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More Integrated than Ever? Long-Term Market and Policy Drivers of Intra-Asian Trade
Alejandro Ayuso-Díaz(Alejandro Ayuso-Díaz ),Antonio G. Gómez-Plana(Antonio G. Gómez-Plana ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2023 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.38 No.1
Since the Doha Round stalemate after 2001, trade liberalization has progressed through regional trade agreements (RTAs) and East and Southeast Asia is not unfamiliar with this. Before assessing the effectiveness of recent trade agreements, the long tradition of trade exchange in this region that has lasted for more than 2,000 years necessitates an understanding of the evolution of intra-Asian trade across history. In this regard, this study contributes to the literature examining whether present intra-Asian trade is more or less intense than before 1938. This research outperforms previous studies using a gravity model that controls for changes in GDP and trade costs in the region across four different time periods (between 1840 and 2018). The results show that contemporary regional trade in East and Southeast Asia is slightly less intense than before World War II. A second question addressed is the relevance of trade agreements after the 1985 Plaza Accord on trade integration, compared with market determinants. A second gravity model for regional imports after 1986 is regressed on both policy and market indicators, indicating that the latest wave of intra-Asian trade is characterized by trade complementarities that are fueled by regional foreign direct investment, and free trade agreements are less effective. This result is validated through a network analysis demonstrating the symbiosis between trade and investment flows in the region, which should be considered in RTAs that are in place or in negotiation to take intra-Asian trade beyond its historical limits.
José Francisco Díaz Nájera,Jaime Sahagún Castellanos,Mateo Vargas Hernández,Sergio Ayvar Serna,Omar Guadalupe Alvarado Gómez,Clemente Villanueva Verduzco,Marcelo Acosta Ramos 한국식물병리학회 2018 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.34 No.3
Fruit rot is the principal phytopathological problem of pipiana pumpkin (Cucurbita argyrosperma Huber) in the state of Guerrero. The aims of this research were to 1) identify the causal agent of southern blight on pumpkin fruits by morphological, pathogenic, and molecular analysis (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2); 2) evaluate in vitro Trichoderma spp. strains and chemical fungicides; and 3) evaluate under rainfed field conditions, the strains that obtained the best results in vitro, combined with fungicides during two crop cycles. Number of commercial and non-commercial fruits at harvest, and seed yield (kg ha-1) were registered. Morphological, pathogenic and molecular characterization identified Sclerotium rolfsii as the causal agent of rot in pipiana pumpkin fruits. Now, in vitro conditions, the highest inhibition of S. rolfsii were obtained by Trichoderma virens strain G-41 (70.72%), T. asperellum strain CSAEGro-1 (69%), and the fungicides metalaxyl (100%), pyraclostrobin (100%), quintozene (100%), cyprodinil + fludioxonil (100%), and prochloraz (100%). Thiophanate-methyl only delayed growth (4.17%). In field conditions, during the spring-summer 2015 cycle, T. asperellum strain CSAEGro-1 + metalaxyl, and T. asperellum + cyprodinil + fludioxonil, favored the highest number of fruits and seed yield in the crop.
Switchable hydrophilicity solvents for carbon dioxide chemical absorption
Mario Carrera,Diego Gómez-Díaz,José M. Navaza 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.59 No.-
The development of more efficient solvents for carbon dioxide capture is the main aim of present work by using a gas–liquid–liquid (GLL) reactor. This type of reactor is based on the use of switchable hydrophilicity solvents. This type of solvents tries to maintain a constant driving force and decreasing the amount of solvent to be regenerated. N-ethylpiperidine solvent shows an increase in absorption rate in GLL configuration and reduce the costs of regeneration in a 30%. Triethylamine solvent shows worst results in absorption tests and it suffers high degradation. The use of bicarbonate separation by precipitation for solvent regeneration contributes suitable results.