갤런 뉴먼(Galen Newman)_도시재생: 유비쿼터스 도시 현상, 그리고 대응방안

갤런 뉴먼(Galen Newman),김보아(Boah Kim) 국토연구원 2017 국토 : planning and policy Vol.425 No.-

Globalization, Religion, Conflict

Galen Amstutz 동아대학교 동아시아연구원 2008 동아시아 : 비교와 전망 Vol.6 No.3

자본주의, 다원주의, 혼종성을 특징으로 하는 오늘날의 세계적 상황은 가속화된 초국적 문화의 흐름이라는 세계화와 실존적 해석(narratives) 혹은 ‘신성성(mythicity)’의 형태로서의 종교 간의 새로운 복잡한 관계를 창출했다. 또한 변화하는 세계적 상황은 급진적 이슬람 테러리즘과 같은 종교적 갈등뿐만 아니라 종교적으로 다원적이지만 정치적으로 세속적인 국가 개념에 대한 보편적인 접근을 가능하게 하는 새로운 상황을 만들었다. 향후 미래는 매우 불투명하다. 다만 확실한 것은 종교에 대한 보다 광범위하고 깊이 있는 교육이 필요하다는 것이다. The contemporary world situation (capitalism, pluralism, hybridity) has created complex new relationships between globalization (accelerated transnational cultural flows) and religions (existential narratives or forms of “mythicity”). It has also produced new circumstances for religious conflict (radical Islamic terrorism) as well as universal access to the concept of the religiously plural but politically secular state. With the future unclear, the only certainty is that better education about religions is needed.

A Critical Assessment for Sport Management Research: Comparing PLS-SEM and CB-SEM Techniques for Moderation Analysis Using Formative Measures

Galen T. Trail,Yu Kyoum Kim,Priscila Alfaro-Barrantes 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2024 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.9 No.1

Historically, researchers in the sport management area have used covariance based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) when testing complex models. Recently, researchers have been using partial least squares path modeling (often called PLS-SEM) more frequently. The purpose of this paper was to advise sport man-agement researchers about what approach to use by comparing PLS-SEM versus CB-SEM analytical techniques on the two different types of models: a formative (composite indicator) multigroupmodel and, a formative (composite indicator) continuous interactionmodel. We collected data from individuals (N = 1155) in the New England area (USA). After testing a base model, a multigroup model, and a continuous interaction model, we feel that PLS-SEM is the better choice for sport management researchers when test-ing formative models that use a composite variable. Our research shows when and why each technique works, in addition to show-ing that PLS-SEM moderation and multigroup models with forma-tive items can work in the R statistical software.1. IntroductionHistorically, researchers in the sport management area have used covariance based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) when testing models that were assumed to include error, have a solid theoretical framework, and were interested in “confirming” a structural model, including measurement models (e.g. Asada & Ko, 2019; Bang et al., 2019; Chang et al., 2020; Jones & Byon, 2020; Larkin et al., 2015; among many others). Recently, however, some in the sport management field have been using a variance-based estimation method, partial least squares path modeling (often called PLS-SEM), in situations where the use of CB-SEM was either difficult or PLS-SEM seemed like a more feasible analytic technique (e.g. Kim et al., 2018; King et al., 2017; Koo & Lee, 2019). However, Rigdon et al. (2017) noted, “the choice of © 2022 Global alliance of Marketing & Management associations (GaMMa)CONTACTGalen t. trail trailg@seattleu.edu Sport administration & leadership, Seattle university, Seattle, Wa, uSahttps://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2022.2098802ARTICLE HISTORYReceived 28 September 2021Revised 6 May 2022Accepted 21 May 2022KEYWORDSCB-SEM; PLS-SEM; formative multigroup model; formative continuous interaction model; R statistical software

Random DNA fragmentation allows detection of single-copy, single-exon alterations of copy number by oligonucleotide array CGH in clinical FFPE samples

Hostetter, Galen,Kim, Su Young,Savage, Stephanie,Gooden, Gerald C.,Barrett, Michael,Zhang, Jian,Alla, Lalitamba,Watanabe, April,Einspahr, Janine,Prasad, Anil,Nickoloff, Brian J.,Carpten, John,Trent, J Oxford University Press 2010 Nucleic acids research Vol.38 No.2

<P>Genomic technologies, such as array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), increasingly offer definitive gene dosage profiles in clinical samples. Historically, copy number profiling was limited to large fresh-frozen tumors where intact DNA could be readily extracted. Genomic analyses of pre-neoplastic tumors and diagnostic biopsies are often limited to DNA processed by formalin-fixation and paraffin-embedding (FFPE). We present specialized protocols for DNA extraction and processing from FFPE tissues utilizing DNase processing to generate randomly fragmented DNA. The protocols are applied to FFPE clinical samples of varied tumor types, from multiple institutions and of varied block age. Direct comparative analyses with regression coefficient were calculated on split-sample (portion fresh/portion FFPE) of colorectal tumor samples. We show equal detection of a homozygous loss of <I>SMAD4</I> at the exon-level in the SW480 cell line and gene-specific alterations in the split tumor samples. aCGH application to a set of archival FFPE samples of skin squamous cell carcinomas detected a novel hemizygous deletion in INPP5A on 10q26.3. Finally we present data on derivative of log ratio, a particular sensitive detector of measurement variance, for 216 sequential hybridizations to assess protocol reliability over a wide range of FFPE samples.</P>

Great Expectations: Washington, Beijing, and the North Korean Nuclear Crisis

( Ted Galen Carpenter ) 한국국방연구원 2006 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.18 No.4

Throughout the North Korean nuclear crisis, the Bush administration has believed that China is the most crucial player in the effort to find a solution. Washington has frequently expressed disappointment that Beijing is not willing to put more pressure on its misbehaving client. China faces a dilemma, however. Although most evidence indicates that Chinese leaders are not happy about Pyongyang`s quest for nuclear weapons, keeping the Korean peninsula nonnuclear is not China`s highest priority. Beijing is even more concerned about preserving North Korea as a geographic buffer between the U.S. sphere of influence in Northeast Asia and the Chinese homeland. China does have substantial economic leverage over North Korea, since it supplies a major portion of the country`s food and energy supplies. The PRC is cautious, however, about using that leverage to coerce Pyongyang regarding the nuclear issue. Chinese leaders fear that putting too much pressure on Kim Jong Il`s regime could cause the North Korean state to unravel, leading to massive refugee flows into China and the emergence of a united Korea allied to the United States. The latter development would put American military forces in a country directly on the border of the PRC, something that Chinese officials would consider highly undesirable. Washington needs to be more realistic about China`s willingness to put pressure on Pyongyang. Beijing will try to be helpful on the nuclear problem, as it has been already, but China sees itself as an intermediary in the crisis, not as a U.S. partner in a campaign to coerce North Korea. Given Washington`s high expectations and China`s ongoing caution, the potential exists for serious misunderstandings and significant damage to the U.S.-PRC relationship.

Ending South Korea`s Unhealthy Security Dependence

( Ted Galen Carpenter ) 한국국방연구원 1994 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.6 No.1

The Mutual Security Treaty between the United States and the Republic of Korea (ROK) is no longer in the best interests of either party. The alleged benefits to the United States of the military relationship are increasingly diffi- cult to identify. Maintaining the forces needed to come to the aid of South Korea costs American taxpayers billions of dollars each year. The US troops stationed on the peninsula would also be disastrously entangled in any con- flict that erupted between North and South Korea. Moreover, one of the dangers entailed in shielding the ROK from aggres- sion may soon be the need to deter a nuclear-armed North Korea. Contrary to the belief of those who contend that Pyongyang`s nuclear program demon- strates the need to preserve the US-South Korean alliance, the increased risk to American forces is another argument for prompt disengagement. The risk of nuclear war should never be undertaken except in defense of a nation`s most vital interests, and in the post-Cold war world, South Korea is a periph- eral, not a vital, US interest. Although the alliance with the United States saves South Korean taxpay- ers $10 billion to $12 billion a year in additional military expenditures, the ROK`s status as a US security dependent contains serious liabilities for the Korean people. Seoul relies on the United States to a dangerous degree for air and naval power and other crucial components of its defense. That reliance could prove fatal in a crisis if the US response were tardy or insufficient. The Clinton administration`s initial intent to adopt a "win-hold-win```` strategy for dealing with two simultaneous regional conflicts underscored the potential danger, as ROK officials immediately recognized. The ROKs security dependence also creates a more subtle peril. Seoul could be dragged into a needless conflict beecause of actions taken by its protector. A decision by Washington to take harsh measures against North Korea in the ongoing dispute over Pyongyang`s nuclear program, for exam- ple, could easily trigger a general war on the peninsula. Yet Seoul has little control over policy on a matter that so directly affects its vital interests. ROK leaders can only urge their US counterparts to be prudent and hope they will remain so. Washington should establish a definite timetable (which should not exceed three years) for the withdrawal of all US forces and the termination of the Mutual Security Treaty. A three-year transition period would give the ROK adequate time to build up its conventional forces and to decide whether to acquire a modest nuclear arsenal to deter the North. South Korea, with twice the population of the North and an economy twelve times as large, has the resources to develop whatever forces are needed to protect its security. A pol- icy of self-reliance is also, on balance, in the ROK`s own best interest.

Great Expectations:Washington, Beijing, and the North Korean Nuclear Crisis

Ted Galen Carpenter 한국국방연구원 2006 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.15 No.4

A Hedging Strategy is Needed Toward North Korea

( Ted Galen Carpenter ) 한국국방연구원 2004 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.16 No.1

The U.S.-led campaign to pressure North Korea into abandoning its quest for nuclear weapons has encountered numerous difficulties. One reason for the lack of progress is that it is unclear why Pyongyang repudiated the 1994 Agreed Framework and is seeking a nuclear weapons capability. It is possible that the DPRK regime is merely using its program as bargaining leverage to obtain concessions from the United States and the nations of East Asia and would be willing to remain non-nuclear in exchange for such concessions. But it is equally possible that North Korea, for reasons of both prestige and security, is deadly serious about becoming a nuclear weapons state. The first scenario means that the crisis probably can be resolved through diplomacy; the second suggests that the crisis will intensify. In any case, Washington`s strategy of forging a common front among Pyongyang`s neighbors to pressure the regime has not yet produced meaningful results. That is especially true of the reliance on China to exert the necessary diplomatic and economic pressure. Although the PRC is in the best position to influence North Korea, the Beijing government is reluctant to use that leverage. The United States needs a hedging strategy in the event that the DPRK will not relinquish its nuclear ambitions. Preemptive military action is not a realistic option, since it would likely trigger a disastrous war on the Korean Peninsula. Instead, America`s fallback strategy should be to deter North Korea by making it clear that any transfer of nuclear weapons or technology to terrorist organizations or rogue states would mean war.

Winning, Spectator Mood, and Unplanned Buying of Sport-team Licensed Apparel: A Dual Information Processing Perspective

권형일,Galen T. Trail 한국체육학회 2010 International journal of human movement science Vol.4 No.2

This study examined unplanned buying behavior of sport team licensed merchandise using the dual information processing system (heuristic and systematic) of Chaiken and colleagues (Chaiken, Giner-Sorolla, & Chen, 1996). Sport consumers are expected to experience positive or negative moods after they watch their team play. Participants (36 males and 24 females) were randomly assigned to three groups (positive outcome, control, and negative outcome) and positive and negative moods were induced with video clips of the games of the university football team. The results indicated that the participants in a positive mood state were able to recall less information about the licensed merchandise presented and were more likely to engage in unplanned buying behavior than ones in a negative mood state. Possible marketing implications and suggestions for future study were also discussed.

Esports Sponsorship: An Empirical Examination of Esports Consumers’ Perceptions of Non-Endemic Sponsors

Marcel Huettermann,Galen T. Trail,Anthony D. Pizzo,Valerio Stallone 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.8 No.2

Traditional sport organizations and their sponsors are beginning to embrace esports, but the effectiveness of non-endemic sponsorships in esports remains uncertain. Esports consumers are notoriously hostile to organizations they perceive as seeking to exploit them – including the growing ranks of non-endemics seeking to capitalize on the youth- and tech-centric esports industry. The purpose of this study is to evaluate esports consumers’ perceptions of non-endemic sponsorships. We adapt a well established sport sponsorship model to the context of esports to test key relationships’ salience to sponsors. We demonstrate that non-endemic sponsors can benefit from esports team sponsorship through enhanced attitudes, perceived goodwill, and product purchase intentions. Moreover, we find that there is only a small effect of esports brand attitude on attitude toward the sponsor, yet a larger effect on perceived goodwill and product purchase intentions. This suggests that firms with limited marketing budgets can benefit from increased goodwill and purchase intentions by sponsoring emerging esports teams who provide low-cost sponsorship opportunities.