Is there an App for that? Translator Training in the Age of Smart Phones

Muhammad Y Gamal 한국외국어대학교 통번역연구소 2022 한국외국어대학교 통번역연구소 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.01

Today, every translation and interpreting student has a mobile phone with the Google Translate App already downloaded. The App is powerful and is free and therefore poses an existential question: why study translation when there is an App for it? And yet, translation departments continue to flourish, graduating more students and producing research that appears foreign to the needs of both students and the market (Gamal 2019). The paper reflects on the ever-changing digital technology and its impact on translation from pedagogy to practice. One interesting observation is that what a translator could do on their desktop that weighed 14 kilograms is now produced on an iPhone weighing a mere 178 grams. The quality is not only better but versatile and possible to do from anywhere in the world. Digital technology has entirely transformed the translator’s desktop from a mere generation ago: this includes the way translation is produced, researched, accessed and published (Gamal 2020). The resources, now, available to translators were unthinkable in the year 2000. The paper, part of an ongoing research that examines Arabic translation in the digital world, focuses on translation policy but with clear reference to professional practice (Gamal 2021). For too long, academia has shied away from examining translation policy despite its impact on every aspect of the translation industry. Digital technology has created a different framework that now requires both pedagogy and the profession to adapt to a new cultural context where text, image, video are combined to produce content that is accessed online and with a lot shorter duration, simpler complexity and fast delivery. This new context is what provides employment and requires skills. Translation departments need to cater for a new set of skills that focus on digital creativity, audiovisual translation and networking skills.

Synthesis and broad-spectrum antiproliferative activity of diarylamides and diarylureas possessing 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives

Gamal El-Din, M.M.,El-Gamal, M.I.,Abdel-Maksoud, M.S.,Yoo, K.H.,Oh, C.H. Pergamon Press 2015 Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters Vol.25 No.8

A series of diarylamides and diarylureas possessing 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffold was designed and synthesized. Their in vitro antiproliferative activities were tested against a panel of 58 cell lines of nine different cancer types at the NCI, and compared with Sorafenib as a reference compound. Most of the compounds showed strong and broad-spectrum antiproliferative activities. The diarylurea compound 2g possessing 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl terminal moiety showed the highest mean % inhibition value of about 100% over the 58-cell line panel at 10μM concentration. Also compounds 2h, 2l, 2m exhibited mean % inhibition over 90% at 10μM concentration. The IC<SUB>50</SUB> value of compound 2b over SNB-75 CNS cancer cell line was 0.65μM. Compound 2h also exerted submicromolar IC<SUB>50</SUB> values of 0.67, 0.80, and 0.87μM against PC-3 prostate cancer cell line, HCT-116 colon cancer cell line, and ACHN renal cancer cell line, respectively. Compound 2h showed comparable efficacy to Sorafenib.

Gum arabic-encapsulated gold nanoparticles modulate hypoxamiRs expression in tongue squamous cell carcinoma

Gamal-Eldeen Amira M.,Baghdadi Houry M.,Afifi Nermeen S.,Ismail Ebtehal M.,Alsanie Walaa F.,Althobaiti Fayez,Raafat Bassem M. 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2021 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.17 No.2

Background Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is a popular aggressive malignancy of the oral cavity. Despite advances in OTSCC therapy, the overall 5-year survival rate is low. The tumor microenvironment resistance factors lead to chemotherapy failure, especially intratumoral hypoxia. HIF-1α, the main protein in hypoxia pathway, influences cell survival and angiogenesis. Hypoxia/HIF-1α system is a potential strategic target in cancer therapeutics. The expression of hypoxia-regulating miRNAs (hypoxamiRs; miR-210 and miR-21), regulators of HIF-1α, is high in OTSCC. Gum Arabic-encapsulated gold nanoparticles (GA-AuNPs) have been reported as promising modality in cancer treatment. Objective This study aimed to investigate the influence of GA-AuNPs on the hypoxia regulators in OTSCC (CAL-127 cells). GA-AuNPs cytotoxicity assessed by MTT assay; cell death mode was detected by dual DNA staining; monitoring of cellular hypoxia was followed by pimonidazole; miR-210 and miR-21 expression was assessed by qPCR; and their targets (HIF-1α and c-Myc) assayed by immunocytofluorescence and ELISA, respectively. Results GA-AuNPs (75–80 nm; λmax of ~ 540 nm) reduced cell viability with IC50 of 392.3 and 247.3 µg/ml after 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Cell death was mainly due to apoptosis. CAL-27 cells exhibited high hypoxia and the treatment with GA-AuNPs inhibited this hypoxia in a dose-dependent manner, as detected by pimonidazole. GA-AuNPs (30% IC50) significantly reduced miR-210 and miR-21 expression. HIF-1α and c-Myc were inhibited by GA-AuNPs (30% IC50, for 48 h). Conclusion The study findings may suggest GA-AuNPs as a promising carrier for chemotherapies to diminish intratumoral hypoxia-stimulated resistance. Background Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is a popular aggressive malignancy of the oral cavity. Despite advances in OTSCC therapy, the overall 5-year survival rate is low. The tumor microenvironment resistance factors lead to chemotherapy failure, especially intratumoral hypoxia. HIF-1α, the main protein in hypoxia pathway, influences cell survival and angiogenesis. Hypoxia/HIF-1α system is a potential strategic target in cancer therapeutics. The expression of hypoxia-regulating miRNAs (hypoxamiRs; miR-210 and miR-21), regulators of HIF-1α, is high in OTSCC. Gum Arabic-encapsulated gold nanoparticles (GA-AuNPs) have been reported as promising modality in cancer treatment. Objective This study aimed to investigate the influence of GA-AuNPs on the hypoxia regulators in OTSCC (CAL-127 cells). GA-AuNPs cytotoxicity assessed by MTT assay; cell death mode was detected by dual DNA staining; monitoring of cellular hypoxia was followed by pimonidazole; miR-210 and miR-21 expression was assessed by qPCR; and their targets (HIF-1α and c-Myc) assayed by immunocytofluorescence and ELISA, respectively. Results GA-AuNPs (75–80 nm; λmax of ~ 540 nm) reduced cell viability with IC50 of 392.3 and 247.3 µg/ml after 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Cell death was mainly due to apoptosis. CAL-27 cells exhibited high hypoxia and the treatment with GA-AuNPs inhibited this hypoxia in a dose-dependent manner, as detected by pimonidazole. GA-AuNPs (30% IC50) significantly reduced miR-210 and miR-21 expression. HIF-1α and c-Myc were inhibited by GA-AuNPs (30% IC50, for 48 h). Conclusion The study findings may suggest GA-AuNPs as a promising carrier for chemotherapies to diminish intratumoral hypoxia-stimulated resistance.

The Nonlinear Modeling and Control movement of a Human Forearm for Prosthetic Applications

Gamal A. Elnashar 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Control and Automation Vol.7 No.2

R&D and Merger Profitability

Gamal Atallah 서울대학교 경제연구소 2005 Seoul journal of economics Vol.18 No.4

This paper analyzes the interaction between R&D and merger profitability. The industry is composed of symmetric firms who undertake cost-reducing R&D and compete in output. A subgroup of firms merge, and all firms adjust their R&D investments to the new market structure. It is found that in most cases R&D has a negligible impact on merger profitability, and does not change the critical number of firms required to make a merger profitable. However, when firms are indifferent toward a merger in the absence of R&D, R&D has an effect on merger profitability. Noncooperative R&D makes such mergers profitable for low and high levels of spillovers, and unprofitable for intermediate levels of spillovers; moreover, the range of spillovers such that a merger is unprofitable due to R&D increases with concentration. Cooperative R&D without information sharing makes such mergers profitable for low spillovers, but unprofitable for high spillovers. Cooperative R&D with information sharing makes such mergers unprofitable.

New cost effective design of PCR heating cycler system using Peltier plate without the conventional heating block

Gamal A. Nasser,Ahmed L. Abdel-Mawgood,A. A. Abouelsoud,Hisham Mohamed,Shinjiro Umezu,Ahmed M. R. Fath El-Bab 대한기계학회 2021 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.35 No.7

Temperature control is a critical factor in PCR for efficient DNA amplification. The main aim is to achieve tight control and high rate of heating and cooling for a portable, cost-effective PCR device. This speed depends on reduction of the thermal mass of the PCR heating part. The common methods used to decrease the device's thermal mass or heating/ cooling time are to improve desirable device structural design and to choose a better heating and cooling mechanism with robust controller. Increasing the thermal mass provides a good temperature distribution on the heater surface, but it delays the heat transfer. Therefore, removing thermal mass makes the controller struggle to provide a high temperature uniformity distribution on Peltier surface. In this paper, we provide a cost-effective PCR heating/cooling system using Peltier element. This system is controlled using adaptive FLC with bang-bang as a hybrid controller to provide good accuracy with maximum available temperature changing rate. The results show that in cooling, the adaptive FLC with bang-bang controller is faster by 20 % than the normal PD-like FLC, however in heating it is faster by 5 to 10 %. The adaptive FLC provided steady state error 3 % and 1.5 % less than the normal FLC at denaturation and annealing steps, respectively. Temperature distribution is tested using thermal camera. The device is validated by performing conventional PCR. The amplification product was analyzed by electrophoresis on a 1.5 % agarose gel then stained with ethidium bromide and the products show successfully amplified.

Evaluation of various plant extracts for their nematicidal efficacies againstjuveniles of Meloidogyne incognita

Gamal Abdalla Elbadri,이동운,Jung Chan Park,Hwang Bin Yu,추호렬 한국응용곤충학회 2008 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.11 No.2

Twenty-seven different samples that included various plant components (leaves, fruits, and stems) were collected from 21 tree and herbal species in 19 genera from Gezira locality, Sudan. Methanol or hexane extracts of the 27 samples were screened for nematicidal activity against second-stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita in the laboratory. The juveniles were exposed to 500 ppm of each plant extract for 24, 48 and 72 h. Five plant extracts exhibited highly promising mortality rates of 95–99% after 72 h of exposure, which were statistically different from the other extracts. These extracts were from Dinbera retroflexa (leaves), Cucumis melo var. agrestis (fruits), Eucalyptus microtheca (leaves), Acacia nilotica (pods), and Chenopodium album (leaves). Six extracts derived from the leaves of Solenostemma argel, Aristolochia bracteolate, and Ziziphus spina-christi and the seeds of Aregimone mexicana, Datura stramonium, and Azadirachta indica produced relatively high mortality rates of 94–80% after 72 h of exposure. The 5 most nematicidal plant extracts listed above were further screened against similar stage juveniles of the nematode species using only 50 ppm for 24, 48, and 72 h. Three plant extracts, C. melo var agrestis (fruits), A. nilotica (fruits), and C. album (leaves), exhibited 41, 42 and 45% mortality rates, respectively. The mortality rate increased with increasing exposure time for most of the extracts.

Monitoring and Characterization of Insecticide Resistance in the Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Gamal E. Abo Elghar,Zeinab A. Elbermawy,Adel G. Yousef,Hany K. Abd Elhady 한국응용곤충학회 2005 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.8 No.4

A Certain Class of Multivalent Prestarlike Functions Involving the Srivastava-Saigo-Owa Fractional Integral Operator

Gamal M. Shenan,Tariq O. Salim,Mousa S. Marouf 경북대학교 자연과학대학 수학과 2004 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.44 No.3

In the present paper we introduce the class Spn;r (A;B;) consisting of p-valent prestarlike functions with negative coefficients denfined by Salagean operator. Growth and distortion Theorems are proved in terms of Srivastava-Saigo-Owa fractional integral operator. Class preserving integral operator and radius of convexity for functions belonging to this class is also determined.

Nematocidal Screening of Essential Oils and Herbal Extracts against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Gamal A. A. Elbadri,이동운,Jung Chan Park,Hwang Bin Yu,Ho Yul Choo,Sang Myeong Lee,Tae Heon Lim 한국식물병리학회 2008 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.24 No.2

Five essential oils and 15 herbal extracts were evaluated to control Bursaphelenchus xylophillus in laboratory. The essential oils from clove plant (Syzygium aromaticum), mustard (Brassica integrefolia), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), and Pelargonium inquinans were found to be highly promising and gave excellent control of the nematodes at all the time of exposure. Among them, the least one gave 91.3% mean mortality rate at 24 hours of exposure time, which is highly significant from the control. While in the second study, most of the methanol (Desmodium caudatum, Paulownia coreana, Auckulandia lappa, Sophota flavescens, Aloe sp., Rheum palmatum, Zingiber officinale, Magnolia officinalis, and Eugenia caryophyllata), hexane (Torreya nucifera, Pharbitis nil, Prunus mume, Melia azedarach, and Xanthium strumarium), and hot water (Cinnamomum cassia) herbal extracts killed the nematodes, but in varying degrees compared to the control. Only one extract was found to be promising viz Magnolia officinalis which found to be statistically different from the control and gave mean mortality of 72, 82.3, and 85.3% for 24, 48, and 72 hours exposure, respectively. Further screening was conducted for M. officinalis with concentrations of 1,000, 100, and 10 ppm against the same species of nematode with the same time of exposure. However, it gave an excellent result for 1,000 ppm for all time of exposure, whereas for the 100 and 10 ppm it gave mean mortality of 39.5 and 25.8% for the time 72 hrs, respectively that were statistically different from the control.