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Geumhee Gwak,Kyeongmee Park,Eunah Shin,Sehwan Han,Ji-Young Kim,Hong-Yong Kim,김영덕,Hong Ju Kim,김기환,배병노,Keun Ho Yang,Hyun-Jin Cho,Sung-Jin Park 한국유방암학회 2011 Journal of breast cancer Vol.14 No.3
Purpose: Our study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of adjuvant cyclophosphamide/vinorelbine/5-fluorourail (CVF) chemotherapy as an alternative to cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/5-fluorouracil (CMF) chemotherapy for treating early breast cancer. Methods: One hundred and forty-nine patients were randomly assigned to CMF or CVF adjuvant chemotherapy for treating their early stage breast cancer between September 2000 and December 2007. The disease-free survival (DFS), the overall survival (OS), and the toxicity profiles of both groups were compared. Results: Sixty-seven patients underwent CMF chemotherapy whereas 82 patients underwent CVF chemotherapy. The DFS and OS were 88 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 76-101 months) and 94 months (95% CI, 83-104 months), respectively for the CMF group, and 97 months (95% CI, 93-101 months), and 101 months (95% CI, 98-104 months), respectively for the CVF group. However, those survival gains of the CVF group were not statistically significant (p-value=0.069 for the DFS and 0.99 for the OS). The CVF group showed a favorable toxicity profile in terms of the grade 3/4 hematologic toxicities as compared to that of the CMF group. Conclusion: Clinical outcome of CVF chemotherapy was comparable to CMF with a favorable toxicity profiles. However, it is difficult to conclude the feasibility of CVF regimen because of small number of studied patients.
Geumhee Gwak,Ji-Young Kim,Keongmee Park,Young Joo Shin,Hyun-Jin Cho,Sung-Jin Park,Geun Ho Yang,배병노,김기환,Sehwan Han 한국유방암학회 2011 Journal of breast cancer Vol.14 No.2
Purpose: This study was performed to compare the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of doxorubicin plus docetaxel neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) with doxorubicin plus vinorelbine NC. Methods: Fifty-three patients underwent 4 cycles of NC consisted of intravenous injection of doxorubicin (50 mg/m^2) plus docetaxel (75 mg/m^2) administered every 3 weeks (AD), while 49 patients underwent 4 cycles of NC consisted of intravenous injection of doxorubicin (50 mg/m^2) and vinorelbine (25 mg/m^2) administered every 3 weeks (AN). Response rate and treatment-related toxicities were analyzed by administered chemotherapeutics. Response to NC was also analyzed according to clinicobiological characteristics of the primary tumors. Results: Clinical response was observed in 66% with AN and 81.6% with AD chemother- apy. A complete pathologic response (pCR) was confirmed in 6 patients (11.3%) with AN and in 7 patients (14.3%) with AD after the surgery. Response rate was significantly higher in AD compared with AN (p=0.038), but there was no significant difference between the two group regard to pCR rate. Breast conserving surgery (BCS) was performed in 35.8% of AN group, whereas 20 patients (40.8%) of AD group underwent BCS. The patients with HER2-amplified tumor showed significantly increased response to both types of NC. Pathologic complete response was confirmed in 9 (39.1%) out of 23 HER2-amplified tumors, whereas only 4 (5.1%) of 79 HER2-nonamplified tumors showed pathologic complete response. Febrile neutropenia occurred in 22.6% of total 212 cycles in AN and 38.8% of total 196 cycles in AD. Grade 3/4 neutropenia was observed in 39.6% in AN and 43.9% in AD. Grade 3 mucositis was observed in 26.4% with AN and in 40.8% with AD. Conclusion: There was no significant increase of pCR by AD compared with AN. Long-term follow-up results of our study indicate that clinical outcome after NC was significantly associated with initial response to NC regardless of therapeutic regimens.
Geumhee Gwak,Hae Kyung Lee,Hee-Jung Kim,Si Youn Lee,박용래,Jong Won Lee,Seung Gi Kim,Ho Huh,신혁재,김제룡,안진석,Ju Hyuk Son,Il Gyun Lee,박우찬,김성용,Sehwan Han,이은숙 한국유방암학회 2012 Journal of breast cancer Vol.15 No.2
This survey was performed to analyze the usability of the third edition of the Korean breast cancer clinical practice guidelines (KBCCPG) in clinical practice. We made a questionnaire composed of 18 general and 82 specific questions regarding benign breast disease (B; 1 question); non-invasive disease (N; 12 questions); early-stage disease (E; 26 questions); advanced disease (A; 24 questions); and metastatic (M) breast cancer-related problems (19 questions). A total of 100 questionnaires, with a link to an online survey, were delivered via e-mail to over 700 members of the Korean Breast Cancer Society (KBCS), and associated academy members, over 20 days between 26th February and 16th May 2010. Out of 270 respondents who read the e-mail,96 answered the questionnaire. Participants included 87 surgical oncologists, 5 radiation oncologists, 2 oncoplastic surgeons, 1 pathologist, and 1 medical oncologist. The third KBCCPG were perceived as differing from the second guidelines in terms of the level of clinical evidence required before choosing a recommendation. For the progress of the KBCCPG, the guideline committee should try to reinforce all courses of guideline development with several elements including data from clinical trials of Korean breast cancer patients, securing a multidisciplinary approach, developing consistent and reasonable processes for each step of the revision of the guidelines, induction of liberal scientific and ethical discussion about all issues with all KBCS members. The cost-effectiveness of healthcare and the logical development of the KBCCPG would also be ensured. Timely updates of the clinical guidelines for breast cancer treatment are essential to facilitate optimal decision-making in daily practice, and to ensure adequate patient feedback.
The Traumatized Protagonist and Cross-cultural Contexts in Chang-rae Lee’s Native Speaker
( Geumhee Park ) 한국영어영문학회 2019 영어 영문학 Vol.65 No.2
The purpose of this study is to explore the ways in which socio-econo-political ideologies of both native and adoptive countries are traumatizing immigrants and how immigrants’ trauma is shared between generations. This has been done by examining such traumatic experiences represented in Chang-rae Lee’s Native Speaker, which features the melancholic and self-isolated protagonist Henry Park, by using Michelle Balaev’s theory of trauma as a disease that can be transmitted to others through narratives. The result of the analysis is that Henry’s father’s authoritativeness and economic-success-obsession, influenced by Korean Confucian careerism, are important factors causing Henry’s melancholy and self-isolation. Also, a diasporic life as a model minority in the United States is another predominant socio-political factor burdening Korean Americans and causing them to live a melancholic life, as observed in the career of John Kwang, who experiences a disaster after his prideful regression to a Confucian androcentric lifestyle and by being blind to the “big picture” of America despite his econo-political success. As revealed in the novel, Korean Americans’ focus on Confucian careerism and designation as a model minority are responsible for their familial and national trauma. This coss-cultural trauma eventually makes the successful acculturation of Korean Americans more difficult, aggravating their maladjustment. These findings may provide all immigrants, especially Korean Americans, with new momentum to identify the problems of econo-socio-political ideologies in both countries, and therefore escape the influence of such ideologies and enjoy a free and independent diasporic life.
박금희(Geumhee Park) 19세기영어권문학회 2010 19세기 영어권 문학 Vol.14 No.2
This article aims to examine Charles Dickens's attitude towards common people and find out what his real politics toward public was like. Dickens is usually known as a social critic or even a social reformer, but actually, he seems to be conservative politically. He himself announced he would write in common people's shoes, but he always considered mass stupid people and tried to educate or enlighten them through his novels. Especially, to Dickens, poor workers in cities were a kind of violent mob and people to threaten his existing social system. His negative attitude towards common people is reflected on his novels literally. Dickens, as a popular writer, uses a variety of parodic devices in an attempt to hide such a negative attitude in his novels. One of them is a parodic use of gossip including common people's ethical and political opinions. Accordingly, in this article, we made an observation about parodic uses of gossips hybridized in his novels, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, David Copperfield, Little Dorrit, and The Mystery of Edwin Drood in the point of view of M. M. Bakhtin who considered gossip as common views of mass. As Bakhtin mentioned, Dickens parodically used such gossips and succeeded in criticising both ruling and ruled classes at the same time. Nevertheless, by criticizing common people and neglecting their opinions consistently under the prejudice that common people are stupid and violent, he exposed his political conservatism about common people. Especially, in the narration of his last and unfinished novel, Edwin Drood Dickens's negative attitude towards common people appears to be much stronger more complicated with racialism after witnessing the violence of the colonized people through the Indian Mutiny Rebellion of 1857.
Kim Geumhee,Lee Jiho,양효주,이윤영,Yang Yoonyong,Choi Sungho,Hur Moonsuk,Lee Byounghee,조경숙 한국미생물·생명공학회 2022 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.50 No.4
본 연구에서는 토양, 담수 및 염수 퇴적물, 슬러지 등 8종의 접종원을 이용하여 배양인자(기질종류, 염농도, 배양온도)에 따른 바이오수소 생산 잠재능을 평가하고 최적조건을도출하고자 하였다. 각 접종원 별 바이오수소 생산속도는 배양온도와 접종원 종류에 의해 유의한 영향을 받았다. 반면기질종류와 염농도는 바이오수소 생산속도에 대체로 유의한영향을 끼치지 않았다. 고온(50°)보다 중온(37℃)의 배양 온도가 수소 생산에 더 적합하였으며, 8종의 접종원 중에서 중에서는 혐기소화슬러지의 수소 생산능이 가장 우수하였다. 혐기소화슬러지의 최대 수소 생산속도는 중온(37℃)과 고온(50℃)에서 각각 2,729.0 및 1,384.7 ml-H2·l-1·d-1였다.
PAO와 dPAO 입상슬러지의 형태학적 특성에 대한 비교 고찰
윤금회 ( Geumhee Yun ),윤주환 ( Zuwhan Yun ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2017 한국물환경학회지 Vol.33 No.3
The morphological characteristics of granules developing in anaerobic-anoxic (An-Ax) and anaerobic-aerobic (An-Ox) sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were examined. The granules developed in the both SBRs after 200 days of laboratory operation. The average diameters of the granules were 2.2 土 1.7 mm in the An-Ax SBR and 0.4 ± 0.3 mm in the An-Ox SBR. To determine the possible factors affecting morphology of granules a comparative analysis of various operating conditions from reference data indicated that the availability and type of electron acceptors is a key factor determining the granulation process and granular morphology.