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A Global Review of New Social Risks and Responses for Children and their Families
Shirley Gatenio Gabel,Sheila B. Kamerman 한국사회복지학회 2009 Asian Social Work and Policy Review Vol.3 No.1
Given global demographic and social trends, the need for new policy and program responses isessential. This article identifies and describes new and traditional social risks affecting children andtheir families in both industrialized and developing countries by region. Traditional risks continuein the developing as well as the industrialized countries but the extent and scale are very differentand the problems are far more severe in developing countries. In addition, new risks are now evidentand new policy responses are emerging. Attention to the new risks is increasing, with growinginvestment in services and policies facilitating the reconciliation of work and family life and nontraditionalfamilies. The citizens of many developing countries experience new risks as well, buttheir capacity to confront and address these risks is also more limited.
Early Childhood Education and Care in the United States : An Overview of the Current Policy Picture
Sheila B. Kamerman,Shirley Gatenio-Gabel 육아정책연구소 2007 International Journal of Child Care and Education Vol.1 No.1
Early childhood education and care (ECEC) in the US includes a wide range of part-day, full-school-day, and fullwork-day programs, under educational, social welfare, and commercial auspices, funded and delivered in a variety of ways in both the public and the private sectors, designed sometimes with an emphasis on the “care” component of ECEC and at other times with stress on “education” or with equal attention to both. Although ECEC scholars and advocates are increasingly convinced of the need to integrate all these program types, categorical funding coupled with diverse societal values continue to support the differences. The result is a fragmented ECEC system, of wide-ranging quality and with skewed access, but with some movement in recent years toward the integration of early childhood education and care.