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Does Healthy Food Access Matter in a French Urban Setting?
Caillavet, France,Kyureghian, Gayaneh,Nayga Jr., Rodolfo M.,Ferrant, Coline,Chauvin, Pierre Oxford University Press 2015 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS - Vol.97 No.5
<P>Limited access to healthy food is commonly regarded as a contributing factor to poor dietary choices. The objective of this article is to test this hypothesis in a French context given France's increasing obesity rates and incidence of poor dietary habits. We use data on fruit and vegetable consumption frequency and different food retail availability measures, for example the number of food stores, food surface area, and a dispersion measure based on store numbers, store types, and food area surface, from several data sources in France. We also employ different types of geographic units when measuring the food retail environment and instrumental variable model specifications to test the robustness of our results, which indicate that fewer but larger retail outlets increase the odds of consuming the recommended level of fruit and vegetables. We also find that an increase in food supply dispersion will improve fruit and vegetable consumption in Paris, but not in its suburbs.</P>
Academic talent development programs: a best practices model
Franc¸oys Gagne 서울대학교 교육연구소 2015 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.16 No.2
This article aims to describe how schools should structure the development of academic talent at all levels of the K-12 educational system. Adopting as its theoretical framework the Differentiating Model of Giftedness and Talent, the author proposes (a) a formal definition of academic talent development (ATD) inspired by the principles and practices adopted in education, music, and sports and (b) seven constitutive characteristics of exemplary talent development programs. He develops his proposal around an enriched K-12 curriculum as its keystone component. Other characteristics recommend that school administrators make this curriculum available on a daily basis, as early as the kindergarten level, to selected high-achieving students; they would belong to full-time high-ability groups. The author argues that most current socalled gifted programs, mainly exemplified by pullout classes and regular classroom enrichment, have little to do with ‘proper’ academic talent development. The article ends with a brief survey of existing ATD programs and a look at future implementation problems.
Role Distribution in insolvency Law : Canada
Mireille-France LeBlanc 법무부 2010 선진상사법률연구 Vol.- No.52
Mireille-France LeBlanc is a member of the Law Society of Upper Canada since 2001 and has worked as counsel in Department of Justice Cananda, International Private Law Section since 2007. She holds a law degree from Université de Moncton in 1995 and master degree in Business Administration from Université de Moncton in 1999 and in International Law from University of Ottawa in 2001. She had also worked as law clerk in Federal Court of Canada, Trial Division from 1999 to 2000 and as senior legal policy analyst, Department of Industry Canada,Corporate and Insolvency Law Policy Directorate from 2000 to 2005. Then, she served as senior advisor to the Assistant Deputy Minister, Department of Human Resources and Social Development Canada from 2005 to 2007. She is specialized in Corporate and Commercial Law, Legal Policy Development and International Negotiations.
An Isotopic Study of the Effects of Refining on Fiber
FRANCES L WALSH,SUJIT BANERJEE 한국펄프·종이공학회 2006 한국펄프종이학회 기타 간행물 Vol.- No.-
Tritium has been used to directly measure the exchangeable hydrogen in bleached softwood kraft pulp. The hydrogen atoms associated with hydroxyl groups in pulp or with water contained in the pulp can dissociate and exchange with the hydrogen atoms in bulk water. Tritium is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen and behaves almost identically to it. The distribution of tritium between pulp and water (kpw) can be easily measured and becomes an index of the protons available for hydrogen bonding. Bleached kraft pulp was refined in a PFI mill to a range of freenesses. Tritiated water was added and the amount exchanged measured. There was a slight steady increase in kpw until approximately 300 CSF; kpw then rose sharply between 300 CSF and 100 CSF. This rise appears to correlate with FSP. It is likely that the action of refining on the fiber reaches a threshold at about 300 CSF causing the fiber surface to break open creating exponentially more surface area. This theory is visually confirmed through light microscopy. The slow increase in fibrillation of the fibers above 300 CSF correlates with the increase in kpw. Beyond the threshold of 300 CSF a dramatic difference in fibrillation is shown, also corresponding with the large increase in kpw. The freeness difference around 300 CSF is small, but the change in fiber properties is extreme within this region. This change in properties could lead to sheet breaks and other disruptions when producing products around the threshold. This study leads to a better understanding of how fiber changes during refining, resulting in a practical benefit of target freeness determination. Presently, freeness is selected based on product quality and on some measure of runnability. Yet, there are other considerations, demonstrated by the extreme change in fiber properties around 300 CSF.
Reliability Analysis of Net Cross-section Resistance with Accidental Eccentricity of Holes
Franc Sinur,Darko Beg 한국강구조학회 2009 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.9 No.2
The aim of the research was to determine reliability function of net cross-section resistance in relation to accidental eccentricity of nominally centric holes. The response surface method was used by taking into account the relevant Eurocode design provisions and reliability requirements. Within the response surface method, the central composite design method and the least square method were used with the employment of Monte Carlo simulations. The probable distributed variables such as strength fy, breadth b, thickness t, diameter d0 and eccentricity e were determined by the central composite design method. 280 different numerical simulations were set up with varying variables. A log-normal distribution for strength (fy) and a normal distribution for geometrical variables (b, t, d0, e) were employed by taking into account the coefficients of variations: Vfy=0.07, Vb=0.005, Vt=0.05 and Vd0=0.005. In order to determine the influence of eccentricity on partial safety factor, several normal distributions with different variation factors were applied in the analysis. The influence of the edge distance of the hole e2 over d0 ratio on the partial safety factor was determined by varying mean values of variable b. For comparison, two types of steel were used: structural steel S235 and high strength steel S690. Numerical simulations of the net cross-section resistance Fu were performed with ABAQUS 6.7. The response surface for the net cross-section resistance was determined by introducing a quadratic approximation function and by applying the least square method. The partial safety factor was then (statistically) obtained by means of robust Monte Carlo simulations on the calculated response surface. The aim of the research was to determine reliability function of net cross-section resistance in relation to accidental eccentricity of nominally centric holes. The response surface method was used by taking into account the relevant Eurocode design provisions and reliability requirements. Within the response surface method, the central composite design method and the least square method were used with the employment of Monte Carlo simulations. The probable distributed variables such as strength fy, breadth b, thickness t, diameter d0 and eccentricity e were determined by the central composite design method. 280 different numerical simulations were set up with varying variables. A log-normal distribution for strength (fy) and a normal distribution for geometrical variables (b, t, d0, e) were employed by taking into account the coefficients of variations: Vfy=0.07, Vb=0.005, Vt=0.05 and Vd0=0.005. In order to determine the influence of eccentricity on partial safety factor, several normal distributions with different variation factors were applied in the analysis. The influence of the edge distance of the hole e2 over d0 ratio on the partial safety factor was determined by varying mean values of variable b. For comparison, two types of steel were used: structural steel S235 and high strength steel S690. Numerical simulations of the net cross-section resistance Fu were performed with ABAQUS 6.7. The response surface for the net cross-section resistance was determined by introducing a quadratic approximation function and by applying the least square method. The partial safety factor was then (statistically) obtained by means of robust Monte Carlo simulations on the calculated response surface.
France Ncube,Artwell Kanda 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2018 Safety and health at work Vol.9 No.4
This article addresses three key issues. First, the commonalities, differences, strengths, and limitations of existing occupational safety and health (OSH) legislation of low- and middle-income countries were determined. Second, required revisions were identified and discussed to strengthen the laws in accordance with the best international practice. Finally, proposals for additional OSH laws and interventions were suggested. A literature search of OSH laws of 10 selected low- and middle-income countries was carried out. The laws were subjected to uniform review criteria. Although the agricultural sector employs more than 70% of the population, most of the reviewed countries lack OSH legislation on the sector. Existing OSH laws are gender insensitive, fragmented among various government departments, insufficient, outdated, and nondeterrent to perpetrators and lack incentives for compliance. Conclusively, the legal frameworks require reformation and harmonization for the collective benefit to employees, employers, and regulatory authorities. New OSH legislation for the agricultural sector is required.