Recent Advances in Biotechnology of Rumen Bacteria - Review -

Forsberg, C.W.,Egbosimba, E.E.,MacLellan, S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.1

Recent advances in the biotechnology of ruminal bacteria have been made in the characterization of enzymes involved in plant cell wall digestion, the exploration of mechanisms of gene transfer in ruminal bacteria, and the development of vectors. These studies have culminated in the introduction and expression of heterologous glucanase and xylanase genes and a fluoroacetate dehalogenase gene in ruminal bacteria. These recent studies show the strategy of gene and vector construction necessary for the production of genetically engineered bacteria for introduction into ruminants. Molecular research on proteolytic turnover of protein in the rumen is in its infancy, but a novel protein high in essential amino acids designed for intracellular expression in ruminal organisms provides an interesting approach for improving the amino acid profile of ruminal organisms.

Arms Control on the Korean Peninsula: South Korea, North Korea and the United States ; South Korea-US Cooperation for Building Peace on the Korean Peninsula

( Randall Caroline Forsberg ) 국방대학교 안보문제연구소 2001 The Korean Journal of Security Affairs Vol.6 No.2

South Korea-US Cooperation for Building Peace on the Korean Peninsula

Randall Caroline Forsberg Korea National Defense University 2001 KNDU review Vol.6 No.2

정책토론회 결과보고서 01-6 : 미국의 시각에서 보는 한미동맹, 동북아 평화를 위한 정책과 전망

Bruce Bennett,Landall Forsberg 한국전략문제연구소 2001 한국전략문제연구소 정책토론 결과보고서 Vol.- No.-

Technology Selection for Offshore Underwater Small Modular Reactors

Koroush Shirvan,Ronald Ballinger,Jacopo Buongiorno,Charles Forsberg,Mujid Kazimi,Neil Todreas 한국원자력학회 2016 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.48 No.6

This work examines the most viable nuclear technology options for future underwaterdesigns that would meet high safety standards as well as good economic potential, forconstruction in the 2030-2040 timeframe. The top five concepts selected from a survey of 13 nuclear technologies were compared to a small modular pressurized water reactor(PWR) designed with a conventional layout. In order of smallest to largest primary systemsize where the reactor and all safety systems are contained, the top five designs were: (1) aleadebismuth fast reactor based on the Russian SVBR-100; (2) a novel organic cooledreactor; (3) an innovative superheated water reactor; (4) a boiling water reactor based onToshiba's LSBWR; and (5) an integral PWR featuring compact steam generators. A similarstudy on potential attractive power cycles was also performed. A condensing and recompressionsupercritical CO2 cycle and a compact steam Rankine cycle were designed. It wasfound that the hull size required by the reactor, safety systems and power cycle can besignificantly reduced (50-80%) with the top five designs compared to the conventionalPWR. Based on the qualitative economic consideration, the organic cooled reactor andboiling water reactor designs are expected to be the most cost effective options.

The state of the art of osseointegration for limb prosthesis

A. L. Overman,J. A. Forsberg 대한의용생체공학회 2020 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.10 No.1

Osseointegration (OI) is the direct attachment of bone onto a titanium implant. Recently, the term is used to describe “transdermal”implants that allow an external prosthesis to be connected directly to the skeleton. This technology eliminates thechallenges of conventional socket-based prostheses, such as skin breakdown and poor fi t, which are common in patientswith major extremity amputations. Osseointegration patients demonstrate encouraging improvements in quality of life andfunction. Patients report improvement in prosthetic use, prosthetic mobility, global health, and pain reduction on a varietyof clinical assessment tools. Various implants have been developed for osseointegration for amputees. These implants usea variety of fi xation strategies and surface augments to allow for successful integration into the host bone. Regardless ofdesign, all OI implants face similar challenges, particularly infections. Other challenges include the inability to determinewhen integration has occurred and the inability to detect loss of integration. These challenges may be met by incorporatingsensing systems into the implants. The percutaneous nature of the metal devices can be leveraged so that internal sensors neednot be wireless, and can be interrogated by external monitoring systems, thus providing crucial, real-time information aboutthe state of the implant. The purpose of this review is to (1) review the basic science behind osseointegration, (2) providean overview of current implants, practice patterns, and clinical outcomes, and (3) preview sensor technologies which mayprove useful in future generations of transdermal orthopaedic implants.

Fibrobacter succinogenes, a Dominant Fibrolytic Ruminal Bacterium: Transition to the Post Genomic Era

Jun, H.S.,Qi, M.,Ha, J.K.,Forsberg, C.W. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.5

Fibrobacter succinogenes, a Gram-negative, anaerobic ruminal bacterium is a major fibre digesting species in the rumen. It intensively degrades plant cell walls by an erosion type of mechanism, burrowing its way through the complex matrix of cellulose and hemicellulose with the release of digestible and undigested cell wall fragments. The enzymes involved in this process include a combination of glucanases, xylanases, arabinofuranosidase(s) and esterases. The genome of the bacterium has been sequenced and this has revealed in excess of 100 putative glycosyl hydrolase, pectate lyase and carbohydrate esterase genes, which is greater than the numbers reported present in other major cellulolytic organisms for which genomes have been sequenced. Modelling of the amino acid sequences of two glycanases, CedA and EGB, by reference to crystallized homologs has enabled prediction of the major features of their tertiary structures. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis in conjunction with mass spectroscopy has permitted the documentation of proteins over expressed in F. succinogenes grown on cellulose, and analysis of the cell surfaces of mutant strains unable to bind to cellulose has enabled the identification of candidate proteins with roles in adhesion to the plant cell wall substrate, the precursor to cellulose biodegradation.

Anatomy Versus Physiology: Is Breast Lymphatic Drainage to the Internal Thoracic (Internal Mammary) Lymphatic System Clinically Relevant?

Priscilla Machado,Ji-Bin Liu,Laurence Needleman,Christine Lee,Flemming Forsberg 한국유방암학회 2023 Journal of breast cancer Vol.26 No.3

Approximately 15%−25% of breast lymphatic drainage passes through the internal thoracic (internal mammary) lymphatic system, draining the inner quadrants of the breast. This study aimed to use lymphosonography to identify sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in the axillary and internal thoracic lymphatic systems in patients with breast cancer. Seventy-nine patients received subcutaneous ultrasound contrast agent injections around the tumor. Lymphosonography was used to identify SLNs. In 14 of the 79 patients (17.7%), the tumor was located in the inner quadrant of the breast. Lymphosonography identified 217 SLNs in 79 patients, averaging 2.7 SLNs per patient. The 217 identified SLNs in the 79 patients were located in the axillary lymphatic system; none were located in the internal thoracic (internal mammary) lymphatic system, although it was expected in two to four patients (i.e., 4–11 SLNs). These results implied that SLNs associated with breast cancer are predominantly located in the axillary lymphatic system.

Mortality risk attributable to high and low ambient temperature: a multicountry observational study

Gasparrini, Antonio,Guo, Yuming,Hashizume, Masahiro,Lavigne, Eric,Zanobetti, Antonella,Schwartz, Joel,Tobias, Aurelio,Tong, Shilu,Rocklö,v, Joacim,Forsberg, Bertil,Leone, Michela,De Sario, Manuela Elsevier 2015 The Lancet Vol.386 No.9991

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P><B>Background</B></P><P>Although studies have provided estimates of premature deaths attributable to either heat or cold in selected countries, none has so far offered a systematic assessment across the whole temperature range in populations exposed to different climates. We aimed to quantify the total mortality burden attributable to non-optimum ambient temperature, and the relative contributions from heat and cold and from moderate and extreme temperatures.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>We collected data for 384 locations in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Thailand, UK, and USA. We fitted a standard time-series Poisson model for each location, controlling for trends and day of the week. We estimated temperature–mortality associations with a distributed lag non-linear model with 21 days of lag, and then pooled them in a multivariate metaregression that included country indicators and temperature average and range. We calculated attributable deaths for heat and cold, defined as temperatures above and below the optimum temperature, which corresponded to the point of minimum mortality, and for moderate and extreme temperatures, defined using cutoffs at the 2·5th and 97·5th temperature percentiles.</P><P><B>Findings</B></P><P>We analysed 74 225 200 deaths in various periods between 1985 and 2012. In total, 7·71% (95% empirical CI 7·43–7·91) of mortality was attributable to non-optimum temperature in the selected countries within the study period, with substantial differences between countries, ranging from 3·37% (3·06 to 3·63) in Thailand to 11·00% (9·29 to 12·47) in China. The temperature percentile of minimum mortality varied from roughly the 60th percentile in tropical areas to about the 80–90th percentile in temperate regions. More temperature-attributable deaths were caused by cold (7·29%, 7·02–7·49) than by heat (0·42%, 0·39–0·44). Extreme cold and hot temperatures were responsible for 0·86% (0·84–0·87) of total mortality.</P><P><B>Interpretation</B></P><P>Most of the temperature-related mortality burden was attributable to the contribution of cold. The effect of days of extreme temperature was substantially less than that attributable to milder but non-optimum weather. This evidence has important implications for the planning of public-health interventions to minimise the health consequences of adverse temperatures, and for predictions of future effect in climate-change scenarios.</P><P><B>Funding</B></P><P>UK Medical Research Council.</P>