Diagnostic Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity and Positive Predictive Value of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) in Intra Oral Tumors

Gillani, Munazza,Akhtar, Farhan,Ali, Zafar,Naz, Irum,Atique, Muhammad,Khadim, Muhammad Tahir Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.8

Objective: The objective of this study was to establish the diagnostic accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) for intra-oral tumors, comparing with histopathology as the gold standard. Materials and methods: Forty cases of FNA cytology from intraoral tumors was performed in AFID along with the demographic data and clinical information and then diagnosed at AFIP, Rawalpindi. Then the cytology results obtained per FNAC were compared with the histopathological biopsy results of the same lesions. The following variables were recorded for each patient: Age, gender, site of biopsy, diagnosis. The data were entered and analyzed using Open-epi version 2.0. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated. Cohen Kappa was further applied to compare the agreement between the biopsy and FNAC diagnoses. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Among the total patients included in the study there were 24 males and 16 females, with a ratio of 1.5:1. Age of the patients ranged from 24 to 80 years with a mean of 52 years. A total of six sites were aspirated from the oral cavity with maximum (11) aspirates taken from alveolar ridge. The results of FNAC revealed that there were 32 malignant and 8 benign aspirates. Confirmation through histopathological analysis came for 31/32 malignant cases while one was falsely given positive for malignancy on FNAC. Among a total of 40 cases, 31(77%) cases diagnosed were found to be malignant and remaining 9(23%) were benign. The FNAC results revealed 32 malignant and 8 benign lesions. Histopathology of the subsequent surgically excised specimen showed malignant lesions in 31(77%) and benign in 9(23%) patients. As a whole, it was found that the absolute sensitivity for introral FNAC was 100% and specificity 89% with positive predictive value of 97% and negative predictive value of 100%. Conclusion: Cytological diagnosis was almost corroborative with final histopathological diagnosis in all cases, with very few exceptions, exhibiting high diagnostic accuracy.

School-based professional development training of teachers linked to increase in enrolment: evidence from Pakistan

Gillani, Abbas A. 서울대학교 교육연구소 2022 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.23 No.3

Of the estimated 0.6 million teachers employed at government schools in Pakistan, 43 percent have not received any professional development training. A considerable amount of research has focused on the effects of teachers’ psychological characteristics and academic qualifications on subsequent student achievement but there is limited evidence on the related effectiveness of school-based professional development training received by teachers on the educational outcomes of students. By using school-level data between 2013 and 2018 from over 21,000 schools in Pakistan from the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER), this paper assays the relationship between the number of schoolteachers who had received professional development training and student enrollment in schools. A fixed effects estimation yields two important results. First, the total number of schoolteachers who received lengthier school-based professional development training had a stronger and larger positive correlation with student enrollment at a school. Second, the total number of schoolteachers who received school-based professional development training had a stronger and larger positive correlation with total enrollment at girls’ schools, compared to boys’ schools. Future research should focus on the mechanism behind the heterogeneous effects across gender as the literature quantifying the magnitude of such mechanisms is an emerging area of interest.

Comparison of Linux virtual machines and containers for a service migration in 5G multi-access edge computing

GILLANI KHASA,이종혁 한국통신학회 2020 ICT Express Vol.6 No.1

Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) has emerged as a novel and efficient technology to enable a new breed of time sensitive applications in the 5G era. By installing small computing infrastructures at the network edges, it solves the current centralized structure problem of the cloud infrastructure (i.e., high end-to-end communication latency between a user equipment and the cloud). As users move across different sites over time, continuous seamless service support to the users is also required. A service migration in 5G MEC is a promising approach for continuous seamless service support by migrating active services to a new MEC host near the current user location. In this paper, a comparison result for the service migration implemented either in a virtual machine or container is presented. The motivation behind this paper is to understand the fundamental performance differences between the virtual machine and container for the service migration in 5G MEC.

Diet and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Asia - a Systematic Review

Azeem, Salman,Gillani, Syed Wasif,Siddiqui, Ammar,Jandrajupalli, Suresh Babu,Poh, Vinci,Sulaiman, Syed Azhar Syed Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.13

Diet is one of the major factors that can exert a majorly influence on colorectal cancer risk. This systematic review aimed to find correlations between various diet types, food or nutrients and colorectal cancer risk among Asian populations. Search limitations include dAsian populations residing in Asia, being published from the year 2008 till present, and written in the English language. A total of 16 articles were included in this systematic review. We found that red meats, processed meats, preserved foods, saturated/animal fats, cholesterol, high sugar foods, spicy foods, tubers or refined carbohydrates have been found by most studies to have a positive association with colorectal cancer risk. Inversely, calcium/dairy foods, vitamin D, general vegetable/fruit/fiber consumption, cruciferous vegetables, soy bean/soy products, selenium, vitamins C,E and B12, lycophene, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, folic acid and many other vitamins and minerals play a protective role against colorectal cancer risk. Associations of fish and seafood consumption with colorectal cancer risk are still inconclusive due to many varying findings, and require further more detailed studies to pinpoint the actual correlation. There is either a positive or no association for total meat consumption or white meats, however their influence is not as strong as with red and processed meats.

Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior of Healthcare Providers towards Breast Cancer in Malaysia: a Systematic Review

Azeem, Eman,Gillani, Syed Wasif,Siddiqui, Ammar,HA, Al Shammary,Poh, Vinci,Sulaiman, Syed Azhar Syed,Baig, Mirza Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.13

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Malaysia. Therefore, it is highly important for the public to be educated on breast cancer and to know the steps to detect it early on. Healthcare providers are in the prime position to provide such education to the public due to their high knowledge regarding health and their roles in healthcare. The present systematic review involved studies conducted in recent years to analyze the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of Malaysian healthcare providers regarding breast cancer, in attempts to obtain an overall picture of how well equipped our healthcare providers are to provide optimal breast cancer education, and to see their perceptions and actual involvement in said education. The systematic review was conducted via a primary search of various databases and journal websites, and a secondary search of references used by eligible studies. Criteria for eligibility included being published from the year 2008 till present, being conducted in Malaysia, and being written in the English language. A total of two studies were eligible for this review. Findings show that Malaysian future and current healthcare providers have moderate knowledge on breast cancer, have a positive towards involvement of breast cancer education, but have poor actual involvement.

Application of Subset Theory towards Solution of Functional Diversity Paradox

Muhammad Naeem,Saira Gillani,Sohail Asghar 보안공학연구지원센터 2013 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.6 No.2

복합섬유패널과 BFRP시트를 이용한 보강이 정사각형 단면 철근콘크리트 기둥의 지진거동에 미치는 영향

이혜린 ( Lee Hyerin ),조정현 ( Cho Junghyun ),아가사야드무하마드길라니 ( Gillani Agha Syed Muhammad ),심윤구 ( Shim Yun-gu ),홍기증 ( Hong Kee-jeung ) 한국복합신소재구조학회 2021 복합신소재구조학회논문집 Vol.12 No.1

현무암 섬유를 함유한 BFRP 시트와 복합섬유 패널로 보강한 정사각형 단면 철근콘크리트 기둥에 대한 반복하중 실험을 수행하여 지진 거동을 검토하였다. 30%가량의 상당한 수준의 축하중비 조건 하에서 전단 손상이 발생하였음에도 불구하고, 보강 실험체에서 변위연성도 및 에너지 소산능력의 증가를 확인하였다. 실험체의 파괴 모드는 휨-전단 고연성 파괴로 분류되며, 철근콘크리트 구조물에서 자주 관찰되는 파괴 모드이다. 하지만 이러한 파괴에 이르는 정사각형 단면 철근콘크리트 기둥에 BFRP을 포함한 복합재료 보강이 미치는 영향에 대한 연구가 현재까지 광범위하게 이루어지지는 않았다. 복합재료로 보강한 철근콘크리트 기둥의 휨-전단 거동을 보다 깊이 이해하는 데 본 연구의 결과가 기여할 것으로 기대한다. A series of cyclic tests was conducted to investigate the seismic behavior of square reinforced concrete (RC) columns strengthened with basalt-based fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) sheets and composite fiber panels. Even with shear damages under the significant axial load ratio around 30%, the specimens with wrapping had improvements in displacement ductility and energy dissipation. The failure mode of the specimens is classified as flexural-shear high ductility failure, which is frequently observed in RC structures. So far, the effect of wrapping with composite materials, including BFRP on square RC columns finally reaching this failure mode, was not extensively examined. The test results may contribute to a better understanding of the flexure-shear behavior of RC columns strengthened with composite materials.

Service innovation capabilities as the precursor to business model innovation: a conditional process analysis

Kiani Malkah Noor,Ahmad Mehboob,Gillani Syed Hussain Mustafa 기술경영경제학회 2019 ASIAN JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION Vol.27 No.2

Espousing a continuous innovation in existing business models is a necessity to sustain in present dynamic status quo of emerging mobile banking sector of Pakistan. Therefore, this research aims to empirically investigate the factors that affect the business model innovation among the key players of the mobile banking sector of Pakistan. In this regard, four research questions have been formulated. Research survey has been conducted from the 365 employees of mobile banking sector of Pakistan through a stratified sampling strategy. The collected data were analyzed using the regression-based process approach of Andrew Hayes [2017. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Press]. The results of the collected data revealed that the service innovation capabilities, innovation success and knowledge exploration serve as the antecedents of business model innovation among Pakistani mobile banking sector. The contribution of this research work is evident from the fact that no or negligible researches on the business model innovation have been carried earlier in the cultural context of Pakistan. Furthermore, this research work attempts to close some of the identified gaps in the literature.

Major surgeries performed for gestational trophoblastic neoplasms in a teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran

Fatemeh Ghaemmaghami,Tahereh Ashrafgangooei,Mitra Modares Gillani,Asamosadat Mosavi,Nadereh Behtash 대한부인종양학회 2011 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.22 No.2

Objective: This study aim was to evaluate indications and outcomes of surgical interventions performed in patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasm. Methods: During January 1995 to December 2005, 110 patients with a diagnosis of persistent gestational trophoblastic neoplasm were treated in our Gynecologic Oncologic Department. Risk score calculation was carried out based on the revised FIGO 2000 scoring system for gestational trophoblastic neoplasm. Data from the patients’ records and pathologic reports were analyzed by the chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests and logistic regression. The Kaplan-Meier method including the log rank test was used to compare survival and recurrence. Results: Eight patients did not complete their treatment and were excluded from the study. We evaluated treatment responses and outcomes in 102 patients. Seventy-nine patients (77.5%) responded fully to chemotherapy while 23 patients (22.5%) required surgery. Among 23 patients who underwent surgery, 10 cases (43.5%) had bleeding, and 13 cases (56.5%) had drug resistance. Several factors were found to be significantly different between the groups who responded to chemotherapy and those who needed surgery, including age (p=0.001), antecedent non-molar pregnancy (0.028), tumor stage (p=0.009), and pre- treatment risk scores (p=0.008). But, the total courses of chemotherapy (p=0.521), need to salvage chemotherapy (p=0.074), survival rates (p=0.714), and disease free survival rates (p=0.206) were not significantly different. Conclusion: The data suggest that age, antecedent non-molar pregnancy, tumor stage and the prognostic score are clinical predictors of need for surgery. But, it dose not seem that surgery have any effect on the total course of chemotherapy, need for salvage chemotherapy, and patient prognosis. Objective: This study aim was to evaluate indications and outcomes of surgical interventions performed in patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasm. Methods: During January 1995 to December 2005, 110 patients with a diagnosis of persistent gestational trophoblastic neoplasm were treated in our Gynecologic Oncologic Department. Risk score calculation was carried out based on the revised FIGO 2000 scoring system for gestational trophoblastic neoplasm. Data from the patients’ records and pathologic reports were analyzed by the chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests and logistic regression. The Kaplan-Meier method including the log rank test was used to compare survival and recurrence. Results: Eight patients did not complete their treatment and were excluded from the study. We evaluated treatment responses and outcomes in 102 patients. Seventy-nine patients (77.5%) responded fully to chemotherapy while 23 patients (22.5%) required surgery. Among 23 patients who underwent surgery, 10 cases (43.5%) had bleeding, and 13 cases (56.5%) had drug resistance. Several factors were found to be significantly different between the groups who responded to chemotherapy and those who needed surgery, including age (p=0.001), antecedent non-molar pregnancy (0.028), tumor stage (p=0.009), and pre- treatment risk scores (p=0.008). But, the total courses of chemotherapy (p=0.521), need to salvage chemotherapy (p=0.074), survival rates (p=0.714), and disease free survival rates (p=0.206) were not significantly different. Conclusion: The data suggest that age, antecedent non-molar pregnancy, tumor stage and the prognostic score are clinical predictors of need for surgery. But, it dose not seem that surgery have any effect on the total course of chemotherapy, need for salvage chemotherapy, and patient prognosis.

Strengthening of concrete damaged by mechanical loading and elevated temperature

Ahmad, Hammad,Hameed, Rashid,Riaz, Muhammad Rizwan,Gillani, Asad Ali Techno-Press 2018 Advances in concrete construction Vol.6 No.6

Despite being one of the most abundantly used construction materials because of its exceptional properties, concrete is susceptible to deterioration and damage due to various factors particularly corrosion, improper loading, poor workmanship and design discrepancies, and as a result concrete structures require retrofitting and strengthening. In recent times, Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites have substituted the conventional techniques of retrofitting and strengthening of damaged concrete. Most of the research studies related to concrete strengthening using FRP have been performed on undamaged test specimens. This contribution presents the results of an experimental study in which concrete specimens were damaged by mechanical loading and elevated temperature in laboratory prior to application of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheets for strengthening. The test specimens prepared using concrete of target compressive strength of 28 MPa at 28 days were subjected to compressive and splitting tensile testing up to failure and the intact pieces of the failed specimens were collected for the purpose of repair. In order to induce damage as a result of elevated temperature, the concrete cylinders were subjected to $400^{\circ}C$ and $800^{\circ}C$ temperature for two hours duration. Concrete cylinders damaged under compressive and split tensile loads were re-cast using concrete and rich cement-sand mortar, respectively and then strengthened using CFRP wrap. Concrete cylinders damaged due to elevated temperature were also strengthened using CFRP wrap. Re-cast and strengthened concrete cylinders were tested in compression and splitting tension. The obtained results revealed that re-casting of specimens damaged by mechanical loadings using concrete & mortar, and then strengthened by single layer CFRP wrap exhibited strength even higher than their original values. In case of specimens damaged by elevated temperature, the results indicated that concrete strength is significantly dropped and strengthening using CFRP wrap made it possible to not only recover the lost strength but also resulted in concrete strength greater than the original value.