negative, which imposes the use of interdigitated electrodes instead of continuous ones. The design of two transducers with interdigitated electrodes for perfect point load actuation on a clamped plate is verified with finite element calculations. The first design is based on a full piezoelectric ceramic patch and shows superior actuation performance than the second design based on a piezocomposite patch with a volume fraction of fibres of 86%. The results show that both designs lead to perfect point load actuation while the use of an isotropic PZT patch with continuous electrodes gives significantly different results.