Antecedent-Ellipsis Mismatch in the Resolution of Noun Phrase Ellipsis: Results from Eye-Tracking While Reading

김나연,Michael Frazier 담화·인지언어학회 2023 담화와 인지 Vol.30 No.4

The understanding of elliptical constructions, in which material not present in the phonological or written form of a sentence is nonetheless present in its interpretation, presents a number of challenges for the sentence processing system. Specifically, upon identifying a Noun Phrase Ellipsis construction, readers must identify the antecedent in the memory and retrieve its contents (Kim, Brehm, and Yoshida 2019, Kim and Frazier 2023). In this study, based on Kim and Frazier (2023), we investigated the time-course of elliptical dependency resolution with strict/sloppy identity ambiguity using an eye-tracking while reading experiment, to distinguish what is retrieved in antecedent retrieval at earlier from later stages in processing and how retrieval proceeds. Our results revealed that the strict identity interpretation is preferred at initial stages of processing, indicating that coreference information is retrieved from memory (Kim and Frazier 2023). However, the sloppy identity interpretation shows clear signs of being entertained in later eye-tracking measures as well as in later regions, suggesting that coreference information is temporally prioritized over morphological cues in cue-based retrieval system of content-addressable memory access (Lewis, Vasishth, and Van Dyke 2006; Martin and McElree 2008, 2011). Our result supports Kim and Frazier’s (2023) overall conclusions regarding the parser’s prioritization and the representational content it can access in antecedent retrieval, and extends this finding to later stages of antecedent-ellipsis integration, when information accessible to the parser less rapidly can be integrated into the ongoing parse.

미국의 글로벌 원자력 리더십 회복과 확대를 위해 필요한 정책의 역할

Frazier, Timothy A. 한국원자력산업회의 2017 원자력산업 Vol.37 No.11

미 콜럼비아대 글로벌에너지정책연구센터는 미국의 세계 원자력산업 내 리더십을 유지 및 확대하는 과정에서 정부 차원의 '정책'의 중요성을 강조한 보고서를 지난 3월에 발간하였다. 보고서에서 필자인 Timothy Frazier는 미국 주도의 원자력산업 체제가 원자력 안전, 안보, 비확산 그리고 효율성 측면에서 국제 기준을 수립하고 유지하는 데 중요한 역할을 수행할 것으로 예측했다. 또한 "미국의 리더십은 원자력산업이 달성 가능한 최상 기준을 유지할 수 있도록 할 것'으로 주장하고, 원자력산업 내 미국의 리더십을 유지하기 위한 대통령의 정치 성명 발행을 제안했다. 필자는 또한 미국의 리더십 강화를 위한 원자력산업 기술의 수출 및 이전과 타국가 지원을 위한 규제 완화와 혁신적인 원자력 시스템 구축 개발에 대한 투자를 제안하였다. 본고는 연구 리포트 2회분(최종)이다.

World Report - 미국의 글로벌 원자력 리더십 회복과 확대를 위해 필요한 정책의 역할

Frazier, Timothy A. 한국원자력산업회의 2017 원자력산업 Vol.37 No.5

미 콜럼비아대 글로벌에너지정책연구센터는 지난 3월 미국의 세계 원자력산업 내 리더십을 유지 및 확대하는 과정에서 정부 차원의 '정책'의 중요성을 강조한 보고서를 발간하였다. 보고서에서 필자인 Timothy Frazier는 미국 주도의 원자력산업 체제가 원자력 안전, 안보, 비확산 그리고 효율성 측면에서 국제 기준을 수립하고 유지하는 데 중요한 역할을 수행할 것으로 예측했다. 또한 "미국의 리더십은 원자력산업이 달성 가능한 최상 기준을 유지할 수 있도록 할 것'으로 주장하고, 원자력산업 내 미국의 리더십을 유지하기 위한 대통령의 정치 성명 발행을 제안했다. 필자는 또한 미국의 리더십 강화를 위한 원자력산업 기술의 수출 및 이전과 타국가 지원을 위한 규제 완화와 혁신적인 원자력 시스템 구축 개발에 대한 투자를 제안하였다. 본 연구 리포트를 2회 분재(分載)한다.

The Effect of Antecedent Complexity in the Processing of Noun Phrase Ellipsis

김나연,Michael Frazier 담화·인지언어학회 2022 담화와 인지 Vol.29 No.4

The current study investigated the effect of antecedent complexity on the time-course of antecedent retrieval for Noun Phrase Ellipsis (NPE) with the aim to understand whether the structural content associated with the antecedent have an impact on the online processing of NPE. We found that while NPE structures are more taxing to process in real-time than similar constructions with pronominal anaphora, the complexity of the antecedent yielded no observable reading-time differences nor differences in accuracy. This pattern of results is broadly compatible with both pointer-based and cost-free copying accounts of ellipsis processing (Frazier and Clifton 2001; Martin and McElree 2008, 2009, 2011) but inconsistent with approaches to ellipsis resolution in which the antecedent must be re-built in the ellipsis-site. However, crucially, the absence of an observable antecedent-competition effect (Van Dyke and McElree 2006; Jäger, Engelmann, and Vasishth 2017) is suggestive evidence in favor of the cost-free copying accounts (Frazier and Clifton 2001, 2005). Future work should attempt to expand the range of complexity-based manipulations (in both the degree and the nature of complexity) to ensure that results of this kind are reliable across a range of antecedent structures.

Validation of an Infrared Camera System with a Joint Analysis Software as a Real Time Strength Training and Evaluation Tool

Jacob Frazier,Jae Yom,Cheryl Howe,David Chelberg 대한운동학회 2018 아시아 운동학 학술지 Vol.20 No.3

[OBJECTIVES] Athletic performance and injury prevention are important for athletes and coaches. Different types of movement analyses have been created to aid in injury prevention and performance. The reliability of the Microsoft Kinect™ for movement analysis has not been widely tested. If reliable and accurate it could decrease the cost and time necessary for movement analysis. The purpose of this study was to determine if the Microsoft Kinect™ is an accurate measure of knee displacement during the parallel squat when compared to the Dartfish Team Pro Software 6.0. [METHODS] Twenty nine healthy recreational athletes participated in the study and used the Dartfish Team Pro Software 6.0 to validate the Microsoft Kinect™ as a tool to measure knee displacement. Subjects performed a parallel squat with a 2.1m long dowel rod. This exercise was used to compare value between systems. The intraclass correlation coefficient and paired-samples t-test were used to compare Dartfish Team Pro Software 6.0 and Microsoft Kinect™. Intrarater reliability of each system was also assessed. [RESULTS] There were 29 participants in the study. The interclass correlation coefficient for Dartfish Team Pro Software 6.0 and Microsoft Kinect™ showed that the Microsoft Kinect™ had a high-reliability ICC = 0.96. Intrarater reliability for Kinect™ and Dartfish were .98 and .99, respectively. The mean difference between systems for measured knee displacement was 1.06 cm. The mean for the Microsoft Kinect™ was 49.11 ± 1.9 and 50.16 ± 96 for the Dartfish (p > 0.05). [CONCLUSIONS] The Microsoft Kinect™ is reliable against the Dartfish Team Pro Software 6.0 as a tool to measure knee displacement using the parallel squat. It appears for healthy young adults, the Microsoft Kinect™ is reliable for movement analysis.

Processing of Referential Non-Isomorphism in Noun Phrase Ellipsis

김나연,Michael Frazier 한국언어학회 2023 언어 Vol.48 No.1

Anaphoric dependencies can span the boundary of an ellipsis-site, as in sentences like “Bob’s photo of himself from the birthday party was beautiful like Pablo’s [Noun Phrase Ellipsis] from the pool party”. These dependencies are known to exhibit a systematic ambiguity between an interpretation where anaphors interpreted in the deleted portion of the sentence can be interpreted as bound by either their nearby candidate antecedent for the reflexive in its local clause proximal to the NPE-site or by the structurally analogous noun phrase in the antecedent clause. In the above example, the ambiguity is whether the reflexive in the ellipsis is co-referent with Pablo or with Bob. This study presents the results of an experiment on the real-time processing of this so-called strict/sloppy-identity ambiguity to examine which reading the parser preferentially adopts. The study finds that the strict reading is preferred on-line, indicating that coreference information is available to the parser, and suggests implications for this finding to better understand the grammatical representation of coreference.

Evolution of Automatic Ordering System in Retail Market : Analyzing Inventory Data

Paik, SiHyun,Frazier, DeWayne P.,Mark, Isenhoff The International Promotion Agency of Culture Tech 2015 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.3 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to reveal two problems in the existing inventory systems in retail market, and to suggest a Two-Bin System under Automatic Ordering System considering only base-stock. Large retailers already have a sophisticated inventory system based on an automatic ordering principle. However, why does the out-of-stock (OOS) happen in large discount stores in spite of having a good inventory system? This paper suggests two systems after finding the root causes concerning the previous question. For evaluating the performance of each system, the random 200 data set in each sample group was generated from MINITAB 16 and obeyed the Poisson distribution. The existing inventory system in retail market cannot help generating OOS due to indwelling contradiction in itself. The reasons are the ordering deadline and the relationship between ordering quantity and base stock. This paper also demonstrates that these previous studies on inventory fall into the closed loop. Also the paper shows that the performance of the replenishment policy was better than traditional methods dealing with ordering quantity and base stock.

Evolution of Automatic Ordering System in Retail Market : Analyzing Inventory Data

SiHyun Paik,DeWayne P. Frazier,Isenhoff Mark 국제문화기술진흥원 2015 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.3 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to reveal two problems in the existing inventory systems in retail market, and to suggest a Two-Bin System under Automatic Ordering System considering only base-stock. Large retailers already have a sophisticated inventory system based on an automatic ordering principle. However, why does the out-of-stock (OOS) happen in large discount stores in spite of having a good inventory system? This paper suggests two systems after finding the root causes concerning the previous question. For evaluating the performance of each system, the random 200 data set in each sample group was generated from MINITAB 16 and obeyed the Poisson distribution. The existing inventory system in retail market cannot help generating OOS due to indwelling contradiction in itself. The reasons are the ordering deadline and the relationship between ordering quantity and base stock. This paper also demonstrates that these previous studies on inventory fall into the closed loop. Also the paper shows that the performance of the replenishment policy was better than traditional methods dealing with ordering quantity and base stock.

An automated micro-solid phase extraction device involving integrated \high-pressure microvalves for genetic sample preparation

Han, Song-I,Han, Ki-Ho,Frazier, A. Bruno,Ferrance, Jerome P.,Landers, James P. Springer-Verlag 2009 BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES Vol.11 No.4

Lateral displacement as a function of particle size using a piecewise curved planar interdigitated electrode array

Han, Ki-Ho,Han, Song-I,Frazier, A. Bruno Royal Society of Chemistry 2009 Lab on a chip Vol.9 No.20

<P>We describe the lateral displacement of a particle passing over a planar interdigitated electrode array at an angle as a function of the particle size. The lateral displacement was also measured as a function of the angle between the electrode and the direction of flow. A simplified line charge model was used for numerically estimating the lateral displacement of fluorescent polystyrene (PS) beads with three different diameters. Using the lateral displacement as a function of particle size, we developed a lateral dielectrophoretic (DEP) microseparator, which enables continuous discrimination of particles by size. The microchannel was divided into three regions, each with an electrode array placed at a different angle with respect to the direction of flow. The experiment using an admixture of 3-, 5-, and 10-µm PS beads showed that the lateral DEP microseparator could continuously separate out 99.86% of the 3-µm beads, 98.82% of the 5-µm beads, and 99.69% of the 10-µm beads, simply by using a 200-kHz 12-Vp-p AC voltage to create the lateral DEP force. The lateral DEP microseparator is thus a practical device for simultaneously separating particles according to size from a heterogeneous admixture.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Fluorescent 3-, 5-, and 10-µm polystyrene beads separated on a piecewise curved planar interdigitated electrode array of the lateral-driven continuous DEP microseparator. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b909753h'> </P>