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Gerald J. Lobo,Minsup Song,Mary Stanford 한국경영학회 2015 한국경영학회 통합학술발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.08
Despite the increased frequency of analyst and management forecasts during earnings announcements, empirical evidence of their effects on investor responses to the earnings announcements is limited. We examine the implications of reinforcing and contradicting analyst forecasts issued during earnings announcements (days 0 and +1) on the market response to unexpected earnings. We classify forecasts as reinforcing when unexpected earnings are positive (negative) and concurrent analyst forecasts are higher (lower) than current year earnings, and as contradicting when unexpected earnings are positive (negative) and concurrent analyst forecasts are lower (higher) than current year earnings. We document greater earnings response coefficients for announcements accompanied by reinforcing analyst forecasts. Similarly, we find greater market responses to earnings announcements when management forecasts are reinforcing. These findings suggest that analyst forecasts at the time of earnings announcement provide incremental information regarding future earnings and that analyst and management forecasts convey complementary information about earnings announcements.
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Geraldes, Vanessa,de Medeiros, Livia Soman,Lima, Stella T.,Alvarenga, Danillo Oliveira,Gacesa, Ranko,Long, Paul F.,Fiore, Marli Fatima,Pinto, Ernani The Korean Society of Phycology 2020 ALGAE Vol.35 No.2
Cyanobacteria have been widely reported to produce a variety of UV-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). Herein, we reported production of the unusual MAA, mycosporine-glycine-alanine (MGA) in the cyanobacterium Sphaerospermopsis torques-reginae ITEP-024 using a newly developed UHPLC-DAD-MS/HRMS (ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry) method. MGA had previously been first identified in a red-algae, but S. torques-reginae strain ITEP-024 is the first cyanobacteria to be reported as an MGA producer. Herein, the chemical structure of MGA is fully elucidated from one-dimensional / two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and HRMS data analyses. MAAs are unusually produced constitutively in S. torques-reginae ITEP-024, and this production was further enhanced following UV-irradiance. It has been proposed that MAA biosynthesis proceeds in cyanobacteria from the pentose phosphate pathway intermediate sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. Annotation of a gene cluster encoded in the genome sequence of S. torques-reginae ITEP-024 supports these gene products could catalyse the biosynthesis of MAAs. However, addition of glyphosate to cultures of S. torques-reginae ITEP-024 abolished constitutive and ultra-violet radiation induced production of MGA, shinorine and porphyra-334. This finding supports involvement of the shikimic acid pathway in the biosynthesis of MAAs by this species.
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Semi-continuous beam-to-column joints at the Millennium Tower in Vienna, Austria
Gerald Huber 국제구조공학회 2001 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.1 No.2
The Millennium Tower is situated to the north of the center of Vienna. With a height of 202 m it is the highest building in Austria. Realization was improved by new methods. The tower is a typical example of mixed building technology, combining composite frames with a concrete core. Special attention has been paid to the moment connections between the slim floors and the column tubes resulting in a drastically reduced construction time and thin slabs. The semi-continuity has been considered in the design at ultimate and serviceability limit states.
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The Ideal and the Real in Combatting Corruption in Western Style Democracies
( Gerald E. Caiden ) 성균관대학교 사회과학연구소 2008 社會科學 Vol.41 No.1
The best attempts to measure the extent of official misconduct or corruption in the global society by such key organizations as the World Bank and Transparency International show great disparities between continents, regions within continents, and countries within regions. They also reveal that attempts to combat corruption from international level down to local community level similarly vary with some reporting great success and others admitting almost total failure. Or so the measures purport to demonstrate conclusively. On the basis of these official findings, some communities redouble their efforts to improve their standing in world opinion while others ashamed of their low ranking proclaim that the measures are biased against them and discount their meaningless efforts to contain corruption within. In any event, many countries acknowledge that corruption seems to be on the increase worldwide and their policies to reduce its incidence seem always one step behind, regardless of international agreements, tougher laws, stronger investigation and prosecution, and more stringent ethics codes and education. Admittedly, such measures of corruption actually bear little relation to anti-corruption campaigns. And for simple, obvious reasons. First, as few agree exactly what constitutes corruption, researchers use quite different definitions and measure quite different forms of official misconduct. Second, as much corruption is by definition furtive and hidden, all that can be measured is that which becomes known and discovered and possibly misdiagnosed when innocent officials are used as unknowing agents of the really corrupt who deliberately take advantage of the ignorant. Third, most measures are purely guesswork taken from selective opinion surveys from unrepresentative sample groups whose opinions are solely valued. Fourth, the way in which such biased sampling is handled is hardly scientific but is highly prejudiced economically, politically, socially, and culturally. Fifth, what purports to be corruption, mostly in the public sector and rarely in the private sector which may much more significant for the general populace, is taken out of context. The best attempts to measure the extent of official misconduct or corruption in the global society by such key organizations as the World Bank and Transparency International show great disparities between continents, regions within continents, and countries within regions. They also reveal that attempts to combat corruption from international level down to local community level similarly vary with some reporting great success and others admitting almost total failure. Or so the measures purport to demonstrate conclusively. On the basis of these official findings, some communities redouble their efforts to improve their standing in world opinion while others ashamed of their low ranking proclaim that the measures are biased against them and discount their meaningless efforts to contain corruption within. In any event, many countries acknowledge that corruption seems to be on the increase worldwide and their policies to reduce its incidence seem always one step behind, regardless of international agreements, tougher laws, stronger investigation and prosecution, and more stringent ethics codes and education. Admittedly, such measures of corruption actually bear little relation to anti-corruption campaigns. And for simple, obvious reasons. First, as few agree exactly what constitutes corruption, researchers use quite different definitions and measure quite different forms of official misconduct. Second, as much corruption is by definition furtive and hidden, all that can be measured is that which becomes known and discovered and possibly misdiagnosed when innocent officials are used as unknowing agents of the really corrupt who deliberately take advantage of the ignorant. Third, most measures are purely guesswork taken from selective opinion surveys from unrepresentative sample groups whose opinions are solely valued. Fourth, the way in which such biased sampling is handled is hardly scientific but is highly prejudiced economically, politically, socially, and culturally. Fifth, what purports to be corruption, mostly in the public sector and rarely in the private sector which may much more significant for the general populace, is taken out of context Secondly, this paper is not to be taken as giving up on combating corruption as the corrupt always seem to find a way around any measures taken against them. The idea of ridding humankind of all corruption is beyond reach. But there can be little excuse for not trying to reduce and minimize its presence, to chase it into relatively harmless pursuits, to expose and punish corrupt conduct, and to minimize and compensate its victims where they can prove being harmed. Corruption only breeds more corruption. The wrong signals are sent out to the vulnerable who come to believe that they can get away on cheating on others and in so doing cheat themselves too. No society, certainly not a democratic society, can be complacent and blind itself to the rot within. Integrity must be cherished for the virtue it truly is in any civilized society.
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Zimbabwe Premier Soccer League in the Context of COVID 19
Gerald Dandah,Manase Kudzai Chiweshe 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.8 No.3
The paper examines the emerging impact of COVID-19 on soccer in Zimbabwe. It focuses on the Zimbabwe Premier Soccer League (ZPSL) to highlight how football leagues with historical challenges of funding and a lack of disaster preparedness have been impacted by the pandemic. We utilize a desk research approach to understand how football authorities, clubs, administrators, and players have been impacted by the failure of the league to start due to COVID 19-induced lockdowns. The paper also explores the various efforts put in place to ensure football starts again in the country and the impact of these measures. COVID-19 has entrenched and worsened the already existent economic and political challenges facing football in Zimbabwe, which include lack of financial sustainability of clubs, poor administration, corruption, lack of sponsorship, and a general malaise of the sport in the country.
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