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조상과 후손의 만남에 대한 동서양 다원적 패러다임 연구 -주자의 감응이론과 칼융의 동시성이론을 중심으로-
박재갑 ( Jae-gahb Park ),고재석 ( Jae-suk Go ),전철 ( Chul Chun ) 충남대학교 유학연구소 2016 儒學硏究 Vol.34 No.-
우리 주위에서 인과관계를 알지 못하는 현상들을 드물지 않게 접한다. 이러한 현상들은 사실이 아니라고 보기보다는 어떠한 중요한 사실을 아직 알지 못하였기 때문에 이해가 안 되는 것이 아닌지 반문하게 한다. 이 글에서 근거로 삼은 자료는 논문의 공동필자인 박재갑 교수 집안에서 일어난 두 가지 사건이다. 첫째는 박재갑 교수의 15대 조상으로 1545년에 돌아가신 필재 박광우의 시신을 이장하는 날 밤, 사촌 형인 박재학의 꿈에 필재 할아버지가 나타나 자신이 소장하였던 방울을 찾아오라는 말을 듣고, 이후 파주에 가서 방울을 소장하고 있던 사람에게 방울을 찾아온 사건이다. 둘째는 박재갑 교수의 부친이 돌아가신 날 이모의 출가한 딸 꿈에 박재갑 교수의 부친이 금시계를 가지고 나타나신 꿈을 꾸었다. 이모의 딸은 이모부가 돌아가신 줄도 모르고 있었고 더욱이 이모부의 아들 부부가 금시계를 사갖고 온 것을 알 수가 없었는데, 금시계와 관련된 꿈을 꾼 일련의 사건이다. 과학을 주류 패러다임으로 삼고 있는 현대문명에서 보면, 신비롭고 기이한 현상은 그저우리가 확인하지 못하는 일상이나 정신현상의 일부일 수도 있다. 그런데 주자(朱熹,1130~1200)의 감응이론과 칼 구스타프 융(Carl Gustav Jung, 1875~1961)의 동시성이론은 인과관계를 알 수 없는 현상들에 대해 각기 다른 해석을 내놓는다. 인과관계를 알 수 없는 현상은 제한적 합리성의 완고한 세계관 자체가 균열되는 사건이며, 동시에 우리의 삶이 이해의 영역을 넘어선 광대한 현실에서 펼쳐지는 사건임을 말해준다. 실로 미지의 우주, 그리고 삶과 죽음에 대한 다원적 패러다임의 폭넓은 수용과 진지한 대화가 더 요청되는 시대이다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구에서는 조상과 후손의 만남, 감응, 현현의 사례를 성리학의 감응이론과 칼 구스타프 융의 동시성이론의 관점에서 조명하고자 한다. We frequently witness phenomena which occur around us, not revealing the causal relationship. We can ask ourselves whether such phenomena are hard to understand not because they are not true facts but because they are beyond our understanding. The reference data for such a phenomenon in this article are the two events that had occurred in the family of Professor Jae-Gahb Park, one of the co-authors of this article. Firstly, on the eve of the night when his fifteenth-generation ancestor’s grave was to be moved, his ancestor appeared in his consin’s dream, telling him to go and find the bell that his ancestor had cherished. Accordingly, his father and relatives went to Paju county, where his ancestor’s grave is located, to remove the grave to another place. In the process, his father told the participants what his consin had dreamt of including a grave keeper who had kept the bell after reburial. The grave keeper returned it to his father after hearing from him. Secondly, On the day when Professor Park’s father died, his father appeared in the dream of his maternal aunt’s married daughter, carrying a gold watch with him. She was not aware that Professor Park’s father was dead. Furthermore, Neither did she know that Professor Park‘s old brother and his wife in America had bought the gold watch for his father. These two cases are representative examples of ancestors’ revelation through dream. According to the modern civilization which regards sciences as its mainstream paradigm, such mystical and arcane phenomena are just a part of mental phenomena that we cannot verify with our knowledge. However, there are two scholars presenting different explanations about the phenomena of which the causal relationship is not understood yet: Carl Gustav Jung (1875~1961)’s phenomenon of synchronicity and Zhu Xi (朱熹, 1130~1200)’s theory of correlation. A phenomenon whose causal relationship is not understood yet is an event in which the obstinate outlook of the restrictive rationality breaks off, and at the same time our life spreads into the vast realm transcending our understanding. We are living in an era when more discussions on the unknown universe and pluralistic paradigms on the questions about life and death need to be made. In this regard, Gustav Jung’s concept of Synchronicity and Neo-Confucian theory of correlation is instrumental in overcoming the phenomenon and case in which the causality breaks off.
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Invasion and Metastasis in Tumor Growth
Jae Gahb Park 생화학분자생물학회 1989 생화학분자생물학회 소식 Vol.9 No.2
Abundant new information has been gained by investigating the interaction of metastatic tumor cells with the extracellular matrix, especially with BMs. Attachment factors and cell surface receptors such as the laminin receptor may play a role in the anchoring of tumor cells to the endothelial BM. Local degradation of BMs by tumor cells has been observed by many investigators. A cascade of enzymes undoutedly facilitates this degradation. The enzymes are derived from both tumor cells and extraneoplastic sources. Among the most important proteases are the collagenases, plasminogen activators, cathepsins, and endoglycosidases. Understanding the steps involved in metastasis should allow for improved therapy. Although it is unrealistic to hope for a therapeutic modality that can interfere with all steps of the process, e.g. drugs that disrupt the cytoskeleton can retard invasion. The addition of specific inhibitors of glycosidases and proteases (2-acetamido-Zdeoxy- B -D-gluconolactone and leupeptin) can interfere with the ability of tumor cells to degrade ECM. The addition of protease inhibitors, such as leupeptin and pepstatin, to Adriamycin improved therapeutic efficacy in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma and M5076 sarcoma. Thus, inhibiting the invasive phenotype of cells can potentiate adjuvant therapy by a chemotherapeutic agent (11). Cellular heterogeneity during tumor progression has been demonstrated in a number of primary and metastatic tumors. The diversity and instability of tumor cell populations may lead to emergence of highly metastatic clones. Whether the increased metastatic potential is caused by new genetic information introduced into the tumor cell or by augmented expression of genes already turned on during the malignant transformation remains to be determined. Elucidation of the genetic mechanism responsible for induction of cells with metastatic properties will opn a new era in cancer biology.
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Cellular and Molecular Biology of Colorectal and Gastric Cancer Cell Lines
( Jae Gahb Park ) 한국유전학회 1988 Genes & Genomics Vol.10 No.4
We have characterized 14 human colorectal carcinoma cell lines and 4 gastric carcinoma cell lines established by us during the year 1982 to 1987. The in vitro chemosensitivity of these cell lines to seven chemotherapeutic agents and leucovorin was determined using a MTT assay. From assay results, we predict 5-FU to be the sole active agent of the seven tested for colorectal cell lines. A clinically achievable level of leucovorin (20μM) increased the cytotoxicity in all three replicate experiments in 10 of the 11 colorectal cell lines. We have detected mRNA expression of chromogranin A gene in 1 of 14 cell lines and 2 of 13 tumor specimens of colon adenocarcinoma.
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