Impact of socio-demographic factors, lifestyle and health status on nutritional status among the elderly in Taiwan

Ghislain G. Poda,Chien-Yeh Hsu,Hsiao-Hsien Rau,Jane C.-J. Chao 한국영양학회 2019 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.13 No.3

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Aging is an imperative problem for many countries in this century, and presents several challenges for the maintenance of good nutritional status. This study aims to assess the impact of socio-demographic factors, lifestyle and health status on the nutritional status among the elderly in Taiwan. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Taiwan. Data were obtained from the Mei Jau Health Management Institution, which is a private health evaluation provider with multiple health screening centers in Taiwan and Asia. This study included 7947 adults aged 65 years or above. The data were extracted between 2001 to 2010. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric data, biochemical data and dietary intake information. RESULTS: Among the 7947 participants with mean age of 70.1 (SD = 4.5) years, 20.2%, 6.6%, 10.5% and 52.5% experienced underweight, protein malnutrition, anemia and inadequate dietary intake in the past month, respectively. Age was negatively correlated with body weight (r = -0.19, P = 0.02), body mass index (r = -0.41, P < 0.001), albumin level (r = -0.93, P < 0.001) and hemoglobin level (r = -0.30, P = 0.008). Age above 70 years, gender, unmarried status, retirement, lack of education, low family income, smoking, alcohol drinking, sleep duration of 6-8 hours, vegetarian diet, multiple medications, comorbidity and dysphagia were positively associated with malnutrition in older adults. CONCLUSIONS: Underweight and inadequate dietary intake are prevalent among the elderly in Taiwan. Vegetarian diet, multiple medications, comorbidity, dysphagia and lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol drinking and sleep duration of 6-8 hours are risk factors for undernutrition in older adults.

Role of Gangliosides in the Differentiation of Mini-pig Bone Marrow- and Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Osteoblasts

Ghislain Moussavou,Dong Hoon Kwak,Ju Hyoung Lee,Sung-Youn Heo,Ji-Su Kim,Kyu-Tae Chang,Young-Kug Choo 한국당과학회 2015 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.02

Baculovirus titration method based on MOI values for optimizing recombinant protein expression of the anti‐cancer vaccine candidate GA733‐Fc using Sf9 insect cells

Ghislain Moussavou,이정환,LuQIAO,노유훈,신용규,이태진,이승호,고기성 한국곤충학회 2018 Entomological Research Vol.48 No.1

The baculovirus expression system has been considered as a highly efficient tool for the production of recombinant biopharmaceutical proteins. The recombinant antigenic glycoprotein GA733 is a cell surface protein that is strongly expressed in human colorectal cancer. Efficient virus titration should be established to achieve optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) conditions, which are in turn essential for strong expression of the recombinant GA733 fused to the human immunoglobulin IgG Fc fragment (GA733‐Fc) in the baculovirus‐insect system. In the present study, the Sf9 cell line was transfected with plasmid DNA containing the GA733‐Fc expression cassette under the control of the baculovirus polyhedron promoter. MOI values (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 3) were calculated based on both microscope observations and results of titration assay and then used to determine the optimum recombinant expression and harvested sample [cell culture media (CM) or cell lysate (CL)]. The pFastBac dual vector carrying the GA733‐Fc gene was constructed to express GA733‐Fc and used to generate recombinant baculoviruses. Western blotting results showed that recombinant protein expression was dependent on the MOI. In addition, CM and CL showed significant differences in protein synthesis and protein secretion capacities. Our findings suggested that our proposed titration method can be used for reliable calculation of MOI values, which significantly influence recombinant GA733‐Fc protein expression in the baculovirus‐insect cell system.

Contributed Mini Review : Role of gangliosides in the differentiation of human mesenchymal-derived stem cells into osteoblasts and neuronal cells

( Ghislain Moussavou ),( Dong Hoon Kwak ),( Malg Um Lim ),( Ji Su Kim ),( Sun Uk Kim ),( Kyu Tae Chang ),( Young Kug Choo ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2013 BMB Reports Vol.46 No.11

Gangliosides are complex glycosphingolipids that are the major component of cytoplasmic cell membranes, and play a role in the control of biological processes. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have received considerable attention as alternative sources of adult stem cells because of their potential to differentiate into multiple cell lineages. In this study, we focus on various functional roles of gangliosides in the differentiation of hMSCs into osteoblasts or neuronal cells. A relationship between gangliosides and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation during osteoblastic differentiation of hMSCs was observed, and the gangliosides may play a major role in the regulation of the differentiation. The roles of gangliosides in osteoblast differentiation are dependent on the origin of hMSCs. The reduction of ganglioside biosynthesis inhibited the neuronal differentiation of hMSCs during an early stage of the differentiation process, and the ganglioside expression can be used as a marker for the identification of neuronal differentiation from hMSCs. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(11): 527-532]

Anti-cancer Effects of Multiple Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbPC×B) using Solanaceae

Ghislain Moussavou,Sung-Youn Heo,Malg-Um Lim,Mi-Ran Hwang,Kyung-A Hwang,Kisung Ko,Young-Kug Choo 한국당과학회 2013 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.1

The human colorectal carcinoma-associated GA733 antigen epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) was initially described as a cell surface protein selectively expressed in some myeloid cancers. The glycoprotein was originally defined by anti-GA733, anti-CO17-1A, and anti-EpCAM mAbs, which bind to different epitopes on this antigen. We demonstrated that treatment with plant-derived multiple antibodies (mAbPC×B; anti-colorectal cancer mAb, mAbp CO17-1A and anti-breast cancer mAb, BR 55 mAb) with RAW264.7 cells significantly inhibited cell growth in SW 620 and MCF 7 cells. Expression of p53 and p21 increased, whereas the expression of G1 phase-related proteins, cyclin D1, CDK4, cyclin E and CDK, decreased. In addition, plant-derived multiple antibodies with RAW264.7 cells treatment decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2, but the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, TNF-a, caspase-8, caspase-9, caspase and caspase-6 increased. We observed that plant-derived multiple antibodies significantly inhibited the growth of colon tumors, as determined by a decrease in tumor volume and weight. These results suggest that plant-derived multiple monoclonal antibodies could have an anti-cancer effect for colorectal and breast cancer. Further clinical investigation should be conducted on plant-derived multiple monoclonal antibodies to determine its possible chemopreventive and/or therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of human colon and breast cancer.

Impact of socio-demographic factors, lifestyle and health status on nutritional status among the elderly in Taiwan

Poda, Ghislain G.,Hsu, Chien-Yeh,Rau, Hsiao-Hsien,Chao, Jane C.J. The Korean Nutrition Society 2019 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.13 No.3

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Aging is an imperative problem for many countries in this century, and presents several challenges for the maintenance of good nutritional status. This study aims to assess the impact of socio-demographic factors, lifestyle and health status on the nutritional status among the elderly in Taiwan. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Taiwan. Data were obtained from the Mei Jau Health Management Institution, which is a private health evaluation provider with multiple health screening centers in Taiwan and Asia. This study included 7947 adults aged 65 years or above. The data were extracted between 2001 to 2010. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric data, biochemical data and dietary intake information. RESULTS: Among the 7947 participants with mean age of 70.1 (SD = 4.5) years, 20.2%, 6.6%, 10.5% and 52.5% experienced underweight, protein malnutrition, anemia and inadequate dietary intake in the past month, respectively. Age was negatively correlated with body weight (r = -0.19, P = 0.02), body mass index (r = -0.41, P < 0.001), albumin level (r = -0.93, P < 0.001) and hemoglobin level (r = -0.30, P = 0.008). Age above 70 years, gender, unmarried status, retirement, lack of education, low family income, smoking, alcohol drinking, sleep duration of 6-8 hours, vegetarian diet, multiple medications, comorbidity and dysphagia were positively associated with malnutrition in older adults. CONCLUSIONS: Underweight and inadequate dietary intake are prevalent among the elderly in Taiwan. Vegetarian diet, multiple medications, comorbidity, dysphagia and lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol drinking and sleep duration of 6-8 hours are risk factors for undernutrition in older adults.

Production of Monoclonal Antibodies in Plants for Cancer Immunotherapy

Moussavou, Ghislain,Ko, Kisung,Lee, Jeong-Hwan,Choo, Young-Kug Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 BioMed research international Vol.2015 No.-

<P>Plants are considered as an alternative platform for recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) production due to the improvement and diversification of transgenic techniques. The diversity of plant species offers a multitude of possibilities for the valorization of genetic resources. Moreover, plants can be propagated indefinitely, providing cheap biomass production on a large scale in controlled conditions. Thus, recent studies have shown the successful development of plant systems for the production of mAbs for cancer immunotherapy. However, their several limitations have to be resolved for efficient antibody production in plants.</P>

Psychological profiles of irritable bowel syndrome patients with different phenotypes

( Michel Bouchoucha ),( Ghislain Devroede ),( Noëlle Girault-lidvan ),( Maria Hejnar ),( Florence Mary ),( Robert Benamouzig ) 대한장연구학회 2020 Intestinal Research Vol.18 No.4

Background/Aims: Abnormal psychological profiles are frequently found in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). The present study aimed to evaluate the psychological profiles of FGID patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and IBS phenotypes. Methods: In 608 FGID patients, including 235 with IBS, have filled a Rome III questionnaire and the French version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2. Data analysis was performed using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. Results: This study shows that IBS patients have abnormal psychological profiles with more significant symptom exaggeration and decreased test defensiveness than non-IBS patients. They have a significantly higher score for all clinical scales. Logistic regression analysis showed in IBS patients a decrease of body mass index (P=0.002), and test defensiveness score K (P=0.001) and an increase of Hypochondriasis (P<0.001) and Masculinity-Femininity scale (P=0.018). By comparison with non-IBS patients, IBS-constipation, IBS-diarrhea, and mixed IBS patients have increased Hypochondriasis value and Depression score, mixed IBS patients have higher Psychasthenia score and higher Hypomania score. No item was significantly different in the IBS-unspecified group. Conclusions: This study shows that IBS patients have different psychological profiles than other FGID patients and that psychological characteristics are associated with IBS phenotypes except for patients with unsubtyped IBS. (Intest Res 2020;18:459-468)

Effect of gangliosides on LPS stimulation and nitric oxide release in porcine kidney cell line PK15

이주택,고기성,임맑음,Ghislain Moussavou,김지수,장규태,추영국 한국통합생물학회 2013 Animal cells and systems Vol.17 No.5

Gangliosides, which are glycosphingolipids containing sialic acid, play important regulatory roles in cell proliferation and adhesion, survival and immunosuppressive activity. In this study, we investigated whether gangliosides can affect cell viability in the porcine kidney (PK) cell line, PK15, when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). As the amount of LPS that PK15 cells were treated with was increased, the cell proliferation decreased, whereas nitric oxide (NO) production increased. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and immunofluorescence analyses showed that GM3 and GM2 ganglioside expression significantly decreased in LPS-stimulated PK15 compared to unstimulated PK15. UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (Ugcg), which catalyzes the initial step in the glycosphingolipid biosynthesis pathway, was knocked-down in PK15 by using short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Western blot and HPTLC analyses showed that the Ugcg protein expression decreased and the ganglioside expression decreased in the Ugcg-knockdown (UKD) PK15. There was a greater decrease in cell proliferation in LPS-stimulated UKD PK15 cells than in LPS-stimulated PK15 cells without the UKD. However, the increase in NO release was greater in LPS-stimulated UKD PK15 cells than in LPS-stimulated PK15 cells without the UKD. These findings suggest that gangliosides may interact with components of the inflammatory response pathway and, thus, are relevant for the design of future therapeutic strategies intended to prolong xenotransplantation.

Revisiting the Long-Run Relationship Between Inward/Outward FDI and Income Inequality: New Evidence from the OECD

Akyuz Mert,Gueye Ghislain Nono,Karul Cagin 한국국제경제학회 2023 International Economic Journal Vol.37 No.2

The relatively small panel cointegration literature on the dynam- ics between FDI and income inequality predominantly finds that FDI will reduce income inequality in the long-run in developed countries. However, we point out an important technical oversight in the literature. Not accounting for cross-section dependence in panel data methodologies may yield unreliable results. Expanding on the work of Herzer and Nunnenkamp [(2013). Inward and out- ward FDI and income inequality: Evidence from Europe. Review of World Economics, 149(2), 395–422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10290- 013-0148-3], who pioneered the use of panel cointegration in the European context, we obtain different results when we account for cross-section dependence and employ economic procedures robust to it. Using a panel containing 16 OECD countries (1979–2017), 2 income inequality measures, and 4 FDI measures, we begin by show- ing strong evidence for the existence of cross-section dependence. Then, using second-generation econometric procedures, we do not find any evidence for a cointegrating relationship between inward FDI and income inequality. We do find evidence that outward FDI is cointegrated with income inequality; however, contrary to the main results of the literature, we find that it widens the income gap in the long-run. Additionally, our results support the view that fiscal policy is an important tool to reduce income inequality.