Spectral SFEM analysis of structures with stochastic parameters under stochastic excitation

Galal, O.H.,El-Tahan, W.,El-Tawil, M.A.,Mahmoud, A.A. Techno-Press 2008 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.28 No.3

In this paper, linear elastic isotropic structures under the effects of both stochastic operators and stochastic excitations are studied. The analysis utilizes the spectral stochastic finite elements (SSFEM) with its two main expansions namely; Neumann and Homogeneous Chaos expansions. The random excitation and the random operator fields are assumed to be second order stochastic processes. The formulations are obtained for the system solution of the two dimensional problems of plane strain and plate bending structures under stochastic loading and relevant rigidity using the previously mentioned expansions. Two finite element programs were developed to incorporate such formulations. Two illustrative examples are introduced: the first is a reinforced concrete culvert with stochastic rigidity subjected to a stochastic load where the culvert is modeled as plane strain problem. The second example is a simply supported square reinforced concrete slab subjected to out of plane loading in which the slab flexural rigidity and the applied load are considered stochastic. In each of the two examples, the first two statistical moments of displacement are evaluated using both expansions. The probability density function of the structure response of each problem is obtained using Homogeneous Chaos expansion.

Digital subtraction radiography in TMJ imaging: A critique

Galal Omami 대한영상치의학회 2017 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.47 No.3

Basic principles and applications of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in oral and maxillofacial imaging: A pictorial essay

Galal Omami,Dania Tamimi,Barton F. Branstetter 대한영상치의학회 2014 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.44 No.4

A combination of positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-labeled fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (18F-FDG) and computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) has increasingly become a widely used imaging modality for the diagnosis and management of head and neck cancer. On the basis of both recent literature and our professional experience, we present a set of principles with pictorial illustrations and clinical applications of FDG-PET/CT in the evaluation and management planning of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx. We feel that this paper will be of interest and will aid the learning of oral and maxillofacial radiology trainees and practitioners.

Utilizing Semi-Natural Antibacterial Cellulose to Prepare Safe Azo Disperse Dyes and Their Application in Textile Printing

Galal A. M. Nawwar,Khlood S. Abdel Zaher,Elkhabiry Shaban,Nora M. A. El-Ebiary 한국섬유공학회 2020 Fibers and polymers Vol.21 No.6

The present study describes the synthesis of three new antibacterial azo disperse dyes from different diazotizedaryl amines (aniline, 2-aminothiazole, and sulfathiazole), followed by their reactions with a novel nontoxic antibacterialcyanoacetyl microcrystalline cellulose derivative (a) as a coupling component. The structures of the dyes were confirmed andelucidated by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The new dyes were also tested for antibacterial activity and toxicity, and theywere utilized for silk screen printing polyester and nylon 6 fabrics. The color strength and fastness properties of the dyes havebeen investigated, and they exhibited high resistance to washing, perspiration, and rubbing as well as fastness to sublimationand light. Moreover, the new dyes were tested for antibacterial activity on the printed polyester and nylon 6 fabrics.

Efficacy of combining ING4 and TRAIL genes in cancer-targeting gene virotherapy strategy: first evidence in preclinical hepatocellular carcinoma

Galal El-Shemi, A,Mohammed Ashshi, A,Oh, E,Jung, B-K,Basalamah, M,Alsaegh, A,Yun, C-O Nature Publishing Group 2018 Gene Therapy Vol.25 No.1

<P>Current treatments of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are ineffective and unsatisfactory in many aspects. Cancer-targeting gene virotherapy using oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds) armed with anticancer genes has shown efficacy and safety in clinical trials. Nowadays, both inhibitor of growth 4 (ING4), as a multimodal tumor suppressor gene, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), as a potent apoptosis-inducing gene, are experiencing a renaissance in cancer gene therapy. Herein we investigated the antitumor activity and safety of mono- and combined therapy with OAds armed with ING4 (Ad-ΔB/ING4) and TRAIL (Ad-ΔB/TRAIL) gene, respectively, on preclinical models of human HCC. OAd-mediated expression of ING4 or TRAIL transgene was confirmed. Ad-ΔB/TRAIL and/or Ad-ΔB/ING4 exhibited potent killing effect on human HCC cells (HuH7 and Hep3B) but not on normal liver cells. Most importantly, systemic therapy with Ad-ΔB/ING4 plus Ad-ΔB/TRAIL elicited more eradicative effect on an orthotopic mouse model of human HCC than their monotherapy, without causing obvious overlapping toxicity. Mechanistically, Ad-ΔB/ING4 and Ad-ΔB/TRAIL were remarkably cooperated to induce antitumor apoptosis and immune response, and to repress tumor angiogenesis. This is the first study showing that concomitant therapy with Ad-ΔB/ING4 and Ad-ΔB/TRAIL may provide a potential strategy for HCC therapy and merits further investigations to realize its possible clinical translation.</P>

Colon Cancer among Older Saudis: Awareness of Risk Factors and Early Signs, and Perceived Barriers to Screening

Galal, Yasmine Samir,Amin, Tarek Tawfik,Alarfaj, Abdulelah Khalid,Almulhim, Abdulaziz Abdullah,Aljughaiman, Abdullah Abdulmohsen,Almulla, Abdulrhaman Khaled,Abdelhai, Rehab Ahmed Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.4

Background: Colon cancer screening (CRCS) uptake is markedly affected by public awareness of the disease. This study was conducted to assess levels of knowledge of CRC, to explore the pattern of CRCS uptake and identify possible barriers to screening among Saudis older than 50 years of age and primary care providers (PCPs) in Al Hassa region, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in randomly selected primary health care (PHC) centers, 884 Saudis and 39 PCPs being enrolled for data collection. Structured interviews were conducted to obtain information regarding socio-demographic characteristics, personal information relevant to CRC, awareness about early signs/symptoms and risk factors, and barriers to CRCS. Also, a self- administered data collection form was used to assess barriers to CRCS from the physicians' perspectives. Results: More than 66% of participants were lacking knowledge about CRC. Participants with higher educational levels, having ever heard about CRC, and having relatives with CRC had a significantly higher awareness of the disease. The rate of reported CRCS was low (8.6%). After conducting a logistic regression analysis, it was observed that female gender (OR=0.28; 95% CI=0.14-0.57; P=0.001), being unmarried (OR=0.11; 95% CI=0.10-0.23; P=0.001), lower levels of education (OR=0.36; 95% CI=0.16-0.82; P=0.015), and having no relatives with CRC (OR=0.30; 95% CI=0.17-0.56; P=0.001) were significantly associated with a lower CRCS uptake. There was a significant difference between most of the perceived barriers to CRCS and gender. Exploratory factor analysis showed that personal fear (especially fear of the screening results and shyness) was the major factor that hindered CRCS with high loading Eigen value of 2.951, explaining 34.8% of the barriers of the included sample toward utilization of CRCS, followed by lack of awareness of both person and providers (high Eigen value of 2.132, and explaining 23.7% of the barriers). The most frequently cited barriers to CRCS from the physicians' perspectives were lack of public awareness, lack of symptoms and signs, and fear of painful procedures. Conclusions: Poor levels of knowledge about CRC were found among older Saudis attending PHC centers in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. It is crucial to implement an organized national screening program in Saudi Arabia to increase public awareness.

Oral and maxillofacial radiology: The challenge of change

Galal Omami 대한영상치의학회 2015 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.45 No.4

Parametric studies on punching shear behavior of RC flat slabs without shear reinforcement

Galal Elsamak,Sabry Fayed 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2020 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.25 No.4

This paper proposed a numerical investigation based on finite elements analysis (FEA) in order to study the punching shear behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) flat slabs using ABAQUS and SAP2000 programs. Firstly, the concrete and the steel reinforcements were modeled by hexahedral 3D solid and linear elements respectively, and the nonlinearity of the used materials was considered. In order to validate this model, experimental results considered in literature were compared with the proposed FE model. After validation, a parametric study was performed. The parameters include the slab thickness, the flexure reinforcement ratios and the axial membrane loads. Then, to reduce the time of FEA, a simplified modelling using 3D layered shell element and shear hinge concept was also induced. The effect of the footings settlement was studied using the proposed simplified nonlinear model as a case study. Results of numerical models showed that increase of the slab thickness by 185.7% enhanced the ultimate load by 439.1%, accompanied with a brittle punching failure. The punching failure occurred in one of the tested specimens when the tensile reinforcement ratio increased more than 0.65% and the punching capacity improved with increasing the horizontal flexural reinforcement; it decreased by 30% with the settlement of the outer footings.

Flavonoids from two Cupressaceae Plants

Galal T. Maatooq,Saleh H. ElSharkawy,Mohamed S. Afifi,Jack P. N. Rosazza 한국생약학회 1998 Natural Product Sciences Vol.4 No.1

Jeceidin, jaceidin-7-O-methylether, and quercetin were isolated from-Juniperus phoenicea L. alcoholic extract, however, Sequoiaflavone was isolated from Cupressus semperiverns L. In addition, the alcoholic extracts of both plants were found to contain also kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, quercetrin, myrictrin, cupressuflavone. The chemical identities of the isolated compounds were established using UV, IR, ^1H-and 13^C-NMR spectroscopy.

Lateral force-displacement ductility relationship of non-ductile squat RC columns rehabilitated using FRP confinement

Galal, K. Techno-Press 2007 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.25 No.1

Post-earthquake reconnaissance and experimental research indicate that squat reinforced concrete (RC) columns in existing buildings or bridge piers are vulnerable to non-ductile shear failure. Recently, several experimental studies were conducted to investigate upgrading the shear resistance capacity of such columns in order to modify their failure mode to ductile one. Among these upgrading methods is the use of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) jackets. One of the preferred analytical tools to simulate the response of frame structures to earthquake loading is the lumped plasticity macromodels due to their computational efficiency and reasonable accuracy. In these models, the columns' nonlinear response is lumped at its ends. The most important input data for such type of models is the element's lateral force-displacement backbone curve. The objective of this study is to verify an analytical method to predict the lateral force-displacement ductility relationship of axially and laterally loaded rectangular RC squat columns retrofitted with FRP composites. The predicted relationship showed good accuracy when compared with tests available in the literature.