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Komlan M. Dossou-Yovo,Aboudoulatif Diallo,Povi Lawson-Evi,Tchin Darré,Batomayena Bakoma,Kwashie Eklu-Gadégbéku 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.7
Carissa spinarum L. (Apocynaceae) is used traditionally, in Africa, to treat many diseases such as malaria, sickle cell anemia, epilepsy, helminthoses, and sexual weakness. The aim of this study is to investigate the cytotoxicity on Artemia salina, the acute and subacute (28 days) oral toxicity of C. spinarum hydroalcoholic root extract on Wistar rats. The cytotoxicity was performed on A. salina larvae. The acute and subacute toxicity was performed using Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development guideline. Malondiadehyde as lipoperoxidation marker was evaluated and expressed according to tissue proteins. The cytotoxicity has shown that the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) was 0.9 mg/mL. The limit test dose of 5000 mg/kg did not provoke death or toxicity signs. For the subacute toxicity, no signs of toxicity or mortality were observed during the experiment. Results of biochemical and hematological parameters have not shown any treatment-related abnormalities, except a significant decrease of alkaline phosphatase at 1000 mg/kg (P < .05) and an increase of chloride ion level at 500 mg/kg (P < .01). There was no significant difference between the treated group and the control group concerning the malondialdehyde concentration, the body weight, and the organs relative weight (P < .05), except for testis at 500 mg/kg (P < .05). According to our results, the hydroalcoholic extract of C. spinarum roots is safe when administrated at 500 mg and 1000 mg/kg to Wistar rats for 28 days.
Aleksandra Dimitrijevic´,Ana Joci c,Nebojša Zec,Aleksandar Tot,Snežana Papovi c,Slobodan Gadžuri c,Milan Vraneš,Tatjana Trtic´-Petrovic 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.76 No.-
The novel aqueous biphasic systems based on symmetric imidazolium ionic liquids (IL-ABSs) for theextraction of toxic and resistive dyes from water was studied. The cation symmetricity of ILs stronglyinfluence the outstanding ability of 1,3-dibutylimidazolium dicyanamide, [bbim][dca], to generate ABSwith the exceptionally low amount of eco-friendly citrate salt. A remarkable potential of [bbim][dca]/citrate based ABS to remove Orange II from wastewater with concentration up to 1000 fold and efficiencyabove 99.4% in a single step was achieved. The improved safety of proposed method nominates it aspromising future strategy for pollution prevention.
Gad, W.,Kim, Y. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Vol.18 No.1
<P>Abstract</P><P>An endoparasitoid wasp, <I>Cotesia plutellae</I>, possesses a symbiotic bracovirus (CpBV), which facilitates parasitism of a specific host, such as larvae of the diamondback moth, <I>Plutella xylostella</I>. A viral histone H4 (CpBV-H4) has been found in the CpBV genome and its gene product plays a role in impairing the host insect cellular immune response. Based on its high similarity to histone H4 of <I>P. xylostella</I> apart from its extended N-terminal tail, it has been suspected to alter host gene expression. Histone subunits were purified from parasitized <I>P. xylostella</I> larvae and found to contain both host and viral H4s, confirming a previous report of a possible epigenetic mode of action. Moreover, this study showed that the host H4 levels in the parasitized larvae clearly decreased during the parasitization period, whereas CpBV-H4 levels maintained a significant level without significant changes. To understand the decrease of host H4 levels, transcription levels of host H4 were monitored by quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and showed a significant decrease in parasitized <I>P. xylostella </I>larvae, whereas no significant change of the mRNA level was detected in nonparasitized larvae. This transcriptional control of host H4 expression was also observed by inducing transient expression of CpBV-H4 in nonparasitized <I>P. xylostella</I>. Moreover, co-injection of CpBV-H4 and its specific double-stranded RNA recovered the host H4 expression level. To identify a functional domain of CpBV-H4 involved in the transcriptional control, the extended N-terminal tail of CpBV-H4 was removed by preparing a truncated viral H4 construct in an expression vector by deleting the N-terminal tail of 38 amino acid residues and inducing its expression in nonparasitized <I>P. xylostella </I>larvae. The truncated CpBV-H4 clearly lost its inhibitory effects on host H4 transcription. Moreover, the presence of CpBV-H4 affects the spreading of host haemocytes by an epigenetic effect, which is at least partly restored in larvae expressing the truncated version of CpBV-H4. This study suggests that the viral H4 encoded in CpBV can alter host gene expression with its extended N-terminal tail.</P>
Earthquake ductility and overstrength in residential structures
Gad, E.F.,Chandler, A.M.,Duffield, C.F.,Hutchinson, G.L. Techno-Press 1999 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.8 No.4
This paper reviews aspects of current design procedures for seismic design of structures, and specifically examines their relevance to the design of light framed residential buildings under earthquake loading. The significance of the various structural contributions made by the components of cold formed steel framed residential structures subjected to earthquake induced loadings has been investigated. This is a common form of residential construction worldwide. Particular attention is given to aspects related to ductility and overstrength, the latter arising principally from the contributions of the designated "non-structural" components. Based on both analytical and experimental data obtained from research investigations on steel framed residential structures, typical ranges of the ductility reduction factor and overstrength ratios are determined. It is concluded that the latter parameter has a very significant influence on the seismic design of such structures. Although the numerical ranges for the inelastic seismic parameters given in this paper were obtained for Australian houses, the concepts and the highlighted aspects of seismic design methodology are more widely applicable.
An efficient simulation method of a cyclotron sector-focusing magnet using 2D Poisson code
Gad Elmowla, K.M.M.,Chai, J.S.,Yeon, Y.H.,Kim, S.,Ghergherehchi, M. North-Holland 2016 Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Vol.832 No.-
In this paper we discuss design simulations of a spiral magnet using 2D Poisson code. The Independent Layers Method (ILM) is a new technique that was developed to enable the use of two-dimensional simulation code to calculate a non-symmetric 3-dimensional magnetic field. In ILM, the magnet pole is divided into successive independent layers, and the hill and valley shape around the azimuthal direction is implemented using a reference magnet. The normalization of the magnetic field in the reference magnet produces a profile that can be multiplied by the maximum magnetic field in the hill magnet, which is a dipole magnet made of the hills at the same radius. Both magnets are then calculated using the 2D Poisson SUPERFISH code. Then a fully three-dimensional magnetic field is produced using TOSCA for the original spiral magnet, and the comparison of the 2D and 3D results shows a good agreement between both.
Long-Term (5 Years), High Daily Dosage of Dietary Agmatine—Evidence of Safety: A Case Report
Gad M. Gilad,Varda H. Gilad 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.11
There is presently a great interest in the therapeutic potential of agmatine, decarboxylated arginine, for various diseases. Recent clinical studies have already shown that oral agmatine sulfate given for up to 3 weeks provides a safe and, as compared with current therapeutics, more effective treatment for neuropathic pain. These studies have ushered in the use of dietary agmatine as a nutraceutical. However, in view of information paucity, assessment of long-term safety of oral agmatine treatment is now clearly required. The authors of this report undertook to assess their own health status during ongoing consumption of a high daily dosage of oral agmatine over a period of 4–5 years. A daily dose of 2.67 g agmatine sulfate was encapsulated in gelatin capsules; the regimen consists of six capsules daily, each containing 445mg, three in the morning and three in the evening after meals. Clinical follow-up consists of periodic physical examinations and laboratory blood and urine analyses. All measurements thus far remain within normal values and good general health status is sustained throughout the study period, up to 5 years. This case study shows for the first time that the recommended high dosage of agmatine may be consumed for at least 5 years without evidence of any adverse effects. These initial findings are highly important as they provide significant evidence for the extended long-term safety of a high daily dosage of dietary agmatine—a cardinal advantage for its utility as a nutraceutical.