Reparative, Neuroprotective and Anti-neurodegenerative Effects of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor in Radiation-Induced Brain Injury Model

Gökhan Gürkan,Özüm Atasoy,Nilsu Çini,İbrahim Halil Sever,Bahattin Özkul,Gökhan Yaprak,Cansın Şirin,Yiğit Uyanıkgil,Ceren Kızmazoğlu,Mümin Alper Erdoğan,Oytun Erbaş 대한신경외과학회 2023 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.66 No.5

Objective : This animal model aimed to compare the rat group that received brain irradiation and did not receive additional treatment (only saline) and the rat group that underwent brain irradiation and received Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment. In addition, the effects of G-CSF on brain functions were examined by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and histopathologically. Methods : This study used 24 female Wistar albino rats. Drug administration (saline or G-CSF) was started at the beginning of the study and continued for 15 days after whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT). WBRT was given on day 7 of the start of the study. At the end of 15 days, the behavioral tests, including the three-chamber sociability test, open field test, and passive avoidance learning test, were done. After the behavioral test, the animals performed the MR spectroscopy procedure. At the end of the study, cervical dislocation was applied to all animals. Results : G-CSF treatment positively affected the results of the three-chamber sociability test, open-space test and passive avoidance learning test, cornu Ammonis (CA) 1, CA3, and Purkinje neuron counts, and the brain levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and postsynaptic density protein-95. However, G-CSF treatment reduced the glial fibrillary acidic protein immunostaining index and brain levels of malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nuclear factor kappa-B, and lactate. In addition, on MR spectroscopy, G-CSF had a reversible effect on brain lactate levels. Conclusion : In this first designed brain irradiation animal model, which evaluated G-CSF effects, we observed that G-CSF had reparative, neuroprotective and anti-neurodegenerative effects and had increased neurotrophic factor expression, neuronal counts, and morphology changes. In addition, G-CSF had a proven lactate-lowering effect in MR spectroscopy and brain materials.

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of Boronic Acid-Based Recyclable Spherical Polymer Brushes

Hüseyin Cicek,Gökhan Kocak,Özgür Ceylan,Vural Bütün 한국고분자학회 2019 Macromolecular Research Vol.27 No.7

Crosslinked poly(4-vinylbenzyl chloride) (PVBC) microbead was prepared by suspension polymerization. Various spherical polymer brushes (SPBs) were produced by grafting polymeric chains on their surfaces via surface initiated-atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) using 4-vinylphenyl boronic acid (VPBA), 2- (dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMA), and quaternized DMA (QDMA). PVBCg- PDMA, PVBC-g-PQDMA, PVBC-g-PVPBA, PVBC-g-P(VPBA-b-DMA), PVBC-g-P(VPBAco- DMA) and PVBC-g-P(VPBA-b-QDMA) SPBs were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Antibacterial activities of the synthesized SPBs were investigated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in nutrient and nutrient free media. Although PVBC-g-P(VPBA-b-DMA) SPB provided high antibacterial activity in the nutrient containing media due to its antibacterial, anti-biofilm and anti-QS properties, PVBC-g-P8QDMA SPB was found to be more effective in nutrient free media. Considering repeatable antibacterial activity, the PVBC-g-P(VPBA-b-8QDMA) SPB has advantageous over PVBC-g-P(VPBA-b-DMA) and PVBC-g-P8QDMA SPBs for long-term applications such as wastewater treatment in fluidized bad system.

Effect of Composition, Mechanical Alloying Temperature and Cooling Rate on Martensitic Transformation and Its Reversion in Mechanically Alloyed Stainless Steels

Gökhan Polat,Hasan Kotan 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.10

Stainless steels with Fe/Cr/Ni ratios of 74/18/8, 71/17/12, and 55/20/25 were produced from elemental powders by highenergy mechanical alloying at both room and cryogenic temperatures. The effect of mechanical alloying temperature onmartensitic transformation, the reversion of deformation-induced martensite-to-austenite upon annealing, and the influenceof cooling rate on the thermal stability of reversed austenite upon cooling to room temperature were investigated in detailby in-situ and ex-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Thermo-Calcsimulations. A relative comparison of stainless steels after room temperature mechanical alloying indicated that the lownickel-containing steel underwent an almost complete martensitic transformation. However, martensitic transformation bydeformation through mechanical alloying at room temperature would not be possible with increasing nickel contents butwas created partially at cryogenic temperature, the degree of which depended on the steel composition. The in-situ XRDstudies exhibited that the deformation-induced martensite completely transformed to austenite at elevated temperatures. Thecomplete reverse transformation temperature simulated by Thermo-Calc software was found to be lower than that of theexperimentally determined ones. Additionally, the different cooling rates from the reversed austenite demonstrated that theslower cooling increased the thermal stability of reversed austenite at room temperature.

Resistance Response of Tomato Cultivars and Rootstocks Carrying the Mi-1.2 Gene to Isolates of Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica at Two Different Growing Periods

Gökhan Aydınlı,Sevilhan Mennan 한국원예학회 2019 원예과학기술지 Vol.37 No.4

The reaction of four tomato cultivars and four rootstocks, carrying the Mi-1.2 gene, to differentisolates of Meloidogyne arenaria (4 isolates), M. incognita (2 isolates), and M. javanica (2 isolates)were determined in pot experiments conducted in a non-temperature controlled greenhouse. Tomatocultivars and rootstocks were screened by PCR-based co-dominant SCAR marker Mi23 for thezygosity states of the Mi-1 locus. All resistant tomato cultivars and the rootstock ‘Comfort’ wereclassified as heterozygous resistant (Mimi), whereas the rootstocks ‘Arazi’, ‘Beaufort’, and ‘Kingkong’were homozygous resistant (MiMi) at the Mi-1 locus. The response of resistant genotypes to isolatesof Meloidogyne was assessed 8 and 16 weeks after inoculation with 3,000 nematode eggs for shortand long growing periods, respectively. Nematode reproduction on resistant cultivars was similar orhigher than on resistant rootstocks for all tested Meloidogyne isolates in the short period experiment(p ˂ 0.05), but not in the long period experiment. In both experiments, all tomato cultivars androotstocks responded as highly resistant (reproduction index ˂ 10%) to all tested Meloidogyneisolates except for M. incognita A-11. Of the resistant genotypes inoculated with M. incognitaA-11, in both experiments, the cultivars ‘Crisol’ and ‘Adamset’ were moderately resistant, whereasthe rootstocks ‘Beaufort’ and ‘Comfort’ were highly resistant. ‘Alsancak’, ‘Esin’, ‘Arazi’, and‘Kingkong’ showed reduced resistance in the long growing period and responded as moderatelyresistant to M. incognita A-11. These findings showed that the resistance response of tomatocultivars and rootstocks to Meloidogyne isolates varies depending on the isolates of Meloidogyne orthe length of the growing period.

Amputation of Glans Penis: A Rare Circumcision Complication and Successful Management with Primary Anastomosis and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

Gökhan Faydaci,Kuyumcuoğlu Uğur,Celik Osman,Şengül Şermin,Eryıldırım Bilal 대한비뇨의학회 2011 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.52 No.2

Penile amputation is an uncommon condition that requires immediate surgical replantation. Routine standardized procedures for dealing with this medical condition do not exist. We describe a case of complete guillotine-type glans penis amputation and review the relevant literature. We performed urethral end-to-end approximation and glanular anastomosis and then applied hyperbaric oxygen therapy postoperatively. We obtained very good cosmetic and functional results.

Analytical and finite element solution of a receding contact problem

Gökhan Adıyaman,Murat Yaylacı,Ahmet Birinci 국제구조공학회 2015 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.54 No.1

In this paper, a receding contact problem for an elastic layer resting on two quarter planes is considered. The layer is pressed by a stamp and distributed loads. It is assumed that the contact surfaces are frictionless and only compressive traction can be transmitted through the contact surfaces. In addition the effect of body forces are neglected. Firstly, the problem is solved analytically based on theory of elasticity. In this solution, the problem is reduced into a system of singular integral equations in which contact areas and contact stresses are unknowns using boundary conditions and integral transform techniques. This system is solved numerically using Gauss-Jacobi integral formulation. Secondly, two dimensional finite element analysis of the problem is carried out using ANSYS. The dimensionless quantities for the contact areas and the contact pressures are calculated under various distributed load conditions using both solutions. It is concluded that the position and the magnitude of the distributed load have an important role on the contact area and contact pressure distribution between layer and quarter plane contact surface. The analytic results are verified by comparison with finite element results.

Representation of Sexual Violence in Turkish Cinema and Television Series

GÖKULU, Gökhan 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2013 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.19 No.2

Violence against women in Turkey is an endemic social problem that has been taken more seriously by public opinion in recent years. As a result, new legal arrangements have been made both to deter and prevent violence against women, which in turn have generated new appropriate administrative interventions. But the issue is not simply a matter of state concern: the media, which is an instrument of public opinion, has also focused in various ways on violence against women in recent years. This study investigates the social effects of the media’s representation of violence against women, firstly dealing with its treatment in films and TV soap operas and secondly, providing examples that show how the media has often legitimized such violence. In conclusion, I offer suggestions as to how the media can reflect violence against women in a more responsible way. Türkiye’de kadına yönelik şiddet olgusu son yıllarda oldukça dikkat çeken bir toplumsal sorun olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu anlamda, kadına yönelik şiddetin önlenmesi için yeni hukuki düzenlemeler getirilmiş, şiddetin azaltılmasına ve önlenmesine yönelik uygulamalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bununla birlikte kadına yönelik şiddet sadece devlet boyutu olan bir sorun değildir: kamuoyunun bir aracı olan medyada son yıllarda bu konu üzerinde durmaktadır. Bu çalışma kadına yönelik şiddet olgusunun medyada yansımalarının toplumsal sonuçlarını irdelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma öncelikle sinemada ve televizyon dizilerinde kadına yönelik şiddet olgusunun ne şekilde ele alındığını ortaya koyduktan sonra medyanın kadına yönelik şiddeti ne şekilde meşrulaştırdığını ve gösteren örneklere yer verecektir. Çalışma medyanın kadına yönelik şiddet olgusunu ne şekilde yansıtması gerektiğine dair önerilere yer verecektir.

EFFECT OF EARLY WEANING DIETS CONTAINING DIFFERENT PROTEIN SOURCES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF INTENSIFIED AFGHANI LAMBS

Khan, A.G.,Azim, A.,Nadeem, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1996 Animal Bioscience Vol.9 No.2

A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of feeding early weaning diets based on different vegetable protein sources fed to Afghani lambs. Three isonitrogenous and isocaloric complete formula diets viz., A, B and C were prepared having cottonseed meal, soybean meal and canola meal; respectively as major source of protein. Eighteen 30-35 days old Afghani male lambs were randomly allotted to three experimental diets. Lambs were fed individually twice a day for a period of 60 days. Daily feed intake and weekly weight gain was recorded. Results indicated that weight gain was significantly(p<0.05) higher(282 g/lamb/day) in lambs fed diet B as compared to lamvs fed on diets A(231 g/lamb/day) and C(242 g/lamb/day). No significant difference was found in feed intake among the diets. Significant difference(p<0.05) were noticed in feed efficiency in lambs fed on diets A(6.88), B(5.41) and C(6.17).The economic efficiency was observed to be the best on diet B as compared to diets A and C. It was concluded that Afghani lambs(30-35 days) can be reared on early weaning diets and soybean meal was found comparatively better protein source for early weaning diet.

Detection of Escherichia coli O157 and Escherichia coli O157:H7 by the immunomagnetic separation technique and stx1 and stx2 genes by multiplex PCR in slaughtered cattle in Samsun Province, Turkey

Gökhan Inat,Belgin Siriken 대한수의학회 2010 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.11 No.4

This study was conducted to investigate the presence of Escherichia (E.) coli O157 and E. coli O157:H7 and stx1 and stx2 genes on cattle carcasses and in rectal samples collected from Samsun Province of Turkey. A total of 200 samples collected from cattle carcasses and the rectal contents of 100 slaughtered cattle from two commercial abattoirs were tested using the immunomagnetic separation technique and multiplex PCR methods. E. coli O157 and E. coli O157:H7 were detected in 52 of the 200 samples (26%) tested. Of the positive samples, 49 were E. coli O157 and three were E. coli O157:H7. The E. coli O157 strain was isolated from 24 carcasses and 25 rectal samples, while E. coli O157:H7 was isolated from two carcasses and one rectal sample. Of the 49 samples positive for E. coli O157, 32 were from the rectal and carcass samples of the same animal, while two E. coli O157:H7 isolates were obtained from rectal swabs and carcasses of the same animal. The stx1 and stx2 genes were both detected in 35 E. coli O157 isolates and one E. coli O157:H7 isolate, but the stx2 gene was only detected alone in two E. coli O157 isolates. Overall, 16 carcasses tested positive for E. coli O157 and one carcass tested positive for E. coli O157:H7 based on both carcass and rectal samples. Overall, the results of this study indicate that cattle carcasses pose a potential risk to human health due to contamination by E. coli O157 and E. coli O157:H7 in the feces.

Development of Multifunctional Cotton Curtain with Electromagnetic Shielding, UV-Protective, Flame-Retardant and Antibacterial Properties

Gökhan Kök,Serhat Karakaya,Eylen Sema Dalbaşı,Yeşim Salman,Arif Taner Özgüney 한국섬유공학회 2023 Fibers and polymers Vol.24 No.10

The aim of this study to develop the multifunctional cotton curtain which has the properties of electromagnetic shielding, UV protection, flame retardancy and antibacterial. In addition, a new azobenzene Schiff base UV-protective chemical (UPC) has been also synthesized. For this purpose, firstly, the cotton woven fabric with stainless steel wires was produced in order to provide the electromagnetic shielding properties. After then, UV protection and the flame retardancy treatments were, respectively, applied. During UV applications, the effects of variable parameters such as temperature, time, concentration of UPC and concentration of auxiliary chemicals were also investigated. After these finishing treatments, the tests and analyzes of the fabrics such as the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, UV transmittance, FTIR, burning, LOI, TGA, and antibacterial tests were carried out and the obtained results were evaluated. The general average of the EMSE values of the fabric was found in the range of 10–20 dB. UPF values of treated fabrics were high. Also, even after 20 washing cycles, the UPF values of the fabric was 50 + . As a result, the multifunctional cotton curtain fabric which is the purpose of this work was successfully developed.