MEASURING THE EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY-INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES ACROSS 23 EU COUNTRIES

Georgia Makridou,Kostas Andriosopoulos,Michael Doumpos,Constantin Zopounidis 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7

Energy demand is growing significantly in most countries and is expected to continue to expand—perhaps by 45% between now and 2030, and by more than 300% by the end of the century (Brown & Sovacool, 2012). Industry is generally the largest consumer of energy, currently consuming about 37% of the world’s total delivered energy, and the highest in energy-related CO2 emissions among the major sectors of energy use in an economy. Sadly enough, large amounts of energy consumed by industry are used inefficiently because of lack of awareness about proper energy management and weak energy policies and measures, among others. As a result, the industrial development across the world results in more energy use and leads to more concentration of greenhouse gases emissions. Hence, finding ways to increase energy efficiency in the industrial sector is highly important because the global climate and the region’s energy security depend on it. In this paper the efficiency trends of seven energy-intensive industries namely manufacturing, chemicals, electricity-gas and water supply, construction, mining and quarrying, machinery, and transport in 23 EU countries over the period 2000–2009 is analysed. The performance of the sectors is evaluated in terms of an input/output production framework described by capital stock, employment, total energy consumption, value added, and GHG emissions. On the methodological side, we use the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure the relative efficiency of each industrial sector. DEA is a popular nonparametric efficiency analysis technique with many applications energy efficiency assessment (Sarica & Ilhan, 2007; Mukherjee, 2008; Azadeh, Amalnic, Ghaderi, & Asadzadeh, 2007). Given the panel nature of the considered data set, the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) is used to assess the trends in energy efficiency over time and to distinguish between the effect of efficiency change and technical change. At the second stage of our analysis, we focus on the analysis of the relationship between the energy efficiency estimates and a set of explanatory factors related to the structural characteristics of considered sectors and the countries. For most sectors MPI has been higher than 1 in most years, thus indicating an improving trend. This trend appears to be stronger in chemicals, electricity, machinery, and mining. In fact, electricity and mining have improved steadily since 2003-04. On the other hand, construction and transport exhibit fluctuations, but in most cases their MPI has been lower than 1. The observed efficiency changes reflected in the MPI could be the result of changes in technical efficiency (efficiency change) and/or in the underlying production technology (technology change). It is evident that most sectors have been driven by technology change. Overall it is apparent that improvements due to efficiency change have been modest at best (e.g., no more than 5-10%), whereas improvements due to changes in the best practices (technology factor) have been significant in most of the sectors. This study’s results not only provide a general evaluation of the investigated industries, but also facilitate various interesting efficiency comparisons, with respect to factors that have the highest explanatory power. Taking into account the results of this study, policy makers could identify the main steps that should be followed to improve each industry’s energy efficiency. Furthermore, the significance of each step can be measured, leading to more informed decisions in terms of priorities given.

PCE : A Knowledge Base of Semantically Disambiguated Contents

Georgia Sanna,Antonello Angius,Giulio Concas,Dino Manca,Filippo Eros Pani 한국정보기술융합학회 2015 JoC Vol.6 No.2

With the Semantic Web people participate more actively in the building of information and take on an active role in enriching collaborative knowledge bases with user-generated contents. Moreover, new online resources have quickly gained impact on information management, such as the social bookmarking systems, which enable users to store, manage and share tagged Web content through folksonomies. These social tools allow users to associate free chosen keywords (tags) with Web content with the aim of providing an efficient navigation system through the heterogeneous amount of information available on the Web. However, the association of tags is totally arbitrary so that the use of synonyms, homonyms and new slang terms often hampers the Web information retrieval. Our project proposes the development of an innovative social bookmarking system based on a priori classification with semantic tags and structured categories extracted from online linguistic resources, which aims at disambiguating Web Content. According to this approach, each content will be described through two axes: a vertical one, concerning a hierarchical taxonomic classification and a horizontal one, dealing with a folksonomic classification. The final aim is to create a collaborative knowledge base of semantically disambiguated contents and to achieve more precise results in Web retrieval.

Magnetic and Mössbauer characterization of the magnetic properties of single-crystalline sub-micron sized Bi2Fe4O9 cubes

Georgia C. Papaefthymiou,Arthur J. Viescas,Jean-Marie Le Breton,Hubert Chiron,Jean Juraszek,Tae-Jin Park,Stanislaus S. Wong 한국물리학회 2015 Current Applied Physics Vol.15 No.3

Magnetic and Mössbauer characterization of single crystalline, sub-micron sized Bi2Fe4O9 cubes has been performed using SQUID magnetometry and transmission Mössbauer spectroscopy in the temperature range of 4.2 K ≤ T ≤ 300 K. A broad magnetic phase transition from the paramagnetic to the antiferromagnetic state is observed below 250 K, with the Mössbauer spectra exhibiting a superposition of magnetic, collapsed and quadrupolar spectra in the transition region of 200 K < T < 245 K. Room temperature Mössbauer spectra obtained in transmission geometry are identical to those recorded in back-scattering geometry via conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy, indicating the absence of strain at the surface. A small hysteresis loop is observed in SQUID measurements at 5 K, attributable to the presence of weak-ferromagnetism arising from the canting of Fe3+ ion sublattices in the antiferromagnetic matrix.

MEASURING THE EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY-INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES ACROSS 23 EU COUNTRIES

Georgia Makridou,Kostas Andriosopoulos,Michael Doumpos,Constantin Zopounidis 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.6

Energy demand is growing significantly in most countries and is expected to continue to expand-perhaps by 45% between now and 2030, and by more than 300% by the end of the century (Brown & Sovacool, 2012). Industry is generally the largest consumer of energy, currently consuming about 37% of the world’s total delivered energy, and the highest in energy-related CO2 emissions among the major sectors of energy use in an economy. Sadly enough, large amounts of energy consumed by industry are used inefficiently because of lack of awareness about proper energy management and weak energy policies and measures, among others. As a result, the industrial development across the world results in more energy use and leads to more concentration of greenhouse gases emissions. Hence, finding ways to increase energy efficiency in the industrial sector is highly important because the global climate and the region’s energy security depend on it. In this paper the efficiency trends of seven energy-intensive industries namely manufacturing, chemicals, electricity-gas and water supply, construction, mining and quarrying, machinery, and transport in 23 EU countries over the period 2000-2009 is analysed. The performance of the sectors is evaluated in terms of an input/output production framework described by capital stock, employment, total energy consumption, value added, and GHG emissions. On the methodological side, we use the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure the relative efficiency of each industrial sector. DEA is a popular nonparametric efficiency analysis technique with many applications energy efficiency assessment (Sarica & Ilhan, 2007; Mukherjee, 2008; Azadeh, Amalnic, Ghaderi, & Asadzadeh, 2007). Given the panel nature of the considered data set, the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) is used to assess the trends in energy efficiency over time and to distinguish between the effect of efficiency change and technical change. At the second stage of our analysis, we focus on the analysis of the relationship between the energy efficiency estimates and a set of explanatory factors related to the structural characteristics of considered sectors and the countries. For most sectors MPI has been higher than 1 in most years, thus indicating an improving trend. This trend appears to be stronger in chemicals, electricity, machinery, and mining. In fact, electricity and mining have improved steadily since 2003-04. On the other hand, construction and transport exhibit fluctuations, but in most cases their MPI has been lower than 1. The observed efficiency changes reflected in the MPI could be the result of changes in technical efficiency (efficiency change) and/or in the underlying production technology (technology change). It is evident that most sectors have been driven by technology change. Overall it is apparent that improvements due to efficiency change have been modest at best (e.g., no more than 5-10%), whereas improvements due to changes in the best practices (technology factor) have been significant in most of the sectors. This study’s results not only provide a general evaluation of the investigated industries, but also facilitate various interesting efficiency comparisons, with respect to factors that have the highest explanatory power. Taking into account the results of this study, policy makers could identify the main steps that should be followed to improve each industry’s energy efficiency. Furthermore, the significance of each step can be measured, leading to more informed decisions in terms of priorities given.

The role of fashion involvement, brand love and hedonic consumption tendency in fashion impulse purchasing

Georgia Liapati,Ioannis Assiouras,Jean-Marc Decaudin 한국마케팅과학회 2015 Journal of Global Fashion Marketing Vol.6 No.4

The purpose of this study is to explain the paths that lead to impulse purchasing of fashion products by investigating, for the very first time, the role of brand love in impulse purchasing. In this research, impulse purchasing is defined as the strong and unexpected desire to purchase a product without having pre-shopping intentions to buy it. A theoretical model of fashion-product impulse-buying was developed, by examining the associations between fashion involvement, brand love, hedonic consumption tendency, positive affect, fashion impulse tendency, shopping enjoyment, browsing, available budget and urge to impulse-buy a fashion product. The urge to impulse-buy a fashion product can be explained mainly by fashion involvement, which directly and indirectly influences several related variables, such as shopping enjoyment, browsing and fashion impulse tendency. On the other hand, brand love and hedonic consumption tendency increase the positive affect that consumers feel when visiting stores, which stimulates them to impulse-buy fashion products. Finally, the impulse purchase is influenced by urge and available budget.

Tax Administration Strength and Tax Efficiency in Emerging Europe: Lessons for Romania

Georgia Babici,Ernesto Crivelli,Marina Marinkov 한국국제경제학회 2019 International Economic Journal Vol.33 No.4

Tax administration reform is a top priority to address large tax compliance gaps in emerging Europe. This paper uses an indicator based on objective criteria to assess the strength of Romania’s tax administration relative to peer countries. In doing so, it illustrates various ways in which Romania could boost tax efficiency and thereby tax collection by improving key organizational and operational aspects of its tax administration.

Influence of pyridine ligand nature and the corresponding ruthenium(II) dye molecular structure on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells

Konti, Georgia,Chatzivasiloglou, Evaggelia,Likodimos, Vlassis,Kantonis, Georgios,Kontos, Athanassios G.,Philippopoulos, Athanassios I.,Falaras, Polycarpos Korean Society of Photoscience 2009 Photochemical & photobiological sciences Vol.8 No.5

cis-$[Ru(bpy)_2(L^n)]Cl_2$ (n = 1, $L^1$ = 4-carboxy-2-(2'-pyridyl)quinoline (2); n = 2, $L^2$ = 2,2'-pyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid (4)); and cis-$[Ru(bpy)_2(L')_2)]Cl_2$ (L' = 4-pyridinecarboxylic acid (6)) complexes, with surface anchoring groups, are prepared from the reaction of cis-[$Ru(bpy)_2Cl_2$] (1) with the appropriate ligand ($L^1$, $L^2$, L'). Ion exchange in aqueous solution with $NH_4PF_6$ gives the corresponding bis(hexafluorophosphate) derivatives cis-$[Ru(bpy)_2(L^1)](PF_6)_2$ (3), cis-$[Ru(bpy)_2(L^2)](PF_6)_2$ (5) and cis-$[Ru(bpy)_2(L')_2](PF_6)_2$ (7), respectively. The photo-electrochemical properties of the dyes (2-7) are investigated and the efficiency of the corresponding dye sensitized solar cells is compared to a N719 sensitized device, under similar fabrication and testing conditions.

Construction of Irreducible Representations over Khovanov–Lauda–Rouquier Algebras of Finite Classical Type

Benkart, Georgia,Kang, Seok-Jin,Oh, Se-jin,Park, Euiyong Oxford University Press 2014 International mathematics research notices Vol.2014 No.5

<P>We give an explicit construction of irreducible modules over Khovanov–Lauda–Rouquier algebras <I>R</I> and their cyclotomic quotients <I>R</I><SUP><I>λ</I></SUP> for finite classical types using a crystal basis theoretic approach. More precisely, for each element <I>v</I> of the crystal [Formula] (resp. <I>B</I>(<I>λ</I>)), we first construct certain modules <I>Δ</I>(<B>a</B>;<I>k</I>) labeled by the adapted string <B>a</B> of <I>v</I>. We then prove that the head of the induced module [Formula] is irreducible and that every irreducible <I>R</I>-module (resp. <I>R</I><SUP><I>λ</I></SUP>-module) can be realized as the irreducible head of one of the induced modules [Formula]. Moreover, we show that our construction is compatible with the crystal structure on [Formula] (resp. <I>B</I>(<I>λ</I>)).</P>

학교 영양교육 프로그램

Guldan, Georgia S.,이인숙 대한영양사회 1999 國民營養 Vol.205 No.-

Foreign ownership structure, stock prices and the firm value

Tech, Georgia,Eun, Cheol S. 성균관대학교 경영연구소 2000 Sungkyun Management Research Institute Work Vol.17 No.-

Presentation Outline 1. The Swiss Case ● Bearer Shares(Foreigners) Registered Shares(Locals) ● Nestle' Event of 1988 ● Loderer-Jacobs Puzzle ● Why Restrict Foreign Ownership? Value Maximization vs. Control Hypotheses ● Nestle' Event of 1959 ● Stock Prices and the Firm Value under Foreign Ownership Restrictions 2. The Chinese Case ● A-Shares(Locals) vs. B-Shares(Foreigners) ● Chinese Discount Puzzle: Theory and Evidence