Trends of Mortality, Time, and Causes of Death in Preterm Infants

( Ga Won Jeon ) 대한주산의학회 2019 Perinatology Vol.30 No.4

Objective: Although survival rate of preterm infants in Korea has increased in the past several decades, it seems to be stable recently. The objective of this study is to evaluate the mortality rate of preterm infants in a single center in Korea between 2009 and 2018. Methods: Preterm infants with gestational age (GA) <30 weeks who were admitted to Busan Paik Hospital (January 2009 to December 2018) were enrolled. Results: The overall mortality rate was 20.8%. Mortality rate decreased from 21.9% in 2009 to 9.2% in 2012. It then increased and reached a plateau at 20%. Mortality rate was 80.0% in those with GA of 22 weeks. It then decreased with increasing GA. It was 2.9% in those with GA of 29 weeks. The risk of death decreased by 0.573 times when GA increased by 1 week. Death immediately after birth was high in infants with GA of 22 weeks. It was rare in infants with GA ≥25 weeks. Death within 24 hours after birth was high in infants with GA ≤24 weeks who were delivered precipitately without appropriate perinatal support. Sepsis was the leading cause of all deaths. High grade intraventricular hemorrhage was the second common cause of death, especially in infants with GA ≤24 weeks. Conclusion: Mortality rate of preterm infants in this study did not decrease. Modifiable factors including delivery with appropriate supports of neonatal resuscitation team and sufficient maternal obstetric care, especially maternal infection control might reduce mortality, especially immediate postnatal death.

간찰 부위에서 발생한 전신형 고리 육아종 1예

허규 ( Gyoo Huh ),이현주 ( Heun-joo Lee ),최영준 ( Young-jun Choi ),김원석 ( Won-serk Kim ),이가영 ( Ga-young Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2021 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.59 No.10

Granuloma annulare (GA) is a common non-infectious granulomatous disease. Generalized GA is the second most common variant of GA. It is often associated with recalcitrant disease progression despite treatment. The lesion of generalized GA typically presents widespread papules that coalesce to form annular plaques over the whole body. We report a case of a patient with disseminated papules and coalescing annular plaques, primarily involving the intertriginous area and mimicking tinea corporis or cruris. Histopathological findings confirmed the lesion as GA. This case underscored the unusual clinical presentation of generalized GA. A case of GA localized to the intertriginous area has rarely been reported. Given the recalcitrant nature of the disease, dermatologists should consider generalized GA as a differential diagnosis in patients with an annular lesion involving the intertriginous area. Thus, we report this as an atypical case of generalized GA localized to the intertriginous area. (Korean J Dermatol 2021;59(10):797∼800)

Present value relations of stock prices from the perspective of Ι(∞) Processes

윤가원 釜山大學校 商科大學 2002 釜山商大論集 Vol.73 No.-

본고에서는 최근 윤가원 (2002) 이 제시한 I(∞) 모형을 이용하여 주가의 현재 가치 모형에서 주가 및 배당의 시계열 성질을 연구하였다. 만약 로그로 표시된 배당이 랜덤워크를 따른다면, 주가 및 배당 시계열은 I(∞) 이어야 한다. 따라서, 주가의 현재 가치 모형에 의하면 로그로 표시된 주가 및 배당은 CI(1,1)을 따르고, 주가 및 배당은 CI(∞,∞)을 따른다. 한편, 간단한 컴퓨터 모의실험에 의하면, 주가 및 배당간에 가성적인 공적분이 발견될 위험이 높다. 또한 비선형 tan^(-1)(g) 필터는 가성적인 공적분의 위험을 완벽하지는 못하지만, 어느 정도 줄일 수 있음을 보였다.

박주가리(Metaplexis japonica Makino)의 캘러스유도와 조직별 gagaminine의 함량분석

이대원,신가희 東國大學校 1999 東國論叢 Vol.38 No.-

In order to produce antioxidantic gagaminine from the plant and cell culture of Metaplexis japonica Makino, induction rate of callus with plant growth regulators was investigated and gagaminine from the various tissues and calli was analyzed using HPLC assay. when the callus from leaf tissue was used on MS medium, induction rate was highest (63.0%). the optimal concentrations of 2,4-D for callus induction of leaf, stern and petiole were 2.0, 0.5 and 0.1 mg/L, respectively. The content of gaganinine in the plant was abundant in the tissue of stem, leaf, and root in order. However, the highest gagaminine content was found in the callus from petiole (0.276 mg/mL) and its content was 12 times higher than that in the stem tissue (0.023 mg/mL) of the intact plant. This result suggests that gagaminine might be produced using the cell culture in vitro in Metaplexis japonica Makino.

Cointegration with regime shifts : an application us prices and wages

윤가원 釜山大學校 商科大學 1999 釜山商大論集 Vol.70 No.-

In their classic work on cointegration, Engle and granger (1987) found little evidence of cointegration between US prices and wages. However, cointegration tests are known to be less powerful when structural changes are present. In this paper we will examine whether the two series are cointegrated when structural breaks are considered. By applying testing procedures developed by Gregory and Hansen (1996), we find evidence of cointegration between the two series once the possibility of regime shifts is allowed. A particular form of regime shifts and possible break points are also identified. Furthermore, estimated error correction models imply that it is wages that are responsible for the long-run dynamic behavior of prices, not the other way around. The result is consistent with the prediction of the markup-pricing hypothesis. Additional results from models allowing multiple structural changes confirm that forecasting inflation rates will be difficult because the inflation process is very unstable.

曰若稽古孔子 : 나는 옛 성인 孔子를 이렇게 보았다 I understand Confusius, an old Saint in this Way

李家源 단국대학교 퇴계학연구소 1988 退溪學硏究 Vol.2 No.-

洛東江 河口周邊의 防災對策에 관한 基礎的인 硏究

민일규,김원규,최병습,박상길,김가현 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1996 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.51 No.-

波浪과 흐름이 共存하는 大河川 河口部인 洛東江 河口域에서 洛東江 河口둑을 基点으로 波浪, 흐름, 地形變動, 潮流, 洪水位等을 評價基準으로 하여 災害에 대한 基本的인 評價를 實施했다. 波浪, 潮流, 洪水位等이 水位上昇을 透發시켜 周邊地域을 浸水시킬 수 있는 危險性의 與否를 實測과 數値計算을 통하여 實施하였다. 地形變動은 實測만을 통하여 地形變動率을 調査하였다. 資料를 分析한 結果 洛東江 河口地域은 波浪, 흐름과 波浪이 共存하는 領域으로 區分된다. 數値計算結果에 의하면 河口部에서의 來襲波高가 直接 河口둑 水門과 주변構造物에 미치는 影響은 크지 않았다. 또한, 3次元 波高分布를 볼 때 河口 水路를 따라서 거슬러 올라오는 波浪의 影響은 거의 없었다. 洪水位와 流速은 災害를 透發시키는 主要因子로 評價되었다. 波浪에 의한 異常高潮와 漲潮流와 潮汐의 滿潮時間 및 最大洪水量이 時間적으로 一致되는 境遇, 河口둑 周邊地域의 水位 上昇과 流速의 停滯現狀으로 浸水狀態가 發生한다. For the investigation of inundation disasters by wave setup in the Nakdong Estuary of the Large River which waves and currents are coexist, the wave surveying data was analyzed and the numerical model was applied to the Estuary. In this study, the result of surveying data analysis shows that waves have little effect on the surroundings. As the result of numerical computation, waves have seldom direct influence upon the barrage and its gates. Also, according to three dimension distribution of waves, it is found that coming up waves along the Estuary channel and the setup of waves have seldom effect barrage structures.

효율적인 군 전직지원체제 정립 방안

정철영,고재관,황원채,윤희철,박가열,김재호,이성식,김동승,표성일,이건남,양안나,최수정,김은석 한국직업능력개발원 2008 직업능력개발연구 Vol.11 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 제대군인에 대한 효율적인 전직지원을 위해서 현행 전직지원 프로세스에 대한 개선 안과 이에 따른 국방부, 국가보훈처 등 제대군인 전직지원관련 기관 간의 역할분담 및 연계방안에 대해서 제안하는 것이다. 연구는 크게 세 가지 과정을 거쳤다. 첫째, 국내 군 전직지원 실태를 분석하여 문제점과 시사점을 도출하였다. 둘째, 이러한 문제점과 시사점, 군 전직지원 선행연구를 종합하여 효율적인 군 전직지원 프로세스 안을 제시하였다. 셋째, 구축한 군 전직지원 프로세스 안에 따라 주요 군 전직지원 관련 기관인 국방부, 국가보훈처의 역할 분담 안을 제안하였다. This study aims to suggest an improvement plan for the support process of effective occupation change for discharged soldiers and then role assignments among related institutions for supporting discharged soldiers such as Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Patriots and Veterans Affairs, Ministry of Labor and the cooperation plan among the institutions. The study was made in three steps. First, after analyzing currents support facts and status for discharged soldiers, it induced its problems and implications. Second, integrating the findings of previous studies related to support plan on occupation changes for the discharged soldiers, Problems and implications mentioned above, it constructed effective occupation change process for discharged soldiers. Then, according to the established process, it suggested role assignments such as Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Patriots and Veterans Affairs, Ministry of Labor.

수면량과 집중력의 상관관계

김병우,류지근,박우진,박계원,김미정,임지은,백대현,최재덕,최윤호,이가현,이관,김덕수 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2002 東國醫學 Vol.9 No.1

수면, 기억 그리고 학습의 연관성은 실제 매우 복잡하다. 많은 연구에도 불구하고 명확한 연구결과는 아직 없다. 우리는 이 연구에서 평소와는 달리 시험 전날 수면 변화 양상이 집중력에 어느 정도 영향력을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였고, 이를 이용해 효율적인 수면 관리를 할 수 있는 기초자료로 삼고자 하였다. 동국대 의대 본과 1학년생 중 지원자 30명과 본과 2학년생 10명을 대상으로 평상시 상태와 시험 직후 수면이 부족한 상태에서 각각 K-PES TEST를 실시하여 총 8항목에 걸쳐 암기력, 판단력, 단순반응의 변화정도를 검사하였다. 또 설문조사를 병행하여 결과에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 다른 인자들도 파악하였다. 수면량에 대한 부호 숫자 짝짓기(순간 판단력)을 검사한 결과, 인간의 최대 생리학적 기능은 꼭 수면부족에 의해 좌우되는 것은 아니다. 그러나, 수면감소는 피로를 증가시키고, 동기부여를 감소시키나 단, 새로운 사실을 학습하는 데에는 큰 영향을 끼치지 않는다. 즉, 수면부족으로 장시간 깨어있는 것은 정확성과 반응성을 떨어뜨린다. 흡연에 대한 부호 숫자 짝짓기(순간 판단력)을 검사한 결과, 니코틴의 수면에 대한 상호관계는 알려지지 않았고, 인간의 감정이나 의식, 인식에 영향을 주는 것으로 알고있지만, 장기적은 측면에서 흡연이나 알코올은 인식능력과 무관한 것 같다. 카페인에 대한 숫자 외우기(암기력)검사 결과, 카페인은 spacial selective attention에는 특별한 영향을 주지 않지만 지각과정이나 주의 집중에 큰 효과를 주며, 인간의 의식 수행에 긍정적인 효과를 준다. 즉 카페인은 활력, 혼란, 피로상태를 변화시키고 visual analog scales에서 휴식상태에 가까운 양상을 나타낸다. 또 48시간 동안 수면을 취하지 않은 사람에게 카페인은 집중력과 장시간의 좋은 기분을 유지하게 하였다. 그러나 규칙적, 비규칙적으로 먹는 사람간에는 인지수행력의 차이를 보이지 않으며 상용자에서는 상당한 내성이 보인다. 수면패턴에 대한 숫자 더하기(순간 판단력)검사 결과, 집중력은 수면패턴에 의해서도 영향을 받고, 수면패턴이 바뀌게 되면 순간판단력을 저하시킨다. This study was performed to evaluate relationship of sleep and attention, and to control sleep effectively. We conducted a K-PES test of 40 medical students. K-PES contains eight elements, for example, simple response, selective response, color pairing, OddEven discrimination, number addition, number-symbol matching, memory, right-tapping, left tapping. Through these, we tested changes of memory, judgement, simple response. And we conducted a questionnaire survey to exclude bias. Results are as follows. As a results of number-symbol matching test, we know that sleeplessness is not complete responsible for physiologic function for humans. But, decreased sleep increases fatigue and decreases motivation, but no influence on learning new materials. So, long term sleeplessness decreases precision and responsibility. As a results of number-symbol matching test on smoking, a relationship of nicotine and sleep is not certain. A point of view in long term period, smoking and drinking is not related cognition, even if we know that those influence mood, consciousness and cognition. As a results of memory work test on caffeine, caffeine does not influence spacial selective attention, but mainly does perception, attention and consiousness process. Namely caffeine changes energetic activities, chaos, fatigue states and shows resting state in visual analog scales In sleeplessness for 48 hours, caffeine produced attention and good mood for a long time. But, in case of cognitive process no significance shows in regular or irregular diet. Regular diet shows high resistance. As a results of number addition test on sleep patterns, seep patterns influence attention, changes of sleep patterns decrease a moment judgement.

GO-14 : Nutritional Risk Index as a potential prognostic factor in advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer patients

( Ga Won Yim ),( Eun Ji Nam ),( Sung Hoon Kim ),( Sang Wun Kim ),( Jae Wook Kim ),( Young Tae Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2012 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.99 No.-

Ovarian cancer is a chronic and wasting disease. Nutritional Risk Index (NRI) has been reported as a simple and accurate tool to assess nutritional status of patients with chronic disease. This study is to explore the association between pre/post-chemotherapy nutritional risk and survival using NRI. Also, the impact of weight change and body mass index (BMI) on cancer outcomes was analyzed. A retrospective data review was conducted of 214 advanced ovarian cancer patients who received primary surgical staging with 6 cycles of paclitaxel plus platinum postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. NRI was calculated with patient`s body weight, ideal body weight, and serum albumin level. BMI was categorized by WHO criteria for Asians; underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal (18.5-22.9 kg/m2), and overweight (≥23.0 kg/m2). Weight change was defined as the ratio of body weight at the last course of chemotherapy to pre-surgery body weight. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS), classified by NRI were estimated by Kaplan-Meier, and associations were assessed using a Cox proportional hazards analysis, adjusted for known prognostic variables (age, histology, tumor grade, residual tumor). Mean age of patients was 54 years. Mean BMI was 23.1 kg/m2 and 22.5 kg/m2 before and after chemotherapy, respectively. Most (48.0%) of patients experienced 1-9.9% of weight loss after chemotherapy. Twenty-eight percent of patients were moderate to severely malnourished before treatment according to Nutritional Risk Index. During 10 years of follow up, 117 patients recurred and 67 patients died. The median survival time was 80 months. The 5-yr OS and RFS was 58.9% and 37.8%, respectively. Nutritional risk index was significantly associated with both OS and RFS. Moderate to severely malnourished patients before treatment had lower OS (48 months) compared to normal to mild group (80 months), respectively(p=0.014). Adjusted for covariates, the relative risk of death was 3.6 times higher in moderate/severely malnourished group (HR=3.6, 95% CI=1.63-7.96, p=0.002) compared with normal/mildly malnourished patients. Similarly, post-treatment NRI less than 97.5 (moderate risk) was associated with shorter PFS (median survival 12 months) compared with normal to mild risk group (17 months, p=0.006). There was no association between weight change and OS. Nutritional risk index is a simplified nutritional screening index that may be used as a potential predictor for mortality. Since weight change may not necessarily reflect patient`s nutritional status, NRI would be a clinically useful marker for the assessment of nutritional status as well as survival in ovarian cancer patients.