1940년대 박영종 동요ㆍ동시론의 의미

박영기(Park, Young-Gi) 한국아동문학학회 2015 한국아동문학연구 Vol.- No.29

박영종은 1930년대에 많은 동요, 동시를 창작하고 1940년대에는 이를 바탕으로 《아희생활》, 《주간소학생》, 《소학생》, 《어린이다이제스트》 등에 동요ㆍ동시론을 발표하였다. 그가 등단한 1930년대는 프롤레타리아 동요ㆍ동시론이 활발히 전개되는 시기였지만 이 시기의 동요ㆍ동시론 대부분이 일본의 사이조 야소, 노구치 우죠, 기타하라 하쿠슈 등이 전개한 이론을 소개하고 이에 이념적 견해를 덧붙이는 수준에 머물러 있었다. 실질적인 의미에서 한국적 동요ㆍ동시론의 전개가 미미했던 시기였다. 이때 1940년 《아희생활》에 수록된 박영종의 「동시독본」은 초보적인 형태이지만 ‘동시’의 본령에 접근하기 쉽게 동시 창작의 길을 보여준 글이다. 박영종의 동시론은 동시의 소재에 대해 다양한 방면으로 접근하고 관찰, 추론할 수 있도록 어린이들의 상상력을 이끌어낸 후, 이를 바탕으로 본격적인 동시를 쓰도록 유도하는 구체적인 창작법이었다. 이러한 방식은 동 시기에 거의 만나볼 수 없었던 것이다. 광복이 된 후에는 어린이들이 일제의 잔재에서 벗어나 한글로 자신의 감정을 쉽게 표현할 수 있도록 동시보다 친근한 동요로 회귀하였다. 《주간소학생》과 《소학생》에 「동요 짓는 법」과 「동요 맛보기」를 연재하여 외국 아동문학이론가의 영향을 받지 않은 독특한 스타일의 동요론을 내놓았다. 한국의 전래동요와 창작동요를 예시로 하였기 때문에 한국의 좋은 동요 작품을 소개하게 하는 의미도 함께 지닌다. 「동요 짓는 법」은 ‘동요작법’의 성격을 띠고 있었으며, 「동요 맛보기」는 ‘동요감상법’의 성격을 띠고 있다. 「동요 맛보기」는 다양한 방면에서 동요를 감상할 수 있도록 여러 동요를 소개하고 작품을 해설하였다. 비록 그가 1950년대 이후 저서에서 ‘동요보다는 동시’를 쓰라고 강조하고 있지만 그것은 동요가 가진 자수율이 어린이들의 동요 창작을 방해할까봐 염려하는 마음에서 나온 것이었다. 그에게 동요와 동시의 구분은 그리 중요한 것은 아니었다. 박영종은 그만의 독특한 방식, 즉 이미지를 극대화하여 동화적 상상력으로 동요와 동시의 감수성을 포착하고 이를 표현하도록 하는 동요ㆍ동시론을 전개하였다. 이는 박영종이 추구하는 시세계의 궁극적 이상을 표현하기 위한 것이었다. Park, Young-Jong composed children’s songs and children’s poems in 1930’s and hepublished theory of children’s song and children’s poem in 《Ahuisaenghwal》, 《Sohaksaeng》, 《Children digest》 in 1940’s. In 1940’s, Park, Young-Jong’s reading book of children’s poem which was included in 《Ahuisaenghwal》 was start of the Korean style children poem theory. Although it was rudimentary form, it opened the way to compose children’s poem to approach easily to the children poem’s characteristic. Park, Young-Jong drawed out children’s imagination and he induced children to compose children’s poem. There was no these kinds of approach at that period. After our independence, he tried to help the children to escape from the vestiges of Japanese imperialism and to express their emotion in Hangul. To do these, he returned to children’s song which is more friendly than children’s poem. By publishing 「how to compose children’s song」 and 「foretaste of children’s poem」 serially in 《Jugan Sohaksaeng》 and 《Sohaksaeng》, he presented his unique theory of children’s son which was unaffected by the foreign children’s literature theorist. Park, Young-Jong developed his theory of children’s song and children’s poem by his own unique way. His unique way is to catch the impression ability of children’s song and poem by image maximizing and to express them. This is the way to express his eventual ideals that he pursue with children’s song and children’s poem.

Effect of Ti Addition on the Microstructure and High-Temperature Oxidation Property of AlCoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy

Gi‑Su Ham,Young‑Kyun Kim,Young Sang Na,Kee‑Ahn Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.1

This study investigated the effect of Ti addition on microstructure and high-temperature oxidation property of AlCoCrFeNihigh-entropy alloy. Ti content was controlled at 0 at% and 1 at%. The two alloys were found to have BCC single phase, andthe average grain sizes of Ti0.0 and Ti1.0 were 47.3 μm and 49.7 μm, respectively, showing similarity. The EDS mappingof the inside of grains found that both alloys were characterized to be divided into Al-Ni element rich region and Cr–Feelement rich region. As a result of high-temperature oxidation test at 1100 °C, oxidation weight gains were measured atTi0.0: 0.75 mg/cm2 and Ti1.0: 0.17 mg/cm2, respectively. The results indicate that Ti addition largely improved high temperatureoxidation resistance of AlCoCrFeNi HEA. Ti1.0 alloy, in particular, showed remarkably more excellent 1100 °Chigh-temperature oxidation resistance than other previously reported major ones such as NiCrAl and FeCrAl. In the surfaceand cross-section observations after oxidation tests, both alloys were found to have Al2O3oxides mostly. While the Ti0.0material was observed to have Al2O3spallation macroscopically, the Ti1.0 alloy showed Al2O3spallation only in some localareas. In addition, a unique result was found in AlCoCrFeNiTix(x=0,1) alloy that BCC → FCC phase transformation was accelerated,and FCC phase layer was formed in the surficial area where Al element had been depleted due to high-temperatureoxidation. Moreover, as Ti was added, the thickness of FCC layer induced by high-temperature oxidation decreased. Basedon the results, it was also discussed on how to improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of AlCoCrFeNiTixHEA.

간세포성 암종과 담관암종에서 Glutathione S-Transferase π의 면역조직화학적 발현

한상영,손영기,이종훈,박희승,노명환,최석렬,최홍조,허기영 大韓消化器病學會 1998 大韓消化器病學會誌 Vol.31 No.1

전경대원에서 발생한 결핵의 임상 양상

문창기,박상준,조민구,김영중,김소연,김윤권,정준오,안석진,김은실,서승오,김지훈,최원제,이윤영,박형기,최규영,김현근 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6

Background: The purpose of this study was to document the incidence and clinical characteristics of patients with tuberculosis (TB) in combat and auxiliary police, living in a group, in Korea where the incidence rate of active TB in a general population is higher than in Western countries. Materials and Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all tuberculosis patients diagnosed at National Police Hospital from January 2002 through December 2004. Results:In 2002-2004, a total of 156 cases of tuberculosis were identified with the mean (Standard deviation) age of 20.6 (±1.0) years. Of these, 134 (85.9%) patients were registered as new cases, 11 (7.1%) as relapse, 2 (1.3%) as failure, 5 (3.1%) as treatment-after-default cases whereas 4 (2.6 %) patients were not included in any categories. Average annual new TB rate and smear-positive TB rate were 86.5/10^(5) and 17.4/10^(5) person-years, respectively. In 12 of 31 smear-positive cases, time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was more than 30 days. Two multidrug-resistance TB cases were identified and two suspected outbreak episodes of TB had occurred during 3 years. Conclusion:There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of new cases of TB between the general population aged 20 to 29 years and combat and auxiliary police in Korea. 배경 : 국내 결핵의 발생은 감소 추세에 있으나 여전히 후진국형 발생양상을 보이고 있다. 특히 집단생활을 하는 젊은이들에서 발생하는 결핵의 유행이 간헐적으로 알려지고 있어 우려를 낳고 있다. 이에 저자들은 최근 전경대원의 결핵 발병 양상에 대해 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2002년 1월부터 2004년 12월까지 3년간 경찰병원에서 결핵 진료를 받은 전경대원의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하여 연도별 결핵 신환발생률, 도말양성결핵 신환율, 진단 지연, 집단발병, 다제내성결핵을 조사하였다. 결과 : 연도별 결핵 신환자 수(10만명당 발생추정치)는 2002년 50명(83.6명), 2003년 42명(83.7명), 2004년 42명(93.5명)이었고 도말양성 폐결핵 신환자 수는 2002년 10명(16.7명), 2003년 11명(21.9명), 2004년 6명(13.4명)이었다. 3년간 도말양성 폐결핵 환자는 31명이 있었고 그 중 12명은 호흡기 증상 발생 30일이 지나서 진단을 받았다. 다제내성 결핵은 2명이 있었으며 결핵의 집단발병이 의심되는 사례는 2차례 있었다. 결론 : 전경대원과 20-29세 연령군 일반인의 결핵 신환발생률, 도말양성 폐결핵 발생률의 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다.

지체장애인의 사회인구학적 특성과 생활체육 참여 간의 인과모형

김기영,문용 한국특수체육학회 1999 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.7 No.2

The principal purpose of this study is to analyze closely the causal effects between personal traits and participation of the physically handicapped in mass sports. For this purpose the research was administered to 368 male and female adults dwelling in both Kyeonggi Province and Seoul. Data were collected through samples by means of cluster sampling method. The questionnaire for data collection of this study was based on those used in domestic previous studies of Kim Jeong Sun's(1987), Lee Jeong Young's(1989, 1991), Park Young Kwan's(1992), Lee Jae Hong's(1993). McPerson's(1977), and Greendorfer's(1974), and used them after examing the verification of validity and reliability through pilot test. The methods of Statistics used to analyze the collected datas were structural equation modeling analysis. The following is conlusions brought through these analyzing methods and process in this study. 1. There was partialy supported by hypothesis 1 of the relationship between personal traits and participation of the physically handicapped in mass sports. 2. There was partialy supported by hypothesis 2 of the relationship between personal traits and participation of the physically handicapped in mass sports. 3. There was supported by hypothesis 3 of the relationship between personal traits and participation of the physically handicapped in mass sports. 4. There was not supported by hypothesis 4 of the relationship between personal traits and participation of the physically handicapped in mass sports. 5. There was not supported by hypothesis 5 of the relationship between personal traits and participation of the physically handicapped in mass sports. 6. There was partialy supported by hypothesis 6 of the relationship between personal traits and participation of the physically handicapped in mass sports. 7. There was supported by hypothesis 7 of the relationship between personal traits and participation of the physically handicapped in mass sports.

Influence of fiber length and its distribution in three phase poly(propylene) composites

Seong, Dong Gi,Kang, Chul,Pak, Seong Yeol,Kim, Chai Hwan,Song, Young Seok Elsevier 2019 Composites Part B, Engineering Vol.168 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We explored how the fiber lengh affects physical properties of three phase polymer composites. The composites including glass fibers, graphites and poly(propylene) were produced via injection molding. The fiber length and its distribution were analyzed before and after molding. Two different fiber lenghs (i.e., 2 mm and 10 mm) were adopted in this study. The morphological analysis of the samples was carried out to evaluate the fiber orientation depending on the fiber length. The thermal, mechanical, and viscoelastic behaviors of the composites were analyzed experimentally. The finding revealed that the longer fiber reinforced composites showed higher viscoelastic properties, Young's modulus, and melting temperature but showed less uniform distribution of fibers. In addition, numerical simulation was conducted to help understand the experimental results.</P>

시설거주 노인의 연령과 성별에 따른 신체구성, 하지근력 및 심혈관 변인의 분석

박용기(Park, Yong-Gi),심영제(Sim, Young-Je),변용현(Byun, Yong-Hyun) 한국사회체육학회 2018 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.73

The aim of this study is to compare and analyze the body composition, leg strength and cardiovascular variable for the elderly who are in residential aged care facilities according to sex and age. A total of sixty-nine subjects between 65 to 85 who inhabit in Silver Tower, fee charging facilities for the elderly, were invited to participate. Four groups were formed; a young-old men Group (YMG, n= 31), a young-old woman Group (YWG , n = 22), an old-old men Group (OMG, n= 8). Variables of Body composition (Ht, Wt, BMW, BF, BF%, BMI)were measured through Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis(BIA). Variables of leg strength (60%PTFx, 60%PTEt, 180%PTFx, 180%PTEt) were measured by isokineic devices Cybex 6000. Cardiovascular Variables (RHR, RSBP, RDBP, MHR, MSBP, MDBP) were measured through sub-maximal test applied by Modified Bruce Protocol. All data were expressed by using One-way ANOVA in order to compare between 4 groups. Significance level(a) was 0.05. Ht and BMW of body composition variables between groups showed that YMG and OMG were high. There was statistical significance according to sex (p<.05). BF and BF% from comparison between groups turned up higher for YWG and OWG. There was statistical significance according to sex as well (p<.05). BMI from comparison between groups turned up higher at YWG. There was statistical significance according to sex and age (p<.05). All data of cardiovascular variables showed that there was not statistical significance according to sex and age. 60%PTFx and 60%PTEt of all leg strength variables between groups showed that YMG and OMG were high. There was statistical significance according to sex (p<.05). It showed that there was no statistical significance in 60%PTFx and 60%PTEt of all leg strength variables between groups. In conclusion, it is expected that body composition and leg strength variables for the elderly are so different according to sex and age that the life expectancy of the elderly will increase more. The more detailed studies are needed in future.

후천적 지체장애인의 스포츠사회화 주관자, 장애특성, 및 생활체육 참여 간의 인과모형

문용(MunYong),김기영(KimGi-young),윤형기(YoonHyung-Gi) 한국체육학회 2000 한국체육학회지 Vol.39 No.1

본 연구는 후천적 지체장애인을 대상으로 스포츠사회화 주관자, 장애특성 및 생활체육 참여 간의 인과모형을 규명하는데 있다. 구체적으로 박영관(1993)과 김기영(1997a)의 지체장애인의 스포츠 사회화 요인, 장애특성, 생활체육 참여에 관한 선행연구를 기초로 하고, 문 용(1999)의 연구모형을 참고하여 관계모형을 설정한 다음 장애특성 척도는 김기영(1997)의 연구에서 사용한 스포츠 사회화 주관자, 장애특성 및 생활체육 참여정도 척도를 수정ㆍ보완하여 사용하였다. 구체적으로 장애특성은 장애유형, 장애정도, 장애발생 시기 등 3개 요인에 5개 문항으로 설정하여 명목, 서열척도로 구성하였고, 스포츠 사회화 주관자 척도는 가족, 동료, 학교, 지역사회, 의료집단, 대중매체 등 6개 요인에 대해 전체 21개 문항을 모두 등간척도로 구성하였다. 그리고 생활체육 참여정도 척도는 빈도, 기간, 강도를 포함하고 있으며 구체적으로 생활체육 참여 정도에 관한 문항은 개방형 문항으로 둥간, 비율 척도이며, 기타 문항은 등간, 명목척도로 구성하였다.그리고 본 연구의 대상은 서울시와 경기도 지역에 거주하고 있는 후천적 성인 지체장애인을 모집단으로 설정하고, 군집표본추출법을 이용하여 표본을 추출하였다. 설문조사에 참여한 인원은 368명이었으며, 연구목적을 도출하기 위해 368부의 원자료를 amos와 lisrel 8.12version인 simplis comand language 프로그램을 이용하여 공변량 구조분석을 실시하였다.연구목적을 분석ㆍ규명하여 다음과 같은 결론을 도출할 수 있었다.첫째, 가족, 동료, 학교, 의료집단 사회화 주관자와 장애특성 간의 연구가설은 지지되었다.둘째, 가족, 동료, 학교, 지역사회, 의료집단, 대중매체 사회화 주관자와 생활체육 참여 간의 연구 가설은 지지되었다.셋째, 장애특성과 생활체육 참여 간의 연구가설은 지지되었다. The principal purpose of this study is to analyze closely the causal effects among socializing agents, handicapped traits and participation of the physically handicapped in mass sports.For this purpose the research was administered to 368 male and female adults dwelling in both Kyeonggi Province and Seoul. Data were collected through samples by means of cluster sampling method.The questionnaire for data collection of this study was based on those used in domestic previous studies of Kim ggi-young(1997), Kim Jeong Sun’s(1987), Lee Jeong Young’s(1989, 1991), Park Young Kwan’s(1992), Bang Jee Sun’s(1992), Lee Jae Hong’s(1993), Lim Burn Jang(1995), McPerson’s(1972), and Greendorfer’s(1974), and used them after examing the verification of validity and reliability through pilot test.The methods of Statistics used to analyze the collected datas were structural equation modeling analysis.The following is conlusions brought through these analyzing methods and process in this study.1. There was supported partialy by hypothesis 1-1, 2-1 of the relationship among family socializing agents, handicapped traits and participation of the physically handicapped in Mass Sports.2. There was supported by hypothesis 1-2, 2-2 of the relationship among peer socializing agents, handicapped traits and participation of the physically handicapped in Mass Sports.3. There was supported by hypothesis 1-3, 2-3 of the relationship among school socializing agents, handicapped traits and participation of the physically handicapped in Mass Sports.4. There was not supported by hypothesis 1-4, 2-4 of the relationship among community socializing agents, handicapped traits and participation of the physically handicapped in Mass Sports.5. There was supported partialy by hypothesis 1-5, 2-5 of the relationship among medical group socializing agents, handicapped traits and participation of the physically handicapped in Mass Sports.6. There was supported by hypothesis 1-6, 2-6 of the relationship among mass communication socializing agents, handicapped traits and participation of the physically handicapped in Mass Sports.

정신분열병 환자들의 自己灣入에 관한 예비 연구

박성봉,김영미,전성일,이기철,김영훈,정영조,이영렬,이정호,최영민 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.6

목 적 : 정 신분열병 환자의 자기만입 정도에 영향을 미치는 인구학적 변인들 및 질병연관 변인들을 규명해 보고자 하였다. 또한. 환자들의 자기만입과 병식 사이의 연관성. 자기만입과 자존심 사이의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 정신과 의사가 병록지와 면담을 통하여 대상 정신분열병 환자들의 인구학적 변인들 및 질병연관 변인들에 관한 자료를 얻고 환자들의 병식 정도를 평가한 후, 환자들로 하여금 자기보고형의 자기만입 척도와 자존심 척도를 시행하게 하였다. 총 111명의 환자가 연구대상으로 선택되었다. 결과: . 1) 여자가 남자보다 유의하게 높은 자기만입 척도 점수를 나타내었다 2) 질병연관 변인들 중 하위집단 사이에 자기만입 척도 점수의 유의한 차이를 보이는 변은 없었다. 3) 자기만입 척도 점수와 병식 점수 사이에 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 4) 자기만입 척도 점수와 자존심 척도 점수 사이에 유의한 역상관 관계를 보였다. 결 론 : 본 예비 연구의 결과로 보아 정신분열 병 환자의 병식이 부족한 상태에서도 자기만입이 진행될 수 있으며. 자기만입이 심할수록 환자의 자존심이 저하되는 것으로 생각된다. 또한 여자 환자들이 남자 환자들보다 자기만입에 더 취약한 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 정신분열 병 환자의 이해와 치료를 위하여 자기만입에 관한 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. objective : This study was conducted to identify demographic variables and illness related variables which may affect the severity of self-engulfment in the patients with schizophrenia. We also studied the relationship between self-engulfment and insight, and the relationship between self-engulfment and self-esteem. Methods : Data on demographic variables and illness related variables for the subjects were gathered from hospital records and clinical interviews by the psychiatrists. Degree of insight for the subjects was assessed through clinical interviews by the psychiatrists. Degree of self-engulfment and self-esteem for the subjects was assessed from the self-engulfment scale and the self-esteem scale respectively. A total of 111 patients with schizophrenia were selected for statistical analysis. Results 1) The females exhibited significantly higher scores than the males on the self-engulfment scale. 2) There was no illness related variable, which exhibited a significant difference among subgroups on the self-engulfment scale. 3) There was no significant correlation between the self-engulfment scores and the insight 4) There was a significantly inverse correlation between the self-engulfment scores and the self-esteem scores. Conclusion : The results of this preliminary study suggest that self-engulfment may develop despite lack of insight and that there was inverse relationship between self-engulfment and self-esteem in the patients with schizophrenia. It also suggests that females are more subject to self-engulfment than males. So, authors suggest that it is valuable to do further studies of self-engulfment in the patients with schizophrenia.

노인 게이트볼 동호회와 Goffman의 상호작용 의례

박선영(Park, Seon-Young),임수원(Lim, Soo-Woen),이혁기(Lee, Hyuck-Gi) 한국사회체육학회 2015 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.62

The purpose of this research is to investigate ritual order and the self-image of elderly gate ball club which is based on the interaction ritual point of view suggested in depth by Goffman. The case study, was adopted to research it. 10 study participants have been selected in the “K gate ball club” who were living in D-city using the purposeful sampling which is one of the nonprobability sampling methods. Collection of research was carried out through partícipant observátion, interview and related data collection. Analysis of text have carried into effect with the collected data. Here are some of the details. First, The ritual order that appears to the elderly gate ball club can be understood as physical order, structural order and emotional order. First of all, physical order in the club is shown to the fee payment and possessing equipment. A structural order appears to order of the flag bearer, order of athletic performance by their own ability and the position in the game. Emotional order was separated by long-term resources related to former job before a retirement and mutual respect for each other. This official or implicit ritual order was being reproduced through mutual respect among the club members. Second, The complex self image of the club member reformed by this can be followed as self image of ‘learning’ : I can do it., self image of ‘the youth’ : I am still young., ‘self-reliant’ image : I am a self-reliant person., and self image of ‘independence’.