The Structure and Phonology of Mimetic Words in Korean and Japanese

Garrigues, S. L. 제주대학교 1984 논문집 Vol.22 No.2

한국어화 일본어가 공통적으로 갖는 특이한 특질 가운데 하나는 음성상징어를 광범위하게 사용해서 일상어의 미묘한 점을 더해 주고, 또 표현력을 확장한다는 점이다. 이 두 인어가 갖는 이러한 특질은 이 두 나라에서 학술적인 관심을 크게 불러 일으키고 있다. 그럼에도 불구 하고 영어로 쓰여진 것은 거의 없고, 이 두 언어 체계에 대한 비교 분석이 한국이든, 일본이든 기타 나라에서든지 학자들에 의해 시도되어야 한다. 이 두 연어에 있어서의 음성 상징어의 구조를 살펴보면 두드러진 유사성이 밝혀지고, 또 본 질적으로 상징적인 음운교차의 원리가 같다는 점을 낭 수 있다. 그러므로 한국어와 일본어의 음성상징에 대한 연구와 관련된 비교 인구는 그 성과가 많으리 라고 제안하는 바이다. 한 예를 보면 일본의 학자들은 음성 상징 구조에 있어서 상이한 모음이 다양한 의미론적인 가치를 지니고 있다는 점을 인식한 지가 오래 되었지만, 그들은 단일 연속체에 있는 모든 모음이 갖는 강도에 대한 절대적인 척도를 확립하고자 하는 데에만 노력해 왔다. 이 논문에서는 일본 어의 음성 상징에 사용되는 모음교차의 실질적인 체계가 근본적인 의미는 같지만 明?暗관계라는 미묘한 의미의 차이를 갖는 한국어의 체계와 유사한 輕?重의 모음쌍에 대한 상대적인 체계라는 점을 제시하고자 한다.

Prepositions and the Names of Countries and Islands : A Local Grammar for the Automatic Analysis of Texts

Garrigues, Mylene 서울대학교 어학연구소 1995 語學硏究 Vol.31 No.2

The expression of movement in French has given rise to a large amount of linguistic research centered on the attempt to attribute a particular meaning to a given syntactical form. Thus, for example, the use of alternatives such as the prepositions a`/sur is explained in terms of a semantic opposition, with a`making "the conclusion or goal of a displacement", and sur "the direction of a rapid displacement" ("le terme d'un mouvement" and "la direction d'un mouvement rapide" respectively, G. Gougenheim, 1962). This view, illustrated by a number of examples, presupposes that it is enough to learn the "meaning" of a preposition in order to acquire the necessary competence for its production in any context. What is presented here is an analogous study which, however, leads to a dismantling of this view. The systematic examination of circumscribed points, which is, after all, necessary to the formalisation of a linguistic phenomenon for automatic processing, shows a remarkable absence of any such correlation between meaning and form, whilst revealing a highly complex pattern of lexico-syntactic relationships. This reversal of the initial position leads us to envisage the learning of the usage of a preposition in terms of the memorisation not of a meaning, but of a multitude of grammars corresponding to the different contexts, or even micro-contexts, in which it occurs. These grammars, of which we shall provide graphical representations, reveal also, and in a tangible way, the extreme complexity of our cognitive linguistic system.

Windows of Language and Culture : An Approach to a Deep Reading of English Song Lyrics

Steve Garrigues 신영어영문학회 2001 신영어영문학회 학술발표회 자료집 Vol.2001 No.1

Nonlinear ion dynamics in Hall thruster plasma source by ion transit-time instability

Lim, Youbong,Choe, Wonho,Mazouffre, Sté,phane,Park, Jae Sun,Kim, Holak,Seon, Jongho,Garrigues, L IOP PUBLISHING 2017 PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.26 No.3

<P>High-energy tail formation in an ion energy distribution function (IEDF) is explained in a Hall thruster plasma with the stationary crossed electric and magnetic fields whose discharge current is oscillated at the ion transit-time scale with a frequency of 360 kHz. Among ions in different charge states, singly charged Xe ions (Xe<SUP>+</SUP>) have an IEDF that is significantly broadened and shifted toward the high-energy side, which contributes to tail formation in the entire IEDF. Analytical and numerical investigations confirm that the IEDF tail is due to nonlinear ion dynamics in the ion transit-time oscillation.</P>

Decreased Esophageal Sensitivity to Acid in Morbidly Obese Patients: A Cause for Concern?

( Vicente Ortiz ),( Diego Alvarez-sotomayor ),( Esteban Saez-gonzalez ),( Francia Carolina Diaz-jaime ),( Marisa Iborra ),( Julio Ponce ),( Vicente Garrigues ) 대한간학회 2017 Gut and Liver Vol.11 No.3

Background/Aims: To evaluate esophageal sensitivity to acid between morbidly obese (MO) patients and non-MO controls with abnormal esophageal acid exposure. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 58 patients: 30 MO (cases) and 28 non-MO (controls). Esophageal symptoms and esophageal sensitivity to 0.1 M hydrochloric acid solution (Bernstein test) were compared between MO and non- MO patients with a prior diagnosis of abnormal esophageal acid exposure. Results: MO patients were less symptomatic than non-MO controls (14% vs 96%; odds ratio [OR], 0.006; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.001 to 0.075; p=0.000). MO patients were more likely to present with decreased esophageal sensitivity to the instillation of acid than non-MO controls (57% vs 14%; OR, 8; 95% CI, 1.79 to 35.74; p=0.009). Subgroup analysis revealed no differences in esophageal sensitivity in MO patients with and without abnormal esophageal acid exposure (43% vs 31%; p=0.707). Conclusions: Silent gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is common among MO individuals, likely due to decreased esophageal sensitivity to acid. The absence of typical GERD symptoms in these patients may delay discovery of precancerous conditions, such as Barrett`s esophagus. We believe that these patients may require a more aggressive diagnostic work-up to rule out the presence of silent GERD. (Gut Liver 2017;11:358-362)

Image and Learning : Opioid-induced Lower Esophageal Sphincter Dysfunction

( Esteban Saez Gonzalez ),( Vicente Ortiz Bellver ),( Francia Carolina Diaz Jaime ),( Juan Antonio Ortuno Cortes ),( Vicente Garrigues Gil ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2015 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.21 No.4

Internet search analytics for shoulder arthroplasty: what questions are patients asking?

Johnathon R. McCormick,Matthew C. Kruchten,Nabil Mehta,Dhanur Damodar,Nolan S. Horner,Kyle D. Carey,Gregory P. Nicholson,Nikhil N. Verma,Grant E Garrigues 대한견주관절학회 2023 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Background: Common questions about shoulder arthroplasty (SA) searched online by patients and the quality of this content are unknown. The purpose of this study is to uncover questions SA patients search online and determine types and quality of webpages encountered. Methods: The “People also ask” section of Google Search was queried to return 900 questions and associated webpages for general, anatomic, and reverse SA. Questions and webpages were categorized using the Rothwell classification of questions and assessed for quality using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria. Results: According to Rothwell classification, the composition of questions was fact (54.0%), value (24.7%), and policy (21.3%). The most common webpage categories were medical practice (24.6%), academic (23.2%), and medical information sites (14.4%). Journal articles represented 8.9% of results. The average JAMA score for all webpages was 1.69. Journals had the highest average JAMA score (3.91), while medical practice sites had the lowest (0.89). The most common question was, “How long does it take to recover from shoulder replacement?” Conclusions: The most common questions SA patients ask online involve specific postoperative activities and the timeline of recovery. Most information is from low-quality, non-peer-reviewed websites, highlighting the need for improvement in online resources. By understanding the questions patients are asking online, surgeons can tailor preoperative education to common patient concerns and improve postoperative outcomes.

Rotator cuff repair: what questions are patients asking online and where are they getting their answers?

Alexander J. Hodakowski,Johnathon R. McCormick,Dhanur Damodar,Matthew R. Cohn,Kyle D. Carey,Nikhil N. Verma,Gregory Nicholson,Grant E Garrigues 대한견주관절학회 2023 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Background: This study analyzed questions entered online by rotator cuff patients and determined types and quality of websites providing information at the top of queries. Methods: Three strings related to rotator cuff repair were explored in Google Search. The result pages were manually collected under the “People also ask” function for frequent questions and associated webpages. Questions were categorized using Rothwell’s classification with further topical subcategorization. Webpages were evaluated by Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria for source quality. Results: One hundred twenty “People also ask” questions were collected with their associated webpages. Based on the Rothwell classification of questions, queries were thematically organized into fact (41.7%), value (31.7%), and policy (26.7%) categories. The most common webpage categories were academic (28.3%) and medical practice (27.5%). The most common question subcategories were timeline of recovery (21.7%), indications/management (21.7%), and pain (18.3%). The average JAMA score for all 120 webpages was 1.50. Journal articles had the highest average JAMA score (3.77), while commercial websites had the lowest JAMA score (0.91). The most common suggested question for rotator cuff repair/surgery was, “Is rotator cuff surgery worth having?,” while the most common suggested question for rotator cuff repair pain was, “What happens if a rotator cuff is not repaired?” Conclusions: The most common questions asked on Google pertaining to rotator cuff repair evaluate management options and relate to the timeline of recovery and pain management. Most information is provided by medical practice, academic, and medical information websites, which have highly variable reliability. By understanding the questions that rotator cuff repair patients are asking online, surgeons can tailor preoperative education to common patient concerns and improve postoperative outcomes. Level of evidence: IV.