Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Bridge between Functional Organic Dichotomy

( Uday C. Ghoshal ),( Ratnakar Shukla ),( Ujjala Ghoshal ) 대한소화기학회 2017 Gut and Liver Vol.11 No.2

The pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), once thought to be largely psychogenic in origin, is now understood to be multifactorial. One of the reasons for this paradigm shift is the realization that gut dysbiosis, including small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), causes IBS symptoms. Between 4% and 78% of patients with IBS and 1% and 40% of controls have SIBO; such wide variations in prevalence might result from population differences, IBS diagnostic criteria, and, most importantly, methods to diagnose SIBO. Although quantitative jejunal aspirate culture is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of SIBO, noninvasive hydrogen breath tests have been popular. Although the glucose hydrogen breath test is highly specific, its sensitivity is low; in contrast, the early-peak criteria in the lactulose hydrogen breath test are highly nonspecific. Female gender, older age, diarrhea-predominant IBS, bloating and flatulence, proton pump inhibitor and narcotic intake, and low hemoglobin are associated with SIBO among IBS patients. Several therapeutic trials targeting gut microbes using antibiotics and probiotics have further demonstrated that not all symptoms in patients with IBS originate in the brain but rather in the gut, providing support for the micro-organic basis of IBS. A recent proof-of-concept study showing the high frequency of symptom improvement in patients with IBS with SIBO further supports this hypothesis.(Gut Liver 2017;11:196-208)

Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Particularly the Constipation-Predominant Form, Involves an Increase in Methanobrevibacter smithii , Which Is Associated with Higher Methane Production

( Uday C Ghoshal ),( Deepakshi Srivastava ),( Ujjala Ghoshal ),( Ratnakar Shukla ) 대한소화기학회 2016 Gut and Liver Vol.10 No.6

Background/Aims: Because Methanobrevibacter smithii produces methane, delaying gut transit, we evaluated M. smithii loads in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and healthy controls (HC). Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for M. smithii was performed on the feces of 47 IBS patients (Rome III) and 30 HC. On the lactulose hydrogen breath test (LHBT, done for 25 IBS patients), a fasting methane result ≥10 ppm using 10 g of lactulose defined methane-producers. Results: Of 47, 20 had constipation (IBS-C), 20 had diarrhea (IBS-D) and seven were not sub-typed. The M. smithii copy number was higher among IBS patients than HC (Log₁₀5.4, interquartile range [IQR; 3.2 to 6.3] vs 1.9 [0.0 to 3.4], p<0.001), particularly among IBSC compared to IBS-D patients (Log₁₀6.1 [5.5 to 6.6] vs 3.4 [0.6 to 5.7], p=0.001); the copy number negatively correlated with the stool frequency (R=-0.420, p=0.003). The M. smithii copy number was higher among methane-producers than nonproducers (Log106.4, IQR [5.7 to 7.4] vs 4.1 [1.8 to 5.8], p=0.001). Using a receiver operating characteristic curve, the best cutoff for M. smithii among methane producers was Log₁₀6.0 (sensitivity, 64%; specificity, 86%; area under curve [AUC], 0.896). The AUC for breath methane correlated with the M. smithii copy number among methane producers (r=0.74, p=0.008). Abdominal bloating was more common among methane producers (n=9/11 [82%] vs 5/14 [36%], p=0.021). Conclusions: Patients with IBS, particularly IBSC, had higher copy numbers of M. smithii than HC. On LHBT, breath methane levels correlated with M. smithii loads. (Gut Liver 2016;10:932-938)

Trade performance of India & China in MSME (Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises) Sector: A Case Study

Ghoshal, Moloy Kyung Hee University Management Research Institute 2018 Asia pacific journal of business review Vol.2 No.2

Globalization is swapping the every possible corner of the globe steadily yet gradually. Mammoth like companies are penetrating the threshold of potential nations as freelancers and exploiting every inch of feasibility to carry out commercial activities. Undoubtedly, the entire world is experiencing the glare of new horizon. Even laggards nations are also turning out to be a country of immense potential and dynamism. They too, have awakened miserably to comprehend their self worth and entity while bearing the torch of Globalization. The shed of globalization have not only sprinkled capitalistic or mercantilist but even countries like China - once a hardcore communist country is also not remaining untouched with it. Albeit, the Dragon responding affirmatively to the hot current of Globalization yet their way is un-orthodoxical, strange and inventive. This case study discussed on major areas where India, the largest democracy in the world and six largest economy in the world are facing steep competition from China.

High Temperature Sensors for Propulsion Systems

Ghoshal, Anindya Computational Structural Engineering Institute of 2009 전산구조공학 Vol.22 No.3

Postinfection Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Ghoshal Uday C 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2022 Gut and Liver Vol.16 No.3

Following acute gastroenteritis (AGE) due to bacteria, viruses, or protozoa, a subset of patients develop new onset Rome criteria positive irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), called postinfection IBS (PI-IBS). The pooled prevalence of PI-IBS following AGE was 11.5%. PI-IBS is the best natural model that suggests that a subset of patients with IBS may have an organic basis. Several factors are associated with a greater risk of development of PI-IBS following AGE including female sex, younger age, smoking, severity of AGE, abdominal pain, bleeding per rectum, treatment with antibiotics, anxiety, depression, somatization, neuroticism, recent adverse life events, hypochondriasis, extroversion, negative illness beliefs, history of stress, sleep disturbance, and family history of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), currently called disorder of gut-brain interaction. Most patients with PI-IBS present with either diarrhea-predominant IBS or the mixed subtype of IBS, and overlap with other FGIDs, such as functional dyspepsia is common. The drugs used to treat non-constipation IBS may also be useful in PI-IBS treatment. Since randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of drugs to treat PI-IBS are rare, more studies are needed on this issue.

FIXED POINT THEORY IN SEMI-METRIC SPACE

Ghoshal, Sudhanshu K.,Chatterjee, Madan Department of Mathematics 1977 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.17 No.2

A STUDY ON CONSUMER'S READINESS TOWARDS ADOPTION OF LED LIGHT IN INDIA

Ghoshal, Moloy Kyung Hee University Management Research Institute 2018 Asia pacific journal of business review Vol.2 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to find out the factors responsible for purchase of LED (light-emitting-diodes) bulbs & tubes among Indian consumers and how much they are ready to replace their existing lighting system with LED fittings. A multiple regression model has been employed to investigate the factors affecting the buying decision of LED lamps in place of CFL and incandescent lamps. Eleven motives for adopting LED lamps has been identified viz. price, quality, energy saving, durability, brand, promotion, CSR, & environmental consciousness. In addition the effect of demographic variables like gender, age, household income on the purchasing decision of LED has also been examined. A total 150 respondents were contacted visiting different outlet of electrical shops of Northern Delhi. The study may helpful for the companies to decide their marketing strategies to promote LED Lamps among the consumers with an aim to save energy and save environment.

Epidemiology of Uninvestigated and Functional Dyspepsia in Asia: Facts and Fiction

( Uday C Ghoshal ),( Rajan Singh ),( Full Young Chang ),( Xiao Hua Hou ),( Benjamin Chun Yu Wong ),( Udom Kachintorn ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2011 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.17 No.3

Dyspepsia is a syndrome consisting of epigastric pain, burning, fullness, discomfort, early satiety, nausea, vomiting and belching. Functional dyspepsia (FD) is diagnosed if upper gastrointestinal endoscopy does not show structural abnormality explaining these symptoms. 8%-30% and 8%-23% of Asian people suffer from of uninvestigated dyspepsia and FD, respectively. Most patients with uninvestigated dyspepsia are found to have FD. Patients with FD are usually young and there is no predilection to any gender. Overlap of FD with other functional bowel diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome and gastro-esophageal reflux disease is common in Asia. Cultural difference in reporting of symptoms of dyspepsia is well-known. Moreover, dietary factors, socio-cultural and psychological issues, gastrointestinal infection including that caused by Helicobacter pylori, frequency of organic diseases such as peptic ulcer and gastric cancer responsible for dyspeptic symptoms in the study population may also influence epidemiology of dyspepsia. There is considerable heterogeneity in the above issues among different Asian countries. More studies on epidemiology of FD are needed in Asia.

Cloning of a cDNA for a T Cell Produce Molecule with a Putative Immune Regulatory Role

이정길, Kalpana Ghoshal, Kenneth D. Beaman 충북대학교 약품자원개발연구소 1990 약학논문집 Vol.5 No.-

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Investigation of Optical Effects in Silicon Quantum Dots by Using an Empirical Pseudopotential Method

S. K. Ghoshal,M. S. Rohani,M. R. Sahar 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.58 No.2

A computer simulation using a pseudopotential approach has been carried out to investigate the band gap as a function of the size and the shape of small silicon (Si) dots having 3 to 44 atoms per dot with and without surface passivation. We used an empirical pseudo-potential Hamiltonian, a plane-wave basis expansion and a basic tetrahedral structure with undistorted local bonding configurations. In our simulation, the structures of the quantum dots were relaxed and optimized before and after passivation. We found that the gap increased more for an oxygenated surface than a hydrogenated one. Thus, both quantum confinement and surface passivation determined the optical and the electronic properties of Si quantum dots. Visible luminescence was probably due to radiative recombination of electrons and holes in the quantum-confined nanostructures. The effect of passivation of the surface dangling bonds by hydrogen and oxygen atoms and the role of surface states on the gap energy was also examined. We investigated the entire energy spectrum starting from the very low-lying ground state to the very high-lying excited states. The results for the sizes of the gap, the density of states, the oscillator strength and the absorption coefficient as functions of the size are presented. The importance of the confinement and the role of surface passivation on the optical effects are also discussed.