일종합병원 입원환자의 불안에 관한 연구

오경옥,강문희,박영희,심희숙 충남대학교 간호과학연구소 2003 충남대 간호학술지 Vol.6 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anxiety of inpatients in a general hospital in Daejeon. Data were collected through self-reported questionaires from January, 2003 to February, 2003, The anxiety was measured by Zung's Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. Analysis of data was done was descriptive statistics, t-test ANOVA and factor analysis. The results of the study were as follows : (1) The average score for the level of anxiety was 37.75±8.44 point (2) The anxiety items, such as sweating. apprehension, dyspnea, insomnia and restlessness showed the high score in inpatient. (3) Anxiety showed significant difference by education level(p<0.01), duration of hospitasization (p<0.01), prognosis(p(0.05), ward(medical/surgical) (p{0.05), experienc of admission (p<0.05). (4) According to the factor analysis, four factors of sweating, apprehension, dyspnea and restlessness showed high score in inpatient. Inpatient's anxiety characteristically showed more somatic symptoms than affective symptoms.

3'-Methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene이 백서의 정상 및 재생간의 EGF Receptor 변동에 미치는 영향

홍장희,허강민,석정호,이재흔 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1997 충남의대잡지 Vol.24 No.1

To study the changes of EGF receptors in the rat liver regeneration and hepatic carcinogenesis, ^125I-EGF binding sites were measured in the regenerated liver cell membrane after partial hepatectomy of normal rat and 3-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene treated rat. 1. EGF binding sites (Bmax) in the normal rat liver cell membrane were 553.8fmole/mg protein and were markedly decreased at the 1st day after partial hepatectomy. These sites were increased at the 3rd day(Bmax-161.0fmole/mg protein) and were 29% of the normal liver EGF binding sites. 2. EGF binding sites (Bmax) in the normal cell membrane of the 3-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-treated rat, were 72.8fmole/mg protein and were significantly less than those in the normal rat live cell membrane. At the 1st day after partial hepatectomy, EGF binding sites were markedly decreased and increased at the 3rd day (Bmax=155.8fmole/mg protein). 3. Kd values in EGF receptor binding were not much altered in both liver cell membranes of the normal rat and the 3-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene treated rat. From these result, it is suggested that decreased EGF binding sites in the liver cell membrane of regenerating rat liver and 3-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene treated rat may be due to the alteration of EGF receptor number.

顫振에 對한 文獻的 考察

金珍熙,文炳淳,成彊慶 한국전통의학연구소 1997 한국전통의학지 Vol.7 No.2

顫振(tremor)은 頭部나 四肢가 부자유스럽게 흔들리거나 혹은 떨면시 움직이는 疵狀을 말하는 것으로 顫振의 節時에는 頭搖,手顫, 足顫,身振搖,舌顫, ㅁ顫 等이 포함된다.顫振에 대한 文??的 考察을 통해 顫振을 部位 와 관계없이 全體的인 觀點에서 病因別로 分類할 수 있었고,顫振이 發顯되는 部位에 따라 分類하여 名名의 病因別로 分類할 수 있었다. 이 두가지의 分類틀 통해 相互 連繫性을 찾아 顫振의 治療에 도움이 되고자 顫振의 病因 및 治方을 調査하여 考察하였다. 考察한 結果 顫振의 治療는 共通的인 病因에 使用된 治方을 基本方으로 하고,顫振의 發顯部位에 따라 名名 特徵的으로 使用된 治方을 參照하여 應用해야 할 것으로 思料된다. Tremor is defined as involuntary motion of the head,limbs,and other parts of the body. Tremor is due to the general mechanism,so called "Malnutrition of Tendon (筋失濡養)",but various subtypes due to etiology exists. The disease is dassified in the view of the lesion and its pathogenesis. According to the lesion,it could be classified to tremor of head(頭搖),tremor of hand(手顫),tremor of foot(足顫),tremor of the whole body or truck (身振搖),tremor of toung(舌顫),tremor of lip(脣顫),etc. These subcategories are caused by exopathic wind (外感風邪),hyperactivity of the liver - yang (肝陽亢盛),up - stirring of liver (肝風內動),deficiency of both qi and blood(氣血虛弱),exuberance of the liver - wind (肝風盛),insufficency of the heart - fire (心火不足),insufficency of the heart - qi (心氣虛),failure of heart (心絶),deficiency of blood (血虛),wind - cold - dampness (風塞濕),deficiency of both qi and blood (氣血虛弱). blood depletion due to hypofunction of the spleen (脾虛血燥),deficiency of blood in the heart and spleen (心脾血虛). Out of these pathologic mechanisms,the former four conditions are the most common factors of the disease. And general drugs used to control the four common factors are Lingjiao Gouteng Tang (羚羊鉤藤湯),Tianma Gouteng Yin (天靡鉤藤欲),Renshen Yangying Tang (人蔘養榮湯),Bazhen Tang (八珍湯), Da Dingfeng Zhu (大定風珠),Da Buyin Wan (大補除丸),Daotan Tang (導痰湯),Cuigan Wan (崔肝丸) etc. In addition,there are specific factors and drugs to each lesion. To sum up,tremor of head(頭搖),tremor of hand(手顫), tremor of foot(足顫),tremor of the whole body or truck (身振搖),tremor of toung(舌顫),tremor of lip(脣顫) is resulted from up - stirring of liver (肝風內勤),insufficency of the heart - qi (氣血虛弱),wind - cold - dampness (風寒濕),deficiency of blood in the heart and spleen (心脾血虛),blood depletion due to hypofunction of the spleen (脾虛血燥),and the fire of Stomach Channel (胃經之火) respectively. Each symptoms treated by Lingjiao Gouteng Tang (羚羊鉤藤湯),Reinforcing the heart Wan (補心丸),Wuji San (五穰散),Guipi Tang (蹄脾湯),Shuangjie Tong sheng Shan (雙解通聖散),Siwu Shufeng Tang (四物疎風湯). (The last two elements are induded to the 脣顫) On the basis of this study, we can use basic drugs which is treat the common factor, additionally add specific medication as to the lesions. In this method, we can approach the disease effectively, and try more comprehensive solutions include etiology, pathology, and pharmacology.

신경림 시의 궤적과 내면의식 탐구 : 시의 '등가성 원리'와 결부하여

한강희 현대문학이론학회 2005 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.24

One of the characteristics of Shin Gyoung-rim’s poems that most critics have agreed on is that they consistently stick to certain poetic themes in the rapidly changing situations of life and reality. It means that his poems are fundamentally rooted in traditional lyric poems which are based upon emotional uniformity toward things and objects. His poems reflect poor and alienated life of farmers in the lowest class, forced away from the center of the society without any prospect for future, and their frustration, loneliness, shame, anxiety, oppression, anger, pain, sorrow, despair, moaning and screaming. He has gained critical acclaim for fighting against Western modernism, once the mainstream of the age, for describing the problems of alienated farmers and farming villages which have inevitably exposed to industrial society, and for restoring the very identity of people's life hidden behind the political ideology of a divided nation. Especially, from the viewpoint of the acute angle, his journal of journey for Korean folk songs explores the point at which agricultural society switches over to modern industrial one, at which culture of lower class emerges against that of ruling class and opens a new field in an experimental form of poetry. That is, the evaluation of his poems is that they distinguishedly and consistently maintains Korean folk motif in lyric poems in traditional folk songs' style. The aesthetics of his poems and origin of the power in them is that sincere and honest attitude toward life is continuously prevalent and poetized. It can be inferred that it is the result of the poet's strict search in his inner world and his modesty in life. His poems address detailed particles in the low current of damaged miserable modern life, suffering pain and poverty, and present hope for life. The interest he encountered with in the initial stage of his poetic journey is from conceptual exploration of self, but in the later stage it transforms despair and hatred into experimental forms after watching corrupt reality of the society. It can be said that his recording and exploitation of folk songs in the form of journey journal, which are considered traditional and popular, are transcending values of traditional genres given that they are experimental re-discovery of the ethnic style.

旅程의 상상력, 旅程의 시학 : '길 나서기(旅程)'를 모티프로 한 현대시 분석 Analysis on Modern Poetry with a Motif of 'Road and Itinerary'

한강희 현대문학이론학회 2002 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.18

We have taken a glimpse at poetries of principle poets who have worked about 'road', 'travel', and "itinerary' as poetic motives, device, and topics of poetic formation, As it is considerably known, analysis and classification on 'itinerary' is limited to the boundary of surrounding areas in poetic and suggestive viewpoints. Features of conceptual regulation, formative categorization those areas are also insufficient. In this report, we have investigated that the basic axes of poetic minds, 'road' and 'itinerary', are 'fattening modern poetry' and contributing greatly in 'raising the reputation and history of modern poetry', We would be able to find a possibility of lyrical poetry forming multi-colored aesthetic spectrum because a group of poets ho examine that possibilities exist. In this report, we tried to insert the itinerary of life of 'finding the road, traveling, staying, and retuning' and returning' into poetic minds. A process of that journey could be planned in three parts: 'a road to reach inner existence and salvation', a road returning to the past(Hwang, Dong-Gyu Huh, Man-Ha, Kim, Myong-In), 'Finding of self ego in the process of nature investigation and journey', a process of present journey(Song, Su-Gwon, Gwak, Jae-Gu), and 'Investigation of community and finding of the road with mutual understanding', a process of finging future road(Go Eun, Shin, Kyung-Lim, Baek Mu-Sun). Of course, poets have not accurately perceived any one direction from the three divisions discussed above. According to the cases, three roads that are parts of the original ground possess much more branches. On the other hand, original ground do not always control a certain branch and branches only have the same origin but are not always connected to the original ground.

임하호 저니침전물 성분에 관한 조사 연구

류강기,이희무 安東大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 1995 農業科學技術 硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.-

페놀분해능이 있는 49균주를 이용하여 9종의 제초제에 대한 유일탄소원으고 이용능을 조사한 결과 4, 14번 균주는 조사한 9가지 제초제를 전부 유일탄소원 및 에너지원으로 이용할 수 있었고, 5번 균주 등 6균주는 8가지 제초제에 자화능을 나타냈다. 1번 균주 등 5균주는 7가지 제초제를 자화찬 수 있었고, 12번 등 13균주는 6가지 제초제를 유일탄소원 으로 이용할 수 있었다. 3번 균주 등 4균주는 5가지 제초제, 15번 균주 등13균주는 4가 지 제초제를 이용할 수 있었다. 42번과 43번 균주는 3가지 제초제를 유일 탄소원으로 이용할 수 있었으며, 25번, 29번, 32번, 39번, 47번 균주는 9가지 제초제에 대한 자화능이 없었다. 각 제초제 별로는 49균주중 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid가 42균주, propanil이 12균 주 3-(3, 4-Dichlorophenyl) -1, 1-dimethylurea가 27균주, chlormethoxynil이 43균주, nitrofen은 16균주, bifenox는 11균주, Ioxynil은 20균주, simazine은 38균주, simetryn은 43균주가 유일탄소원으로 각각 이용하는 것으로 나타났다. 49 phenol degrading bacteria were isolated from soils were screened for the degradation of phytotoxic compounds. Tested nine kinds of phytotoxic compounds were 2, 4-D, propanil, DCMU, chlormethoxynil, nitrofen, bifenox, Ioxynil, simazine, simetryn. From 49 strains, two strains (NO-4 and, NO-14) able to use 9 kinds of phytotoxic compounds as the sole source of carbon and energy. Among the tested strains, 6 strains (NO-5 and so) able to use 8 kinds, 5 strains (NO-1 and so) able to use 7 kinds, 13 strains able to use 6 kinds of herbcides as the sole source of carbon and energy. 4 strains (NO-3 and so) able to use 5 kinds of herbicides, 13 strains (NO-15 and so) able to use 4 kinds of substrate. NO-42 and 43 were found to be capable of mineralization of 3 kinds of herbcides as the sole source of carbon and energy. Among the tested strains, NO-25, 29, 32, 39, 47 could not degrade 9 phytotoxic compounds. Among the 49 strains, 42 strains able to degrade for 2, 4-D, 12 strains for propanil, 27 strains for DCMU, 43 strains for chlormethoxynil and simetryn, 16 strains for nitrofen, 11 strains for bifenox, 20 strains for Ioxynil, 38 strains for simazine.

側腦室內 d-Tubocurarine이 家兎 腎臟機能에 미치는 影響

盧熙壯,許康敏,李載欣,昔廷鎬 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1989 충남의대잡지 Vol.16 No.1

Effect of d-tubocurarine administered intracerebroventricularly on the renal function of rabb-its was investigated. 1) Intraventricular d-tubocurarine induced decrease of urine flow, renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration, and urinary sodium and potassium excretion, but increase of reabsorption of urinary sodium and potassium. 2) Correlation coefficient between changes of two parameters among urine volume, renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration and urinary sodium excretion was statistically significant. 3) Changes of various parameters of renal function induced by intraventricular d-tubocurarine were inhibited by phenol treatment on the renal artery except change of sodium. From the above results, it is suggested that the effect of intraventricular d-tubocurarine on the renal function of rabbit is due to renal hemodynamic changes by central sympathetic activation.

새로운 동기정류기 이용한 고효율 하프브리지 DC-DC 컨버터

유두희,정강률 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 2007 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.13 No.1

This paper presents a high efficiency half-bridge dc-dc converter using a novel synchronous rectifier. After conventional self-driven synchronous rectifier technique applied to each conventional converter is briefly reviewed, the new topological self-driven synchronous rectifier applied to the proposed converter is briefly described. The new topological synchronous rectifier increases the system efficiency using low on-resistance of its switches and its switch conduction time extension to the whole switching period, which is one of the characteristics of the asymmetrical half-bridge converter. The synchronous rectifier type used in the proposed converter is a little modified type of the conventional synchronous rectifier used in the conventional asymmetrical half-bridge converter, which changes the transformer structure and synchronous rectifier switch connection. The operational principle of the proposed half-bridge dc-dc converter is explained, and according to this, a design consideration is shown. As the proposed converter utilizes the transformer leakage inductance as the resonant inductance, its structure is more simplified. The circuit operation and mathematical analysis of the proposed converter are given in detail. Also it is shown through the experimental results that the proposed converter operates excellently as a high efficiency converter.

만성정신질환자의 욕구에 대한 수요자(환자)와 공급자(치료자) 측면의 비교 연구

안강호,이종국,한은선,김명식,김장배,손봉희 대한생물치료정신의학회 2000 생물치료정신의학 Vol.6 No.1

Objectives : We performed this study to assess the needs of the chronically mentally ill(CMI) from the perspectives of the consumers(patients) and the providers(therapists) and to compare the differences between them. We also aimed to find met needs and unmet needs and then to determine the priority of the mental health services for the CMI. Methods : 165 patients and 19 therapists were examined with need assessment tool which had been developed by authors. Through statistical analysis, we evaluated the degree of problem, the degree of intervention, the relative degree of problem, and the degree of demand in each areas of needs, and compared the differences between patient group and therapist group. After then met needs and unmet needs from the perspectives of each group were revealed. Results : 1) There were differences in the assessment of needs between patients and therapists. 2) The more problem areas assessed by patients were finances, mental health, occupation, and leisure life in order of higher ranks. While occupation, leisure life, mental health, and finances were assessed as highly ranked problem areas by the therapist group. 3) Patients perceived that they were given more helps from others in the areas of mental health, physical health, accommodation, and relation to family than other areas. From the perspective of therapists, the areas of needs such as mental health, basic knowledge, occupation, and interpersonal retation were highly ranked intervention areas. 4) The demands for daily living skill, occupation, finances, accommodation were ranked highly by patient group. Highly demanded needs assessed by therapist group were mental health, occupation, interpersonal relation, and basic knowledge. 5) Unmet needs assessed by patient group were occupation, finances, and accommodation, while by therapist group, occupation. Conclusions : The needs of the CMI were assessed and identified by the consumers(patients) and providers(therapists) with the same tool. The differences between two groups were revealed. The most important unmet need of the CMI was occupation. These results can be used to plan the priority of mental health services and policies.

현 단계 문학비평의 좌표에 관한 비판적 고찰 : 최근 연간 '문학권력 논쟁'을 중심으로

한강희 현대문학이론학회 2003 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.20

This was written to glance a stream and point at issues of latest literature discourse. it has been including some agony and thinking our literature and literary criticism have flowered last century and include how they can trace their journey. Crises of human knowledge, novel and poem are a voucher which all literature are facing in a crisis. If a diagnosis about this crisis is current coordinate, prescription corresponds to groping about alternative and possibility for the future. Alternative and possibility the get through journey of discussion until now are summarized as follows. First, criticism can be functioned to the original role after passing over the literature power and commercialism. Crisis of criticism differs according to a debater but escape in the veins and literary publication that diagnosis degraded by perpetrator of bublication capitalism and take in hand of capital and comercialism phemomenon. Out of enormity discourse and an idelolgy, it is caused by an attitude which sensitivity and mannerism think a literary charm, cultureal structure that lose readers. Finally, a criticism shares to seek by value intention is a way to stand which become a commercialism, fragmentalism and preemption. Second is a point that interest should be gathered in various human's reconstitution which premise actuality intention and value inference of human center. In a situation of today that function of legislation criticism is dwindled remarkable, it is very important to establish humanity in the center of criticism. Third, critic is a point that must be able to breathe digital multimedia age, knowledge information society, century of culture and create highly intellectually discourse. Critics must maximize imagination of media by conversation and negotiation after clearing away medernity, anti-community, regions and classes. If this kind of critic agony is overcome by our efforts, general speakings about 'Literary crisis', 'Literary death' is kept only by on-looking self. Today's critics must sense creative order, energy and literary sensibility and imagination that current time and space do intent acutely. We have a duty that must present ways out of new birth that can recover human originality and life value corresponding creatively against commercialism and capitalism.