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( Francois Hategekimana ),( Young-seog Kim ) 대한지질공학회 2021 지질공학 Vol.31 No.3
Kinematic analyses of magmatic intrusions and faults can provide useful information on stress conditions and chronological relationships between dike emplacement and brittle deformation events. We studied structures in rocks exposed on a coastal platform in Geoje Island off the southern Korean Peninsula because of its well-developed dikes and faults. The geology of the study area includes the Cretaceous Seongpo-ri Formation, which is composed mostly of shale, sandstone, and hornfels intruded by magmatic dikes. Most of the dikes are developed along pre-existing structural features (faults and fractures), indicating that their emplacements were structurally controlled. Because dikes commonly open along the direction of the minimum principal stress, the direction of this stress can be obtained from dike geometry and orientation through the matching of piercing points on either side of a dike. In addition, the deformed dikes can give information regarding later deformation. On the basis of the kinematic analyses, we identified five deformation events in the study area, which are kinematically related to changes of the regional maximum principal stress. Results indicate that the structures in the study area have been controlled predominantly by episodes of reactivation of the NNE-trending Yangsan strike-slip fault, located to the northeast of the study area, under different stress regimes. In a wider tectonic context, the brittle deformation of the rocks of Geoje Island was probably induced by interactions among the Philippine Sea, Pacific, and Eurasian plates, including changes in subduction parameters with respect to the latter two plates over time.
Trade in Nontradables : Proximity Requirements and the Pattern of Trade in Services
Francois, Joseph F. 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1990 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.5 No.1
One of the important differences between goods and services is that, unlike goods, services must be used as they are produced. This often requires direct interaction between user and provider. In this paper, I discuss the implications of proximity requirements for the establishment of service exporters in import markets, the pattern of trade, and for the pricing behavior of international service firms. This approach allows us to focus on how the determinants and implications of trade in services differ from those associated with trade in goods. It is demonstrated that proximity requirements have significant implications for the pattern of trade.
The Aesthetics of Digital Photography in the Era of Meta-Data
Francois Soulages(프란소아즈 수라즈) 한국국제미술교육학회 2019 미술과 교육 Vol.20 No.2
With meta-data, the collection of information is automatic. A tension if not a contradiction then appears between the action of the photographer and the collection of data related to the production of images. Of course he has an increased access to data on a larger scope of issues, but before all, he steps into a new system: this is where the disruption, the tensions and contradictions are at their peak. Whether for the without-art photographer or the one who is aiming for art to the extent that the whole field of art is changed: the technological disruption brings about an artistic disruption, and therefore an esthetical one. In the era of meta-data, an esthetics of a digital connected photography emerges though the theoretical matrix of the esthetics of photography remains the founding principles but this esthetics considerably widens its scope, dealing with new problems―related to contemporary art, technology, connectivity, the body and to the sociopolitical: crucial issues are at stake! It is a new theory both for a new screen and for a new world because a systemic revolution is underway leading to what Foucault labelled half a century ago as a new epistémé. The same goes from our being to the world and to transition from our being-here in its daily and ordinary commonplace to a being-into-the-world, to a being-nearby-the-world and therefore, to a temporal being from which the native temporality temporalize itself according to three directions or three ecstasies: native present, native past and native future. Then, a game of art and of man is possible where photography and meta-data play a crucial role, such as with Adrian Flury.
DYNAMIC EFFECTS OF TRADE IN FINANCIAL SERVICES
FRANCOIS, HOSEPH F. 한국국제경제학회 1995 International Economic Journal Vol.9 No.3
The efficiency and structure of financial sectors are important to the maintenance and augmentation of the capital stock, general economic activity, and economic growth. For this reason, the extension of liberal trading rules, such as those embodied in the GATT, to cover trade in financial services has significant and potentially far-reaching implications for the pattern of investment, the structure of financial markets, the working of payment mechanisms, and the transmission of economic disturbances across borders, However, there has been little formal analysis of trade in financial services, in this sense, in the theoretical trade literature. In this paper I have examined some of these issues, emphasizing the positive implications of trade in financial services for the evolution of the capital stock in the context of an overlapping generations model that explicitly incorporates a role for the financial sector. The results provide some formal support for the argument that liberalizing trade in services may imply dynamic gains grounded in the basic sources of comparative advantage. There are of course numerous related issues that merit formal attention, but that at the same time are beyond the scope of the present paper. These include financial market structure (in an industrial organization rather than financial instrument sense) and financial market stability. Trade liberalization may create pressure for consolidation and closure of financial institutions as part of the rationalization process. As recent U.S. experience has demonstrated, imperfect deposit insurance schemes may imply adjustment costs that are borne by national treasuries, and hence ultimately by taxpayers. Such costs must be balanced against gains like those emphasized in this paper. Other matters related to trade in financial services worth formal exploration include trade in financial services with industries subject to increasing returns, the effect of trade in financial services on the evolution of comparative advantage and the pattern of trade. and the implications of scale economies within the financial sector itself. The transmission of real shocks through financial intermediaries linked through trade is also potentially important. This latter point goes beyond macro issues of gross capital flows, relating as well to the micro- foundations aspects of international finance.