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A Molecular Mucosal Adjuvant To Enhance Immunity Against Pneumococcal Infection In The Elderly
Fukuyama, Yoshiko,Ikeda, Yorihiko,Ohori, Junichiro,Sugita, Gen,Aso, Kazuyoshi,Fujihashi, Keiko,Briles, David E.,McGhee, Jerry R.,Fujihashi, Kohtaro The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2015 Immune Network Vol.15 No.1
Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) causes a major upper respiratory tract infection often leading to severe illness and death in the elderly. Thus, it is important to induce safe and effective mucosal immunity against this pathogen in order to prevent pnuemocaccal infection. However, this is a very difficult task to elicit protective mucosal IgA antibody responses in older individuals. A combind nasal adjuvant consisting of a plasmid encoding the Flt3 ligand cDNA (pFL) and CpG oligonucleotide (CpG ODN) successfully enhanced S. pneumoniae-specific mucosal immunity in aged mice. In particular, a pneumococcal surface protein A-based nasal vaccine given with pFL and CpG ODN induced complete protection from S. pneumoniae infection. These results show that nasal delivery of a combined DNA adjuvant offers an attractive potential for protection against the pneumococcus in the elderly.
A Molecular Mucosal Adjuvant To Enhance Immunity Against Pneumococcal Infection In The Elderly
Yoshiko Fukuyama,Yorihiko Ikeda,Junichiro Ohori,Gen Sugita,Kazuyoshi Aso,Keiko Fujihashi,David E. Briles,Jerry R. McGhee,Kohtaro Fujihashi 대한면역학회 2015 Immune Network Vol.15 No.1
Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) causes amajor upper respiratory tract infection often leading to severeillness and death in the elderly. Thus, it is important toinduce safe and effective mucosal immunity against thispathogen in order to prevent pnuemocaccal infection. However, this is a very difficult task to elicit protective mucosalIgA antibody responses in older individuals. A combindnasal adjuvant consisting of a plasmid encoding the Flt3 ligandcDNA (pFL) and CpG oligonucleotide (CpG ODN) successfullyenhanced S. pneumoniae-specific mucosal immunityin aged mice. In particular, a pneumococcal surfaceprotein A-based nasal vaccine given with pFL and CpG ODNinduced complete protection from S. pneumoniae infection. These results show that nasal delivery of a combined DNAadjuvant offers an attractive potential for protection againstthe pneumococcus in the elderly.
Comparative study among Asian Oribatid Fauna. -Is oribatid fauna rich in tropical zone?-
Kenji Fukuyama 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.10
It is widely believed that diversity of soil animals are poorer in the tropical zone than in the temperate zone. Is this right? Then, I compared Asian oribatid faunae of the following localities: a tropical lowland rain forest in Pasoh Forest Reserve (Peninsular Malaysia), a subtropical forest in Yunnan Province (China), warm temperate forest in Chiba, a cool temperate forest in Sapporo (Japan), and in a taiga in arctic zone in Siberia (Russia). Samplings in a primary forest and in a 40-year secondary forest, which were 2 ha each and adjacent to each other, showed about 100 oribatid species there. Total species number was estimated at 135 to 150 with Jackknife method. This shows that the species diversity of oribatids are rich in tropics as compared with that in the temperate Japan. Oribatid species richness was even lower in Siberia (Yakutsk) than in Japan. These indicate that oribatid diversity in tropics is higher than in other areas of higher latitudes. Analyses based on Motomura's geometric series rule showed that the inclination became steeper with latitude, also suggesting that a high species diversity in the tropics. Although the number of families did not change greatly with latitude, a DCA analysis showed that composition of families was related with latitude. It was shown that a low latitude area has many winged oribatid mites, such as Haplozetidae, Protoribatidae, and Galumnidae, with many primitive groups in a high latitude area, such as Brachychthoniidae and Hypochthoniidae.
The intervention of gods in the punishment of “bad” emperors in the Historia Augusta
Yuko Fukuyama 한국서양고전학회 2013 西洋古典學硏究 Vol.52 No.-
The ancient Roman historians condemned the “bad” emperors in their history. This process is commonly known as Damnatio Memoriae. The instances are most abundant and detailed in the Historia Augusta. This work has been considered as a sort of pagan propaganda because of its criticism against the Christians. But recently, there are some discussions about the author’s religious attitude. Investigating the description of Damnatio Memoriae in the Historia Augusta, I revealed the author’s religious attitude which has been unnoticed. Firstly, the author wrote as if the gods were involved in the condemnation of “bad” emperors. Secondly, the declaration of the “bad” emperor as hostis deorum. These characteristics are hardly found in other histories. Comparing other texts, this paper examines why the author chose this expression, which emphasized the intervention of gods in the death of “bad” emperors, to clarify the character of the author of Historia Augusta.