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AFM Imaging Analysis of Alopecia Areata by Edge Detection
( Gi Ja Lee ),( Hwi Jun Kim ),( Yun Hye Eo ),( Sam Jin Choi ),( Ki Heon Jeong ),( Bark Lynn Lew ),( Woo Young Sim ),( Mu Hyoung Lee ),( Berm Seok Oh ),( Hun Kuk Park ) 한국조직공학·재생의학회 2009 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.6 No.1
Alopecia areata(AA) is a common type of autoimmune disorder that produced sudden patch-like hair loss. Owing to the dysfunction of keratogenous zone in affected hair at early anagen, hair shaft with AA had abnormal structure or total disintegration. Typically, it showed characteristic(or unique) broken hair shafts on the hair-less patch. Few techniques were introduced to investigate hair surface. Recently, atomic force microscopy(AFM) became an ideal method for non-invasive examination of hair surface. When the cortical keratinocytes were affected in AA, the topographic changes of hair cuticles could be examined by AFM in nanoscale. In this experiment, we compared the AFM images of hair surface and extracted parameters from the cuticle between control group and patient group with AA(n=12, each). Data demonstrated that the shaft surface of AA patient`s hair was more damaged than that of normal group. Various types of damage such as crack of scale, longitudinal striation, endocuticular ghost and debris were observed on hair cuticles with AA. In order to find cuticle parameters, we performed the edge detection of cuticle with canny mask. The curvature was defined as a secondary differentiation with the x and y coordinates of cuticle edge on AFM images to compare the cuticle edge between two groups. As a result, the cuticle scale parameters showed frequent changes in AA patient groups. In particular, top distance and step height of cuticle in AA group were lower than those of control group and the curvature of cuticle edge in AA patient group was higher than those of healthy one. In conclusion, the cortical keratinocytes might affect the pathogenesis of AA. This is the first comparison study about hair shaft surfaces over the whole lengths between AA and healthy group, to our knowledge.
Gi-Young Ha,Sung-Hyun Yang,Hye-Jin Kang,Hyo-Lak Lee,Jin Kim,Yun-Ju Kim,Hang-Jong Yu,Jong-Inn Lee,Sung-Ho Jin 대한종양외과학회 2020 Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology Vol.16 No.2
Purpose: Currently, trastuzumab plus chemotherapy is the standard first-line therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive advanced or metastatic gastric cancer (mGC) or esophagogastric junction cancer. However, it is not clear whether the prognosis of HER2-positive mGC treated with trastuzumab plus chemotherapy is better than that of HER2-negative mGC treated with chemotherapy as the first-line therapy. Methods: We performed a retrospective study comparing the prognosis of mGC according to first-line treatment with trastuzumab plus chemotherapy or chemotherapy only, at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital from 2011 to 2018. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model were used for univariate and multivariate survival analyses. Results: The median overall survival of trastuzumab group was 26.1 months and that of chemotherapy group was 14.8 months (P=0.047). Trastuzumab group had a longer median progression-free survival than chemotherapy group (23.4 vs. 9.2 months, P=0.026). By univariate analysis, sex, age, World Health Organization (WHO) histology, HER2 status, primary tumor site, extent of disease, number of lesions, number of metastatic, measurability of disease, prior gastrectomy, and chemotherapy group are statistically significant. Using multivariate analysis, number of lesions, number of metastatic, prior gastrectomy, and trastuzumab group (hazard ratio, 0.594; 95% confidence interval, 0.384–0.921; P=0.020) were found to be independent prognostic factors of overall survival. Conclusion: The result suggests prognosis of HER2-positive mGC treated by trastuzumab plus chemotherapy could be better than that of HER2-negative mGC treated by chemotherapy only. Well-designed prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm the results of this study. HER2 testing should be performed routinely in all patients newly diagnosed with mGC.
Quercetin prevents adipogenesis by regulation of transcriptional factors and lipases in OP9 cells
YUN-SOO, SEO,OK-HWA, KANG,SUNG-BAE, KIM,SU-HYUN, MUN,DA-HYE, KANG,DA-WUN, YANG,JANG-GI, CHOI,YOUNG-MI, LEE,DAE-KIL, KANG,HO-SEOG, LEE,DONG-YEUL, KWON UNKNOWN 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.35 No.6
<P>With the industrialization of society, the increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic disorders has become an important health concern in a number of countries. Quercetin (3,30,40,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) is well known as a bioactive flavonoid in a variety of biological resources. The aim of the present study was to explore the machanisms responsible for the anti-adipogenic activity of quercetin and its effects on the lipolysis in OP9 mouse stromal cells which rapidly differentiate into adipocytes. The differentiation of OP9 cells into adipocytes was evaluated by the measurement of lipid accumulation by Oil Red O (ORO) staining; lipid accumulation was significantly impaired by treatment with quercetin. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis were used to measure the expression levels of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). The mRNA expression levels of lipases, such as adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were also measured by RT-PCR. Quercetin significantly decreased the expression of transcription factors, including C/EBPα, PPARγ and SREBP-1c both at the protein and mRNA level. The results from the present study demonstrate that quercetin prevents adipogenesis by upregulating ATGL and HSL expression and downregulating FAS, LPL and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2) expression, as well as the expression of transcription factors. Our data suggest that quercetin has therapeutic potential by regulating the expression of transcriptional factors and enzymes associated with adipogenesis.</P>
Gi Ja Lee,Seok Keun Choi,Yun Hye Eo,Sung Wook Kang,Samjin Choi,Jeong Hoon Park,Ji Eun Lim,Kyung Won Hong,Hyun Seok Jin,Berm Seok Oh,Hun Kuk Park 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2009 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.13 No.1
During operations, neurosurgeons usually perform multiple temporary occlusions of parental artery, possibly resulting in the neuronal damage. It is generally thought that neuronal damage by cerebral ischemia is associated with extracellular concentrations of the excitatory amino acids. In this study, we measured the dynamics of extracellular glutamate release in 11 vessel occlusion (VO) model to compare between single occlusion and repeated transient occlusions within short interval. Changes in cerebral blood flow were monitored by laser-Doppler flowmetry simultaneously with cortical glutamate level measured by amperometric biosensor. From real time monitoring of glutamate release in 11 VO model, the change of extracellular glutamate level in repeated transient occlusion group was smaller than that of single occlusion group, and the onset time of glutamate release in the second ischemic episode of repeated occlusion group was delayed compared to the first ischemic episode which was similar to that of single 10 min ischemic episode. These results suggested that repeated transient occlusion induces less glutamate release from neuronal cell than single occlusion, and the delayed onset time of glutamate release is attributed to endogeneous protective mechanism of ischemic tolerance.
Discarded Egg Yolk as an Alternate Source of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyhexanoate)
( Yun-gi Hong ),( Yu-mi Moon ),( Ju-won Hong ),( Tae-rim Choi ),( Hye-rim Jung ),( Soo-yeon Yang ),( Dae-won Jang ),( Ye-rim Park ),( Christopher J. Brigham ),( Jae-seok Kim ),( Yoo-kyung Lee ),( Yung 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.3
Many poultry eggs are discarded worldwide because of infection (i.e., avian flu) or presence of high levels of pesticides. The possibility of adopting egg yolk as a source material to produce polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolymer was examined in this study. Cupriavidus necator Re2133/pCB81 was used for the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) or poly(3HHx), a polymer that would normally require long-chain fatty acids as carbon feedstocks for the incorporation of 3HHx monomers. The optimal medium contained 5% egg yolk oil and ammonium nitrate as a nitrogen source, with a carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio of 20. Time course monitoring using the optimized medium was conducted for 5 days. Biomass production was 13.1 g/l, with 43.7% co-polymer content. Comparison with other studies using plant oils and the current study using egg yolk oil revealed similar polymer yields. Thus, discarded egg yolks could be a potential source of PHA.
Investigation of InAs/InGaAs/InP Heterojunction Tunneling Field-Effect Transistors
Hye Rim Eun,Sung Yun Woo,Hwan Gi Lee,Young Jun Yoon,Jae Hwa Seo,Jung-Hee Lee,Jungjoon Kim,In Man Kang 대한전기학회 2014 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.9 No.5
Tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) are very applicable to low standby-power application by their virtues of low off-current (Ioff) and small subthreshold swing (S). However, low on-current (Ion) of silicon-based TFETs has been pointed out as a drawback. To improve Ion of TFET, a gate-all-around (GAA) TFET based on III-V compound semiconductor with InAs/InGaAs/InP multiple-heterojunction structure is proposed and investigated. Its performances have been evaluated with the gallium (Ga) composition (x) for In1-xGaxAs in the channel region. According to the simulation results for Ion, Ioff, S, and on/off current ratio (Ion/Ioff), the device adopting In0.53Ga0.47As channel showed the optimum direct-current (DC) performance, as a result of controlling the Ga fraction. By introducing an n-type InGaAs thin layer near the source end, improved DC characteristics and radio-frequency (RF) performances were obtained due to boosted band-to-band (BTB) tunneling efficiency.