한국 전통차의 중금속 흡착 연구

최감우,박병빈,류해일 공주대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 1998 과학교육연구 Vol.29 No.1

한국의 전통차(보리, 옥수수, 결명차, 녹차, 두충차)는 물 속에 녹아 있는 인체에 해로운 중금속을 제거하는데 아주 효과적인 것이 실험적으로 증명되어졌다. 차들은 중금속에 대해서 선택적으로 흡착력을 나타내었는데 납(??)은 옥수수, 녹차, 두충차에서 카드뮴(??)은 보리, 녹차, 두충차에서, 수은(??)은 옥수수를 제외하나 모든 차에서 흡착이 잘되었다. 한국 전통차는 양이온을 대부분 잘 흡착하지만 음이온(??)은 흡착되지 않았었다. 전통차는 양이온만을 주로 흡착제거하는 양이온 교환체에 해당한다. 한국 전통차의 흡착제거율은 금속의 산화수가 클수록(??등) 떨어지는데 산화수가 커지면 중금속에 결합하는 흡착제(이온교환체)의 숫자가 많아져야 하기 때문에 흡착력이 떨어지는 것으로 여겨진다. 차를 끓이는 동아나 용액의 pH는 점점 감소하여 약산성이 되는데 이것은 금속과 결합하는 자리에서 떨어져 나온 수소이온의 농도가 증가하기 때문이다. In this study on the metal ion adsorption by the traditional korean teas, it is turned out to be very effective to use the traditional korean tea, for removing harmful heavy metals in water. Lead ion(Ⅱ) is adsorbed by Corn tea, Green tea and Cassiotoralinne tea. Cadmium ion(Ⅱ) is adsorbed by Barley tea, Green tea and Cassiotoralinne tea. Doochung tea is much more effective in removing heavy metals than the other teas used in this study. And ?? is well adsorbed by many teas except Corn tea. The traditional korean teas adsorb heavy metal-cation but don't adsorb anion like ??, ??, and ??, so the traditional korean teas are cation-exchanger. Elimination rate of tea adsorption on heavy metals of high oxidation number metal ion [ex : As(Ⅲ)] is low because the metals need more cation-exchangers. While boiling the teas, the pH of teas are reduced by degrees of pH5∼6. It is because that the number of hydrogen ion is increased by exchanging hydrogen ion with metal ion.

租稅法規定과 租稅賦課에 관한 問題點 硏究

崔三喆 釜山大學校 師範大學 1996 교사교육연구 Vol.32 No.-

There are many ploblems in the recent tax law and levy. This study is to research and analyze those ploblems, and them to amend them correct and legal. All the tax should be imposed equally and also, tax law should be applied legally to all the people. In order to attain this object, I researched and analyzed all the recent tax law and tax imposing system. So I found many ploblems, and suggested the most legal tax laws and tax imposing systems to the tax law making and imposing organizations as follows. First, tax levy must be made to receive revenue for the national development. Second, tax law must be applied equally to all the taxpayer. Last, all the tax public servant must be worked and imposed tax by the tax law and imposing principle.

자동차용 배터리의 방전 특성 연구

서삼희,이학우,김준범 울산대학교 1999 공학연구논문집 Vol.30 No.2

본 연구에서는 자동차에 탑재되는 배터리와 전기를 소모하는 부속장비와의 관계를 고찰하기 위하여 시뮬레이션 소프트웨어에 채용할 특정 배터리에 대한 수식적 모델을 제시하고자 자동차 배터리의 방전 특성에 대한 실험을 수행하였다. 배터리의 service history (최근의 충.방전과 정지 시간)는 용량에 영향을 미치므로, 본 연구에서는 일정한 온도와 방전율로 제한된 조건인 한국산업표준규격에 따라 자동차용 배터리에 적용되는 중부하실험 및 경부하실험과 보유용량실험을 수행하였다. 배터리 방전시 전압의 변화를 시간과 cycle에 대한 다항식으로 변환하여 시뮬레이션 소프트웨어의 입력변수로 활용하였다. The experiments were conducted to get discharge behavior of an automotive battery. Capacity of battery is affected by the service history, and the life test should be conducted under specific condition of temperature and discharge rate. Life test of heavy load, light load, and reserve capacity were performed under the guidance of Korean industrial standard battery test. The voltage variation of the battery during life test was transformed to polynomial equation to be used as an input variable of simulation software.

복부장기의 부검술기 및 주의점

조갑래 大韓法醫學會 1998 대한법의학회지 Vol.22 No.2

The dissection in forensic case is basically similar to any other sutopsy, with variations according to the nature of the death and the needs of the particular investigation. There are a number of manuals devoted to the performance of an autopsy and here only an outline of the technique to examining abdominal organs and described some postmortem artefacts. There are many facets of the autopsy, and there are a number of associated matters. Thus procedure of the autopsy is properly operated according to the circumstances.

교환 관계에서 심리적 계약의 역할에 관한 소고

이감용 천안대학교 2001 천안외국어대학논문집 Vol.- No.1

Interpersonal and interorganizational channel relationships are similar in some respects and differ in other respects. But research on the development, maintenance, and dissolution of interpersonal relationships might provide useful insights for developing theories concerning channel relationships.This study review the psychological contract in exchange relationship. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of psychological contract. The theoretical foundation of this research is based on the previous researches related to the exchange relationship, interpersonal relationship, and psychol-ogical contract. Strategically implications obtained from this research is as follows: First, there are things that are expected internally by retailer when dealing with supplier, which may be and may not be written contract. This reveals that it is important for suppliers to manage unwritten and implicit expectation and promise better than written contract when dealing with retailers. Second, it is suggested that not only the organizational factors which has been regarded as of great importance but also the personal characteristics and interpersonal relationship can be affected to exchange relationship. In other words, it is stated that the formation and preservation of interpersonal rela-tionship with retailer should be reminded better than concentration of success of exchange.

심혈관계질환으로 사망한 성인형다낭신 3예 보고

양경무,권일훈,조갑래,서중석 大韓法醫學會 1999 대한법의학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Adult polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disease characterized by bilateral multiple renal cysts and is transmitted as an autosomal dominant traits. The disease usually manifests in the fourth decade of life. The affected patients usually die with end stage renal failure, cardiovascular assaults and infection etc. Cardiovascular assaults include ruptured berry aneurysm, spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage, acute myocardial infarction, dissecting aortic aneurysm and hypertensive heart failure. Fatal intracranial hemorrhage and hypertensive heart failure occur in 15% and 2% of patients, respectively. Genetically-dater-mined structural weakness in the arterial wall have been suggested as a possible factor in the genesis of berry aneurysm. We have experienced three autopsy cases with cardiovascular causes of sudden death. Two cases have intracranial hemorrahage (1 berry aneurysm and 1 intracerebral hemorrhage) and the remaining one is dead with hypertensive cardiomyopathy. All of them are aged over 40 years and associated with polycystic liver disease. Histologically, myriad cysts of enlarged bilateral kidney are lined by single layer of cuboidal cells with focal hyperplastic epithelial configuration. Diffusely scattered liver cysts are also lined by flat to cuboidal epithelium and often associated with portal fibrosis.

Intermittent Self-catheterization in Older Adults: Predictors of Success for Technique Learning

Claire Hentzen,Rebecca Haddad,Samer Sheikh Ismael,Benoit Peyronnet,Xavier Gamé,Pierre Denys,Gilberte Robain,Gérard Amarenco 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2018 International Neurourology Journal Vol.22 No.1

Purpose: The main goal of this retrospective study is to explore the predictors of success in learning clean intermittent selfcatheterization (CISC) in patients over 65 years of age. The secondary goal is to assess whether in this population, the risk of failure to perform CISC is greater, compared with patients under 65 with similar pathologies. Methods: All patients older than 65 consulting between January 2011 and January 2016 for learning CISC were included. A control population younger than 65 matching with sex, body mass index, and pathology was selected. Results: One hundred sixty-nine of the 202 patients (83.7%) over 65 succeeded in learning CISC. Obesity (P<0.05), low pencil and paper test (PP test) (P<0.01) and low functional independence measure (FIM) (P<0.01) scores were risk factors of failure. No significant differences were found with sex or pathology. In multivariate analysis, low PP test perineum access (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 2.30 [1.32–4.42]), low FIM motor (1.04 [1.01–1.08]), and FIM cognition (1.18 [1.03–1.37]) scores were independent factors of learning failure. Compared to control group, age over 65 was not predictive of failure (P=0.15). Conclusions: Our study shows that success in learning CISC does not depend on age but on difficulties in mobility, access to perineum and probably cognitive disorders.

Final report for the APMP.T-K4: Comparison of realizations of aluminium freezing-point temperatures

Gam, K S,Joung, W,Yamazawa, K,Cheung, C P,Kho, H Y,Wang, L,Tsai, S F,Norranim, U,Hafidzah, O,Gupta, J K Springer-Verlag 2013 Metrologia Vol.50 No.-

<P>The comparison APMP.T-K4 is the regional extension of the CCT-K4: an intercomparison of the realizations of the freezing-points of Al (660.323 °C) and Ag (961.78 °C). The comparison was organized in two loops and four sub-loops with high temperature standard platinum resistance thermometers (HTSPRTs) as transfer thermometers in the freezing-point comparisons. The comparison involved eight APMP NMIs (KRISS, NMIJ, SCL, NMC, CMS, NIMT, SIRIM, NPL), and KRISS and NMIJ acted as linking laboratories to the CCT-K4.</P><P>The transfer HTSPRTs showed a strong drift during the transportation between the NMIs. In the case of the Ag freezing-point comparison, the comparison results were scattered much more than expected. In the APMP meeting held in 2009, the participants agreed that the Ag comparison results would be omitted in the report. It revealed that the measurement results at the Al freezing-point of participants were in agreement with the key comparison reference value of the CCT-K4 within 4 mK except for one laboratory. Details of the comparison results, the uncertainty evaluation and the drift of the HTSPRTs are described in this report.</P><P>Main text.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.</P><P>The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCT, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).</P>

A study on the fatigue analysis for a vertical caisson on FPSO subjected to the nonlinear wave loading

Gam, MinJu,Jang, Beom-Seon,Park, JungHo Elsevier 2017 Ocean engineering Vol.137 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A cylindrical type hull appurtenance attached to the side hull like a seawater caisson or a riser tube is subject to the drag force and inertia force defined by the Morison equation, as well as global hull girder loads. When performing fatigue analysis for a structure subject to Morison load, the nonlinearity of drag term in the Morison equation should be taken into account for an exact structural safety assessment in an appropriate way. This research proposes a time domain approach (Level II method) in order to take into account the nonlinearity, as well as a proper combination of local hotspot stress induced by the Morison load and global hull girder stress. It is based on a representation of irregular wave as a combination of a large number of regular waves. It enables for reflecting phase angle differences of particle velocities along the vertical tube. The phase difference with global stress is also taken into account. The method also includes the vertical motion of the caisson and the wave elevation above the mean water line. The nonlinearity of drag term can be treated by linearizing the drag term in the frequency domain analysis. For the frequency domain approach, Level I method using a linearization coefficient is proposed to yield a fatigue damage equivalent to the time domain analysis. It incorporates the different contributions of horizontal velocities along the vertical tube on the hotspot stress at a connecting bracket on the side hull. The proposed methods are verified through a caisson in FPSO example and various comparative studies. Various comparative studies are performed for a verification of spectral code, an evaluation of rain flow counting effect and the combination of motion and stretching effect, a verification of rain flow counting(RFC) code and linearization coefficient. Through these case studies, it is found that the proposed spectral fatigue analysis with linearized Morison’s force results in a good agreement with time domain analysis with a drastic reduction of computational time. In this paper, a FPSO model with a seawater caisson is used as a verification example. The proposed methods are expected to be applied to many similar tubular structures on the side of floating offshore structure, such as, riser guide tube, protection frame for riser guide tube, collision protector and so on. In addition, jacket or jack-up rig consisting of tubular members could be good applications.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This paper proposes fatigue analysis procedures for a vertical caisson. </LI> <LI> The nonlinearity of Morison equation is considered in the time domain approach. </LI> <LI> A use of linearization coefficient in the frequency domain analysis is proposed. </LI> </UL> </P>

Communication-Theoretic Analysis of Capture-Based Networks

Gam D. Nguyen,Jeffrey E. Wieselthier,Anthony Ephremides 한국통신학회 2012 Journal of communications and networks Vol.14 No.3

Under the power-based capture model, a transmission is successfully received at the destination, even in the presence of other transmissions and background noise, if the received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio exceeds a capture threshold. We evaluate the spectral efficiency of simple multi-user channels by combining the basic capture model with a communicationtheoretic model. The result is a more refined capture model that incorporates key system design parameters (such as achievable bit rate, target bit error rate, channel bandwidth, and modulation signal constellations) that are absent from the basic capture model. The relationships among these parameters can serve as a tool for optimizing the network performance.