Removing Legal Obstacle of E-Trading

Fuping Gao 중앙대학교 한국전자무역연구소 2008 전자무역연구 Vol.6 No.1

In China, e-commerce was initiated in 1998, and Chinese government has made a great effort to promote development of electronic commerce and to improve the legal environment for the development. The Contract Law of PRC of 1999 is treated as the first contract law that recognizes a contract in data message form as a contract in writing. In 2004, the Electronic Signature Law of PRC (the ESL) was issued so as to make e-contract enforceable. The legal obstacle, however, still exists up to now. For overcoming the legal obstacle of e-commerce, The United Nations (through UNCITRAL), with the Model Law, leads the way and make right solution to e-commerce. But the Model Law is an evidence-related law in its essential although with a superficial commerce law name. Such, in this paper, the author argues that it is not correct for a country to act commerce law to copy the model of the Model Law, or it is not sufficient to enact separate e-commerce law or e-signature law, and what we need is to integrate e-commerce law into the current legal system. 중국에서 전자상거래가 시작된 1998년부터 중국정부는 전자상거래의 발전을 촉진시키고, 그 발전에 법적 환경을 향상시키기 위해서 많은 노력을 해왔다. 1999년 계약법에서 데이터 메시지에 관한 내용을 다룬 것에서부터 2004년 전자서명법에서 전자계약을 다룬 것까지 많은 시도가 있었지만, 법적 장애물은 아직도 존재하고 있다. 전자상거래에서의 법적 장애를 해결하기 위해서 UNCITRAL에서는 모델법을 만들어서 그 방안을 제시하고 있지만, 근본적인 해결책이 되지 못하고 있다. 이 논문에서는 모델법을 각국의 사정이 다름에도 불구하고 무조건 적용시키는 것이 옳지 않다는 것을 밝히고, 전자서명법이나 전자계약법 같은 전자상거래 관련법들을 따로 구분하여 제정하는 것이 아니라 통합하여 전자상거래법으로 다루어야 한다는 것을 밝히는데 목적이 있다.

Experimence Study of Trace Water and Oxygen Impact on SF<SUB>6 </SUB>Decomposition Characteristics Under Partial Discharge

Fuping Zeng,Ju Tang,Yanbin Xie,Qian Zhou,Chaohai Zhang 대한전기학회 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.4

It is common practice to identify the insulation faults of GIS through monitor the contents of SF6 decomposed components. Partial discharges (PD) could lead to the decomposition of SF6 dielectric, so new reactions usually occur in the mixture of the newly decomposed components including traces of H₂O and O₂. The new reactions also cause the decomposed components to differ due to the different amounts of H₂O and O₂ even under the same strength of PD. Thus, the accuracy of assessing the insulation faults is definitely influenced when using the concentration and corresponding change of decomposed components. In the present research, a needle-plate electrode was employed to simulate the PD event of a metal protrusion insulation fault for two main characteristic components SO₂F₂ and SOF₂, and to carry out influence analysis of trace H₂O and O₂ on the characteristic components. The research shows that trace H₂O has the capability of catching an F atom, which inhibits low-sulfide SFx from recombining into high-sulfide SF6. Thus, the amount of SOF₂ strongly correlates to the amount of trace H₂O, whereas the amount of SO₂F₂ is weakly related to trace H₂O. Furthermore, the dilution effect of trace O₂ on SOF₂ obviously exceeds that of SO₂F₂.

Influence Regularity of Aluminum, Copper and Stainless-steel on SF<SUB>6</SUB> PD Decomposition Characteristics Components

Fuping Zeng,Jing Luo,Ju Tang,Qian Zhou,Qiang Yao 대한전기학회 2017 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.12 No.1

SF6 decomposition products can be used to detect partial discharge (PD), but the metal materials in a PD area can significantly affect SF6 decomposition characteristics. Disregarding the effect of metal materials on such characteristics inevitably result in certain errors when using them to diagnose the internal insulation faults of gas-insulated switchgears. This paper investigates the influence regularity on the main stable decomposition components of SF6 (namely SO₂F₂ and SOF₂) of the commonly metal materials uesd in GIS, such as aluminum (Al), copper (Cu) and stainless steel (SS). Firstly, an experimental platform is constructed to simulate SF6 decomposition under a PD area, and the influence regularities of Al, Cu and SS on the concentration, formation rate and saturation time of SO₂F₂ and SOF₂ are obtained. Secondly, the influence mechanism of Al, Cu and SS are preliminary explored combined with the chemical activity of the metal materials.

Multifunctional Materials Based on Polysilsesquioxanes

Fuping Dong,하창식 한국고분자학회 2012 Macromolecular Research Vol.20 No.4

This feature article is focused on recent applications of polysilsesquioxane (PSQ), which is a type of molecular-level organic/inorganic hybrid material. PSQs refer to all materials with the formula of (RSiO1.5)n in the molecular structure. The PSQ materials contain organic moieties covalently bonded to siloxane groups. They have been used as high-performance coatings, low dielectric materials, electro-optical materials, and precursors to ceramics. New bioapplications also have been found for PSQ nanoparticles, such as drug delivery and biomolecule or metal ion adsorption, where a porous structure and suitable organic functional groups in the PSQ framework are desirable. This feature article summarizes some recent developments in the applications of PSQs, including our recent publications, with a presentation on the future outlook on the subject.

Superhydrophobic and Oleophobic Surfaces Fabricated from Incompletely Condensed Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane

Fuping Dong,하창식 한국고분자학회 2011 Macromolecular Research Vol.19 No.2

Uniform and monodisperse polysilsesquioxane hollow spheres: synthesis from aqueous solution and use in pollutant removal

Dong, Fuping,Guo, Wanping,Park, Sung-Soo,Ha, Chang-Sik Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.21 No.29

<P>A series of organofunctional polysilsesquioxane hollow spheres were prepared by an environment-friendly method. The use of this simple and reproducible synthetic approach resulted in highly uniform and monodisperse hollow spheres with high coverage of functional groups, namely, fluoroalkyl, phenyl, vinyl and methyl groups. By adjusting the precursor concentration, the particle size and shell thickness could be precisely controlled. The structure and functionality of these hollow spheres were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption–desorption studies. These materials were used as adsorbents to treat the benzophenone-containing wastewater, and it was found that the hydrophobic contaminants could be effectively removed. The hydrophobic surface property of the polysilsesquioxane hollow spheres was found to be an important factor that influences the adsorption capacity.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A series of uniform and monodisperse polysilsesquioxane hollow spheres were synthesized in aqueous medium for pollutant removal. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c1jm11337b'> </P>

Novel fluorinated polysilsesquioxane hollow spheres: synthesis and application in drug release

Dong, Fuping,Guo, Wanping,Chu, Sang-Wook,Ha, Chang-Sik Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Chemical communications Vol.46 No.40

<P>Fluorinated polysilsesquioxane (FPSQ) hollow spheres with a large empty interior were synthesized in an aqueous medium by using (trifluoropropyl)trimethoxysilane as the sole precursor. The drug release applications of these spheres were demonstrated, and the materials have great potential as fluorinated drug release carriers.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Novel fluorinated polysilsesquioxane hollow spheres with a large empty interior were synthesized <I>via</I> hydrolytic polycondensation in aqueous medium for drug delivery application. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0cc01658f'> </P>

Luminescence and microstructures of Eu³⁺-doped Ca₉LiGd_2/3(PO₄)₇

Du, Fuping,Zhu, Rui,Huang, Yanlin,Tao, Ye,Jin Seo, Hyo Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Dalton Transactions Vol.40 No.43

<P>A red-emitting phosphor, Eu<SUP>3+</SUP>-doped Ca<SUB>9</SUB>LiGd<SUB>2/3</SUB>(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>7</SUB>, was synthesized by the conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed the pure crystalline phase of Whitlockite-type structure. The excitation spectra of Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> doped Ca<SUB>9</SUB>LiGd<SUB>2/3</SUB>(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>7</SUB> were measured in the VUV and UV region indicating an efficient energy transfer process from the host and Gd<SUP>3+</SUP> to Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> ions. Upon excitation with VUV and UV radiation, the phosphor showed strong red emission around 611 nm corresponding to the forced electric dipole <SUP>5</SUP>D<SUB>0</SUB>→<SUP>7</SUP>F<SUB>2</SUB> transition of Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> ions. The VUV- and UV-excited luminescence spectra of Ca<SUB>9</SUB>LiGd<SUB>2/3</SUB>(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>7</SUB>:Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> together with the dependence of the integrated emission intensities on the doping levels were investigated. The Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> ions were investigated by a tunable laser as an excitation source. The excitation spectra of <SUP>7</SUP>F<SUB>0</SUB>→ <SUP>5</SUP>D<SUB>0</SUB> transitions suggest that there are two families of inequivalent sites for Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> in this host. The concentration quenching and crystallographic site-occupancy of Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> ions in Ca<SUB>9</SUB>LiGd<SUB>2/3</SUB>(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>7</SUB> host were discussed on the basis of the site selective excitation and emission spectra, the luminescence decay and its crystal structure.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Two families of the inequivalent sites for Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> ions in Ca<SUB>9</SUB>LiGd<SUB>2/3</SUB>(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>7</SUB> with whitlockite-type structure were identified on the base of the laser site-selective excitation and emission spectra. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c1dt11075f'> </P>

Influence Regularity of Aluminum, Copper and Stainless-steel on SF₆ PD Decomposition Characteristics Components

Zeng, Fuping,Luo, Jing,Tang, Ju,Zhou, Qian,Yao, Qiang The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2017 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.12 No.1

$SF_6$ decomposition products can be used to detect partial discharge (PD), but the metal materials in a PD area can significantly affect $SF_6$ decomposition characteristics. Disregarding the effect of metal materials on such characteristics inevitably result in certain errors when using them to diagnose the internal insulation faults of gas-insulated switchgears. This paper investigates the influence regularity on the main stable decomposition components of $SF_6$ (namely $SO_2F_2$ and $SOF_2$) of the commonly metal materials uesd in GIS, such as aluminum (Al), copper (Cu) and stainless steel (SS). Firstly, an experimental platform is constructed to simulate $SF_6$ decomposition under a PD area, and the influence regularities of Al, Cu and SS on the concentration, formation rate and saturation time of $SO_2F_2$ and $SOF_2$ are obtained. Secondly, the influence mechanism of Al, Cu and SS are preliminary explored combined with the chemical activity of the metal materials.

A Fast Electrical Energy Measurement Device and Power Consumption Detection Method of Electric Vehicle Charger

Zhao Fuping,Liu Rongmei,He Bei,Zheng Ke,Hu Xiaorui,Ji Jing,Hui Yan 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.9 No.9

More and more electric vehicles have been used in China, and many charging station has been built in China. Due to the reactive power loss caused by charging devices, the method to measure the power consumed by charging device is critical for power company. Based on impact loads generated by electric vehicles to the grid in fast charging mode, this paper studies the energy measurement method of electric vehicle charging mode. Since each phase current of charging post imbalance, to prevent the sum of each phase current vector of charging posts over the protection current threshold and the charging post breaker misusing in power circuit, preventing leakage circuit breaker current imbalance system is designed. Finally, this paper studies the power consumption detection methods of electric vehicle charging posts. By comparing the fast Fourier transform and wavelet analysis algorithms, an electric energy measurement device of electric vehicle charging machine based on FFT and wavelet analysis are proposed. Combined with fast data processing functions of DSP, the device can quickly and accurately measures electric vehicles charging amounts under different charging modes.