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- 저자 : Friehs, (검색결과 4 건)
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Zheng, Shuzhen,Friehs, Karl,He, Ning,Deng, Xu,Li, Qingbiao,He, Zheng,Xu, Chenyun,Lu, Yinghua Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineerin 2007 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.12 No.3
In this study we investigated the effects of carbon and nitrogen sources, and the carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) of growth medium on the production of plasmid DNA by $pUK21CMV{\beta}1.2$ harbouring recombinant E. coli. The results indicated that sucrose and casein peptone were the most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, for plasmid production, and the plasmid concentration was significantly influenced by the C:N ratio. A Box-Behnken design and surface response methodology were employed to formulate the optimal medium. In the optimized medium, a plasmid concentration of 51.80mg/L and a plasmid selectivity of 23.49mg/g were achieved after 24h of incubation. These values were approximately 3.5 and 1.7 times higher, respectively, than those obtained on the original LB medium.
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Optimization of Medium Components for Plasmid Production by Recombinant E. coli DH5α pUK21CMVβ1.2
Yinghua Lu,Shuzhen Zheng,Karl Friehs,Ning He,Xu Deng,Qingbiao Li,Zheng He,Chenyun Xu 한국생물공학회 2007 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.12 No.3
In this study we investigated the effects of carbon and nitrogen sources, and the carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) of growth medium on the production of plasmid DNA by pUK21CMVβ1.2 harbouring recombinant E. coli. The results indicated that sucrose and casein peptone were the most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, for plasmid production, and the plasmid concentration was significantly influenced by the C:N ratio. A Box-Behnken design and surface response methodology were employed to formulate the optimal medium. In the optimized medium, a plasmid concentration of 51.80 mg/L and a plasmid selectivity of 23.49 mg/g were achieved after 24 h of incubation. These values were approximately 3.5 and 1.7 times higher, respectively, than those obtained on the original LB medium.
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Sung-Phil Kim,Simeral, John D,Hochberg, Leigh R,Donoghue, J P,Friehs, G M,Black, Michael J IEEE 2011 IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilita Vol.19 No.2
<P>We present a point-and-click intracortical neural interface system (NIS) that enables humans with tetraplegia to volitionally move a 2-D computer cursor in any desired direction on a computer screen, hold it still, and click on the area of interest. This direct brain-computer interface extracts both discrete (click) and continuous (cursor velocity) signals from a single small population of neurons in human motor cortex. A key component of this system is a multi-state probabilistic decoding algorithm that simultaneously decodes neural spiking activity of a small population of neurons and outputs either a click signal or the velocity of the cursor. The algorithm combines a linear classifier, which determines whether the user is intending to click or move the cursor, with a Kalman filter that translates the neural population activity into cursor velocity. We present a paradigm for training the multi-state decoding algorithm using neural activity observed during imagined actions. Two human participants with tetraplegia (paralysis of the four limbs) performed a closed-loop radial target acquisition task using the point-and-click NIS over multiple sessions. We quantified point-and-click performance using various human-computer interaction measurements for pointing devices. We found that participants could control the cursor motion and click on specified targets with a small error rate (<; 3% in one participant). This study suggests that signals from a small ensemble of motor cortical neurons ( ~ 40) can be used for natural point-and-click 2-D cursor control of a personal computer.</P>
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Profit Shifting Despite Symmetric Tax Rates? A Note on the Role of Tax Enforcement
Florian Baumann,Tim Friehe 한국국제경제학회 2013 International Economic Journal Vol.27 No.1
This paper analyzes a multinational corporation that may use tax evasion and profit shifting as a means to minimize tax liabilities. Our main finding is that profit shifting may occur even when tax rates are the same across countries. This will be the case whenever there is a tax differential in effective tax rates resulting from differences in tax enforcement. In this context, profit shifting occurs to enable tax evasion in a country where tax enforcement is less harsh. Moreover, for a given differential in tax rates, differences in tax enforcement may either accentuate or dampen profit shifting. Importantly, the predictions regarding the direction of profit shifting that would result in our set-up may contrast sharply with those of the preceding literature.
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